Maluwa a Acidantera Kubzala kulima ndi kusamalira poyera komanso kunyumba

Acidanthera muliela maluwa akukula ndi chisamaliro

Acidanthera (lat. Acidanthera) - mtundu wa herbaceous corms perennials wa banja la Iris. Dera lobadwirako ndi kotentha ku Africa - Ethiopia, Mozambique. Acidanthera ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, matanthauzidwe ochokera ku chi Greek amapereka dzina "duwa lakuthwa", lomwe limatsimikizira mawonekedwe am'maluwa. Dzina lina lodziwika bwino ndi "gladiolus onunkhira." Acidanthera amafanana kwenikweni ndi maonekedwe, chisamaliro, nyengo yozizira, komabe ndi chomera china.

Acidanthera ali ndi mizu mu mawonekedwe aung'ono, pafupi masentimita 5-6, ma corms ofunda pang'ono oblong. Choyera, chokhala ndi miluzi chimabisala pansi pamakala, chofiirira komanso mauna pang'ono. Tsinde lolunjika bwino limafikira zoposa 1 mita mu mitundu ina ya "gladiolus onunkhira." Gawo lalikulu la masamba, ndipo limachitika kwambiri, lili pamunsi pa tsinde. Pa mphukira yokha, mizere ochepa okha komanso m'malo amdima masamba omwe amakula.

Maluwa akuluakulu amakhala pamwamba pa tsinde la kukongola kopanda pake
Kukula masentimita 9-10 kuchokera pachimake pa tsamba limodzi kupita kwina. Amawoneka kukhala othokoza kwambiri ndi mitundu yowala. Akakutidwa ndi inflorescence yooneka ngati nthomba, pomwe maluwa pafupifupi 5-6, amamasulidwa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi. Chidutswa chilichonse, chopangidwa ndi matulu 6 otseguka, chimapangidwa ndi chubu chokulungika. Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi kukula kwake ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe. Kujambula mitundu inayake kumatha kukhala monophonic, wamtundu wina - mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ma Acidanters omwe ali ndi utoto woyera ndi kuwala kwa peyala ndi zachikhalidwe, koma kusankha kwake ndikotakata: utoto wonyezimira, wotuwa wa lilac, mkaka wamkaka ndi wachikasu.

Acidanthera amayamba kutulutsa mochedwa: Ogasiti-Seputembala, koma akupitiliza mpaka woyamba kutentha. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi lalitali lokhala ndi nthangala zazing'ono zambiri.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma Acidanters

Chithunzi cha maluwa Acidanthera Muriel cha maluwa

Kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yonse ya ma acid monga chikhalidwe kumawonekera chifukwa kuphatikiza pakumera poyera ngati mbewu yofesedwa m'munda, itha kubzalidwa munyumba komanso wowonjezera kutentha. Anthu ochulukirachulukira okonda ma acidic akufuna kuwona kutulutsa kwachikhalidwe chokongola ichi pachaka chatsopano. Ndipo ngakhale kutulutsa kwake kumakhala kovuta kuposa, mwachitsanzo, ma tulips ndi mababu ena, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuti mu wowonjezera kutentha kwanu kumayambiriro kwamaluwa anu obiriwira.

Inde, chilengedwe chotere sichimadutsa popanda kufunsa momwe zinthu zikukula. Nyengo zanyengo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba zobiriwira. Sitingatsimikizire kuti chilimwe sichidzakhala mvula kapena kuzizira. Mavuto ngati amenewa sangalole acidantra kutulutsa maluwa. Kutengera mphamvu yakuwunikira ndi kutentha kwa nyengo ndi kukhazikika kwawo, zimayika zinthu zina zingapo kuti malimidwe a maluwa azikongoletsa maluwa.

Zofunikira kukula

Kukula ma acidants kutchire komanso chithunzi cha kunyumba

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakukhudza bwino ma acid mumunda ndi kusankha kwa dzuwa. Izi ndichifukwa chakubadwa kwa duwa - yotentha ndi dzuwa la ku Africa. Malowa akhale opanda phokoso, otetezedwa ku mphepo.

Ngati mukufuna kukula "gladiolus onunkhira" ngati chomera
Ndikofunika kuyiyika pazenera lakumwera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kosagunda sikugone. Ngati ndi kotheka (makamaka nthawi yozizira) pangani mapangidwe obiriwira kumbuyo kwa phytolamp. M'chilimwe, mutha kuyika mphika wazomera pa khonde. Acid acid yakunyumba imatetezedwa ku zojambula ndipo imakhala yotsimikizika kutentha pang'ono kozungulira madigiri 20.

Acidanthera Muriel mumphika

Mfundo yachiwiri yomwe kutsindika kumakhala ndikusankha dothi. Ziyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono, pazovuta kwambiri, osalowerera. Ndikofunika kuyambitsa ziwonetsero. Acidanthera angayamikire dothi labwino, labwino kwambiri, lozama kwambiri. Kuopsa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumathetsedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, onetsetsani kuti mwapanga ngalande yabwino. Mutha kukula "gladiolus onunkhira" papulogalamu yokwezedwa.

Ngati mungaganize zakula acidanthera kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lamunda kapena kukonzekera gawo lapansi lopuma, lopuma:

Sodomu - magawo awiri;
Mchenga - gawo limodzi;
Leaf humus - 1 gawo.

