M'nyengo yotentha, mphesa zimaphukira, masango amayikidwa ndikucha, komanso mphukira ndi masamba ogona, pomwe mbewuzo zilandiridwa chaka chamawa. Kutentha kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kukula kwa mpesa ndi kukulira, motero, ndipo pali ntchito yambiri kuyang'anira ndikusintha tchire.
Maluwa oyipa
Mphesa ndi mbewu yopukutidwa ndi mphepo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timathandizanso kuchulukitsa mungu, koma osati udindo wawo wotsogola. Mphesa zimatulutsa mu June kwa masabata awiri. M'magawo osiyanasiyana okukula, zaka, mitundu, pali zopatuka. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imachitika popanda munthu kuchitapo kanthu, koma nthawi zina thandizo limafunika.
Ngati nthawi ya maluwa kukugwa mvula kapena nyengo yozizira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso kumakhala kochepa. Cholinga: mumvula yamvula, chinsinsi chomata chimatsukidwa, chomwe mungu umatsatira. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kumachulukitsa nthawi yake yamera. Zonsezi zimatsogolera kuti mphesa ziwotchedwe pomwe mbeu zing'onozing'ono, zopanda mbewu zikupezeka pampando wachifumu nthawi yomweyo ngati zipatso zazikulu.
Ma burashi amaoneka kuti ali ndi mavuto ambiri chifukwa ndimawonekedwe, omwe ndi ofunikira kwa mitundu ya tebulo: mawonekedwe osawoneka. Ngakhale mitundu yonse, kupukutira osakwanira kumachepetsa zokolola! Ndipo mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa achikazi, momwe mungu wawo ndi wosabala, sangatulutse mungu kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya zipatso popanda kupukutira pang'ono komanso popanda mungu.
Poterepa, timayendetsa mungu wakupanga. Timapanga mafosholo awiri amitengo kapena plywood, pomwe timalumikiza khungu la kalulu ndi stapler kapena misomali yaying'ono. Mutha kutenga michira iwiri ya kalulu ndi misomali kumitengo.
Tsopano, mosasinthika ndi maukidwe owala, timatola mungu kuchokera ku inflorescence ya mitundu yosungunulira mungu ndikuwusintha kupita ku mitengo yoyipitsidwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, masamba amapindika palimodzi, kuti mungu wowuma usungidwe. Kuchitikako kumachitika pang'onopang'ono ma inflorescence, mame atagwa kapena kuyanika kwamvula.
Kuthirira mphesa m'chilimwe
Zimatengera nyengo, malo okhala, nthaka. Amathiriridwa ndi kukonkha, kukokera mu mizu, mu mabowo pafupi ndi tchire kapena m'mphepete mwa miyala. Timasankha njira yoyenera kutsirira motengera nyengo yakwanuko. M'dzikoli, ndi dera laling'ono la munda wamphesawo, ndikofunikira kukumba chidutswa cha chitoliro kapena botolo la pulasitiki mukabzala. Chifukwa chake, timathirira mphesa, osati namsongole pafupi, komanso yaying'ono: madzi amapita kumalo oyenera, kutulutsa madzi osabereka sikokwanira.
Chiwerengero chothirira - kutengera zofunikira za mbewu ndi nyengo. Ngati masamba apansi atayamba kusanduka chikasu, timathirira kuthirira. Pamadothi opepuka, chinyezi chimalowa mwachangu, koma chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, chifukwa chimasungidwa bwino. Pa dothi lolemera munyengo yamvula kumakhala chinyezi chambiri. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kukhetsa, kumasula dothi kuti mulandire mpweya kuti mupewe kufa ndi mizu.
Ndizotheka kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi kuphikira, pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la feteleza wachilengedwe komanso mchere m'malo mwa madzi.
Kuthirira kuthirira kumakhala ndi chopanda chofunikira, popeza, kuthirira moyenera m'chilimwe, timawonetseranso kuphulika pansi. Mwakutero, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a oidium amasungidwa pamenepo, omwe adzagwera masamba ndi madontho ...
Feteleza
Chikhalidwe chimachotsa michere yambiri m'nthaka, imafunika m'malo feteleza. Timathira feteleza organic m'dzinja, nthawi yotentha - pokhapokha mukathirira, tikamaonjezera mkodzo, mullein kapena madzi ena. Mukamadyetsa mphesa mu Julayi komanso pambuyo pake, sitimayambitsa mchere wa nayitrogeni: nyengo yakukulira ichulukira, kucha kwa zipatso kumapita mtsogolo, chomera chimayendetsa misa ndipo ilibe nthawi yolowera mundawo. Kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu kudzakhala ngati nthochi. Mwinanso okwera pang'ono, komabe osakwanira ...
