Atangophunzira kugwira zinthu m'manja mwake, munthu wina wachinyamata adalakalaka kukonzekera. Popita nthawi, adzakhala ndi mwayi wodziyesera yekha pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo: zopangira zingwe, zojambulajambula, zoyambira, zojambula zamatabwa, zopaka utoto. Inde, maluso ena omwe mwana adalandira ali mwana akhonza kukhala othandiza. Nthawi zina zosangalatsa zosavuta zimasanduka chizolowezi, kenako, zimakhala bizinesi ya moyo wonse. Zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo ku Russia, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopanga matumizidwe anali kupanga matabwa. Ndipo m'zaka za XXI, zimapangitsabe chidwi chenicheni kwa anthu.
Mitundu yotchuka ya zojambulajambula
Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu ankakongoletsa nyumba zawo ndi zojambula zamatabwa. Zojambula zamitundu yonse, ziwiya zam'khichini, zinthu zamatsenga, zoseweretsa ana zimawonedwa ngati zinthu zofunika kwa banja lililonse. Mwina ndichifukwa chake mitundu yosema yamatabwa idawonekera. Zosankha zotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- geometric;
- wopindika;
- kudula;
- chosema;
- wosokonekera;
- openwork;
- njira yapaulendo.
Mwamwayi, mndandandawo sukuthera pompo, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa zikhulupiriro umagawidwa m'dziko lathu lonse lalikulu. Tiyeni tilingalire ena a iwo.
Kujambula matabwa a geometric kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana pantchitoyi. Awa ndi mizati yopingasa, mabwalo, mabwalo ndi ma polyhedrons. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zam'mipando, ziwiya zapanyumba, komanso zaluso zamakoma. Mtundu wakale kwambiri wa chosema chotere ndi chosema chosemphana ndi miyala. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta, chifukwa imagwiridwa ndi chida chimodzi chokha - mpeni wa jamb. Ngati mutema matabwa, zinthu zingapo zingafunike:
- bolodi laimu;
- mpeni wapadera wa jamb;
- wolamulira;
- cholembera.
Choyamba, zojambula za mawonekedwe a geometric kapena chokongoletsera chotsirizidwa chimayikidwa pa bolodi. Ndikwabwino kwa ma novice amateurs kuti asagwiritse ntchito zojambula zovuta, kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yopanda cholakwika. Mwa ntchito zoyambirira, zinthu kuchokera pamitengo yofunika ndizoyenera, chifukwa ndikosavuta kujambula mizere yowongoka ndi mpeni wakuthwa.
Pamalo matabwa ayenera kukhala osalala momwe mungathere. Izi zimatheka pokonzekera bolodi. Komabe, sizifunikira kumangidwa ndi sandpaper. Kupanda kutero, ulusiwu suwoneka bwino komanso wolondola, ndipo chidacho chimayamba kuzimiririka.
Njira yokhotakhota imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula zopuma zazosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe pa ndege. Imatha kukhala ma chowongolera osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe olimba a ulusi amawonedwanso kosavuta. Imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito jigsaw. Chojambula chilichonse chajambula pamtengo wamatabwa chimadulidwa pamalire. Zotsatira zake, zaluso zabwino zimatuluka. Ulusi wofowoka umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zakumbuyo kudzera momwe ndege zina zimawonekera. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa openwork carve, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mipando ya Baroque. Ikhozanso kukhala ngati ma buffets, ma windows, zitseko, komanso nthawi zina zokongoletsera. Ngati zojambula zimalumikizidwa pamtundu wapadera, ndiye kuti ulusi wamtunduwu umawerengedwa pamwamba.
Njira yogwirira ntchito mwa njira yodutsika imayamba ndi kujambula, yomwe imayikidwa pajambule. Imasunthidwa kumtunda pogwiritsa ntchito template yapadera kapena pepala loyera. Kenako, mabowo amapangidwa pamakontena ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo yopyapyala, yomwe imadulidwa pa desktop.
Kupeta zoperekera kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zazikulu: lathyathyathya komanso akhungu. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yakhungu imatanthawuza zochepa kapena zowonetsa mawonekedwe. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti mawonekedwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha maziko ake apamwamba.
Njira yopumira kwambiri imachitidwa kuti mawonekedwe ndi maziko ozungulira azipangidwenso pakuzama kwake kuzungulira mbali yonseyo. Kusema kwa khungu kumadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a convex omwe alibe mndandanda wotsika. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimayamikiridwa chifukwa chazokongoletsa komanso mwapamwamba. Zowonadi, malo owoneka modabwitsa okhala ndi mapiri, kutaya mtima ndi kutaya mtima zimapangidwa pa ndege. Kuti apange zaluso zoterezi, ambuye amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zojambula zamatabwa. Chifukwa chake, oyamba ayenera kuphunzira njira iliyonse payokha kuti agwiritse ntchito maluso ndi zaluso zovuta kwambiri.
Njira Zoyambira Kugulitsa
Mbiri imawonetsa kuti nkhuni pachikhalidwe kale zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera nyumba. Masiku ano, zithunzi zosiyanasiyana, zojambula ndi zojambula zamatabwa zimawonetsedwa m'malo osungirako mbiri yakale kapena osindikiza. Izi zikusonyeza kuti anthu anzeru, okonzekera kuphunzira, amatha kudziwa zaluso zamtunduwu. Wood ndi zinthu zodabwitsa zachilengedwe momwe mungapangire zojambula zokongoletsera, zojambula, zinthu za mipando ndi ziwiya zapakhitchini. Atatha kudziwa zoyambira zaluso zakale, ena adakhala opanga matabwa enieni, nataya miyoyo yawo yonse.
Nzeru yotchuka imati: "Kuthana ndi mavuto ndiye chiyambi." Zili choncho, ngati simuchita chilichonse. Malangizo othandiza kupangira matabwa kwa oyamba kumene amatsegulira khomo kwa anthu olimba mtima mdziko la zaluso zabwino za DIY. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera zida ndi kumvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo.
Ndikofunika kuti oyamba kumene azisankha zida zapamwamba komanso zolimba zogwira ntchito kuti akhale ndi maluso ofunikira.
Kupaka matabwa, muyenera kukonzekera zida zotsatirazi:
- mpeni wakuthwa;
- chisisi;
- jigsaw;
- chisel;
- kubowola;
- Mafayilo ofunika
- supuni wodula;
- mipiringidzo;
- kubowola kwamagetsi;
- kubowola
- makina opera.
Inde, ndizokwanira kwa oyamba kumene kugula zida zapadera zopangira matabwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mpeni, jigsaw ndi awl. Ndi chithandizo chawo, ndikosavuta kudziwa maluso amachitidwe akale.
Gawo lotsatira ndikusankha zopangira. Ubwino wa malonda umatengera izi. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri yamatabwa: yolimba komanso yofewa. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo mahogany, thundu ndi beech. Lachiwiri - linden, aspen, pine, spruce, birch. Inde, ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi nkhuni zofewa, koma ndikasuntha kamodzi zolakwika, zimawonongeka msanga. Ngakhale izi, zimawoneka ngati zopangira zabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene.
Mitengo yolimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri chifukwa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kulimba kwa zinthuzo, mtundu wa nkhuni umathandizanso. Zipangizo zoyenera zophunzirira bwino ndi birch. Zimadzibweretsera modabwitsa kudulira mbali iliyonse. Mukamasankha mapangidwe ojambula matabwa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nkhuni zobiriwira zimadetsedwa ndi nthawi. Ngakhale izi, ndizosavuta kugwira naye ntchito.
Njira ikasankhidwa, iyenera kusunthidwa ku mtengo wopanda matabwa. Pazaka zamakono zamakono, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kapena zithunzi zojambula zopangidwa ndi akatswiri. Zomwe zili pazithunzizi ndizosiyana kwambiri, koma chilichonse chili ndi mawonekedwe akeake okongola. Zonse zikakhala zokonzeka, mutha kuyamba kupanga zaluso zanu. Thandizo lofunika kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene ndi maphunziro opangira matabwa.