Kuchotsa kwa potaziyamu ndikofunikira, timayambitsa makamaka mitundu yopanda mafuta a chlorine - mafungo amtundu wa chlorine amavulaza mphesa.
Phosphorous imafuna zambiri, timaganizira kupezeka kwake m'nthaka. Zowonadi ndi zakuti zinthu zamkuwa zambiri, manganese, ndi laimu m'nthaka zimachepetsa kupezeka kwa phosphorous pazomera, mizu singathe "kuchotsa" m'nthaka. Gawo ndilabwino kupatsa mawonekedwe ovala bwino, ndiye kuti, kutsanulira masamba ndi yankho la phosphoric salt.
Mwambiri, njira yovalira bwino pamiyala imakhala ndi maubwino angapo: zinthu zopatsa thanzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachuma, popeza sizimangidwa ndi dothi ndikupeza mwachomera. Ndiosavuta kudyetsa mbewu ndi chitsulo ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo: kusowa kwake kumaphwanya photosynthesis, kumabweretsa chlorosis. Kuvala kwapamwamba pamiyeso ndi njira yamagetsi, yomwe mbewu imangofunika pang'ono, koma osagawanika, ndiyabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza ndi njirayi musanayambe maluwa kumachulukitsa zipatso zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, yankho liyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo acidity wake ali pafupi ndi ndale kuti apewe kuwotcha masamba.
Kuteteza mphesa ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Kutentha kwambiri, tsoka, kumakondweretsa kukula kwa mphesa zokha. Pofotokoza momwe mungasamalire mphesa nthawi yotentha, muyenera kulabadira kutetezedwe ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Ili ndiye mutu waukulu, wopikika, kotero talemba zolemba pamutuwu patsamba lathu. Ndipo m'ndimeyi tangonena mwachidule kuti pali matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo ta mphesa zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga mbewu yonse. Kuwaza ndi mankhwala othandizira. kuphatikiza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira zothetsera zowonjezera ndi michere yamtengo.
Ntchito yobiriwira
Kapangidwe kosasangalatsa kwa chitsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri: Umu ndi momwe timakwaniritsire gawo loyenera la gawo, tsamba, masamba ndi mphukira, inflorescence. Kupatuka kulikonse kuchokera pamwambapa kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndikuchepera chitsamba. Osati chaka chino chokha, komanso mwa ena ochepa!
Kudulira kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumachitika mchaka, koma m'chilimwe kumakhala ntchito yokwanira. Kuti tifulumizane kucha, mphesa zimasungidwa: timafupikitsa mphukira, kusiya masamba 10-12 pamwamba pa muluwo. Kuphatikiza pa ndalama, njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo kupsa kwa zipatso:
- Zomangira. Mu June, pansi pa burashi wamunsi, chotsani kotekisi ndi cambium, 3-5 mm.
- Timayatsa mphukira wautali ndi mphete, yomata kapena yopingasa.
- Kutentha kwa mipesa. Pamwamba pa gulu lotsiriza lomwe timapotoza (osadula, ndikungopotoza) mtengo. Kuphatikiza pakukula mwachangu, tsango limakhala lokoma.
Tikuyenera kudziwa kuti ngati tikufunika kuthamangitsa kucha, mwina tangolakwitsa posankha mitundu yobzala?
Timagwira msipu wa mphesa, kuchotsa, pang'ono kapena pang'ono, mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zikukula mwachangu kuchokera ku masamba pazithunzi za chaka chino. Amakulitsa chitsamba, kuchepetsa kuwonekera, komwe kumachepetsa shuga ndi zipatso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda. Ma Stepsons amalimba pamene chitsamba cha mphesa chimatsitsidwa, pomwe pali "zowonjezera" zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira zipatso ndi kuyala masamba, mphukira zomwe zikulira.
Kusintha kumachitika nthawi zonse, sikuti kungokhala ndi udindo, komanso njira zovuta pofotokozera.
Kusamalidwa bwino kwa mphesa mu Julayi kudzathandizidwa ndi kanema wokhala ndi njira zowonetsera zokolola. Kuzindikira ngati chitsamba chadzaza mokwanira kumathandizira kuyang'anira korona wa mpirawo. Nthawi zambiri, limakhota kwinakwake mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Kubwereka kumachitika chifukwa cha mtengo wopanda nkhuni. Kugwirizanitsa chisoti chachifumu ndi chizindikiro chozaza tchire, mwachangu muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zowonjezera, apo ayi masamba adzasweka ndipo zokolola zidzavutika chaka chino komanso zaka zitatu zotsatira.