Kalasi yaukadaulo yosavuta
Mukayang'ana zaluso zomalizidwa, zikuwoneka kuti kupanga sizili zovuta konse. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri okonda zaluso adatenga chida chija m'manja ndi kukonzekera. Kudula maluwa wamba, muyenera kukonzekera zinthu zotsatirazi:
- matabwa opanda kanthu;
- pensulo yofewa iwiri;
- kufunafuna pepala;
- chissel.
Chonde dziwani kuti ma chisel apadera okha opaka matabwa ndi omwe ali oyenera. Ayenera kukhala opangidwe ma v, owonda komanso owoneka bwino. Gawo lotsatira likujambula. Itha kuchotsedwa pa intaneti. Kuti muchite izi, pepala limayikidwa pazenera, pulogalamuyo imakonzanso, kenako imayikidwa pa ndege yamatabwa.
Yambirani ntchito pakati penipeni pa gululi, kudula mozungulira bwalo. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chissel chokhala ngati v, ma petalswo amadulidwa m'mphepete mwake. Zinyalala zamatanda pakati pawo zimachotsedwa pantchito. Ngati kulibe chiseli choterocho, mipeni yopanga matabwa mwaluso ndiyabwino, yomwe siyabwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito luso ili.
Chisulu chokhala ndi semicircular chidula mbali yakunja ya petal. Zimakhala ngati chithunzi cha mtima, koma osati zowopsa. Kenako, makatani amapangidwa mkati mwa petal, ndikuyilumikiza ndi pakati pa duwa. Imangokhala yozungulira ndipo duwa lokonzeka. Tsopano mutha kusilira chilengedwe choyambirira cha manja anu. Thandizo lofunika kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene ndi kanema wodzilemba matabwa, yemwe amakupangitsani kuti mugwire ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Ukadaulo wamakono wa amisiri aluso
M'masiku ano, ntchito zambiri zakhala zikuchitidwa kalekale. Zojambulajambulidwa sizotsalira kwenikweni mu izi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kumalola amisiri kuti asunge mphamvu ndi nthawi yamtengo wapatali. Makina opaka matabwa amapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukonzekera mwachangu komanso mwaluso zinthu zoyambira ntchito. Chobwereza chokha cha zida zotere ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, koma anthu omwe siongopeka basi ndi okonzeka kugula.
Pantograph
Chipangizocho chimapangidwa kuti chitha kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi matabwa aliwonse. Imagwira ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma volumine komanso pa ndege. Pantograph imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbali zoyambira, zopindika kapena kuzungulira. Kotero mothandizidwa ndi makina, zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mipando, ziboliboli kapena mapanelo zimadulidwa.
Kubowola
Chipangizo chabwino kwambiri chogwira ntchito ndi mitengo yolimba. Ndikofunika kuganizira za malo ndi malo omwe ulusi wachilengedwe wachilengedwe umakhala nawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola, amisiri amapera zida, kupera nkhuni, ndi kupukuta ngati pangafunike.
Gwirani ntchito ndi kubowola mitengo yoyenerera yamtengo wokhala ndi nkhuni zowonda, zomwe sizingathe kuluka.
Makina Ochita Kupera
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupanga mipando yamatabwa yokongoletsera. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi plywood yamtundu uliwonse komanso nkhuni. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso luso laukadaulo. Pogwira ntchito pazida zotere, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoteteza - magalasi ndi magolovesi. Komanso muzitsatira malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho.
Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, makina oterewa amathandizira kuti ntchito yopanga nkhuni ikhale. Amapangitsa kuti pakhale zopanga zochuluka kwambiri m'nthawi yochepa. Zipangizazi sizogwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani okha, komanso pawokha.
Mulimonsemo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja zimabweretsa chisangalalo chenicheni kwa munthu. Amapanga malo osangalatsa mnyumbamo, amathandizira kufotokoza zakukhosi kwa mbuye wawo kwa okondedwa awo, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amatumikirira banja. Amisiri opanga matabwa amakhalabe okongola kwachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo samatuluka. Kusema nkhuni ndi luso lomwe lidatsitsidwa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku kam'badwo. Imapezeka kwa aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa luso. Chinthu chachikulu sichiopa kulephera, koma ndi kufunitsitsa kuphunzira, tengani zida ndi kupanga zaluso.
Maphunziro Ojambula Matabwa a Oyambira