Ngati acidantra yadzalidwa m'mabokosi, kutalika kwa 12-20 masentimita pakati pa toyesa kumayang'aniridwa, kubzala kamodzi, poto yokhala ndi mainchesi 12-16 cm ndiyabwino, palibenso, popeza kuchulukana kwa nthaka yaulere sikungamuthandize. Chiwembu Cholimbikitsidwa: Mababu a 3-5 m'munda umodzi.

Zomwe zikuchitika: Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusintha malo omwe amafikira "gladiolus onunkhira" pambuyo pazaka 5.

Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro cha acidanthera

Acidantera chithunzi kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Ndi kubzala mumsewu, dothi limasinthika kugwa, pasadakhale, osasiya ntchitoyi mpaka masika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyambitsa feteleza wachilengedwe m'nthaka (mwachitsanzo, kompositi). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka, chifukwa ntchito udzu, peat, udzu, humus. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani mchenga, ngalande. Chapakatikati, dothi limakumbidwa pamodzi ndi feteleza wa mineral ndikubzala m'mwezi wa Meyi. Zochitika nyengo: nyengo yofunda pakati panjirayi imakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi.

Kukonzekera pasadakhale kuti mudzabzala, corms ndi acidanters ndizofunikanso. Ndondomeko ikuchitika masiku angapo tsiku loti lisanachitike. Mulinso njira zosavuta zotsatirazi:

Ziphuphu zimayesedwa, kutsukidwa mosamala kuchokera ku chipolopolo chowuma.
Amakhala mu potaziyamu permanganate. Kufufuza mu njira yofooka yokhazikika kumakhala njira yoteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo.

Mababu a "gladiolus onunkhira" obzalidwa pansi kuti akuya mozama: 10-12 cm.
Kuzama koteroko kudzawapulumutsa ngati pakuzizira usiku. Kukula kwa mtunda pakati pa mababu a acidanthera kudzakhala gawo lowonjezera: kwa ma corms apakati, mtunda ndi 1520 cm; motero, amawonjezedwa akulu ndikuchepetsedwa kwa toyesa pang'ono. Kuti acidantra ikhale bwino komanso yophuka, nthawi yokhala ndi maluwa ena iyenera kukhala yosachepera 20 cm.

Momwe mungabzala acidifier, onani vidiyo:

Acidanthera imatha kupitilizidwa ndikupanga maluwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chaichi, ma corms sanabzalidwe pabala, koma m'mapoto, mozungulira March. Pokhapokha pazoyenera kuwerengedwa denser ndi kukula kwa recess pansi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa - 3-4 cm. Zomera zazikulu zimabzalidwe kumapeto kwa Meyi.

Ngati mbewuyo ili mkati, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu imakhalamo mumphika, ndikuwonjezereka kumachitika mchaka m'nthaka yatsopano, malinga ndi malamulo ofanana ndi omwe adachita kale.

Kulima kunja ndi chisamaliro cha acidanthera

Kodi masamba a Acidanthera amawoneka bwanji

Acidanthera safuna kusamalidwa. Amasowa kuthilira nthawi zonse, koma kuchuluka kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwake kumatengera nyengo. Musalole kuti dothi liume, nthawi yomweyo muziwunika kuchoka kwanyengo, kupewa madzi akusowa, apo pena acidifier akhoza kufa. Angapo amachepetsa kuthirira nthawi yamaluwa.

Manyowa dothi, ngati likwaniritsa zofunika, kangapo panthawi ya kukula:

Pa ikamatera;
Nthawi yakula: kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa msipu wobiriwira;
Panthawi yophukira kuti muchepetse maluwa.

Kutsegulira nthaka sikusamalilidwa, makamaka ikagwa mvula yambiri, kuti mbewuyo ikukula bwino. Ndipo popewa kutulutsa madzi achinyezi ndi michere m'nthaka, mulching ingakuthandizeni. Udzu wodulidwa kumene, peat, humus ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mulch. Pofuna maluwa kwathunthu, inflorescence yozizira iyenera kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimathandizanso kulimbikitsa mababu.

Nthawi yamaluwa ikatha, ndikofunikira kuthandiza acidifier kuti idutse. Kusiyana kwa mtunduwu ndi mababu ena ndikuti sikungachite payekha. Kuti muchite izi, kudula mlengalenga mwa tsinde la mbewuyo, kusiya masamba akumunsi osakhazikika.

Kusiyana pakati pa kusamalira mbewu zakunyumba ndikukonzekera nthawi yopuma. Ma Acidants samakumba ma corms, ayenera kusungidwa m'nthaka, koma kuthirira amasiya.

Momwe mungakumbire acidantra

Momwe Mungakumbire Acidanthera

Pambuyo pokonza gawo kumtunda kwa chomera, mababu amayenera kupitiliza kukhala pansi kuti apeze mphamvu, apange zopatsa mphamvu. Pokhapokha isanayambike chisanu choyamba ndimene amakumbamo. Kutengera ndi nyengo ya nyengo, nthawi imeneyi imatha kuyamba mu Seputembala komanso kumapeto kwa Novembala.

Kumbani "gladiolus" onunkhira bwino ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, ndi malo ambiri opezeka, kuti asawononge babu a mbewu. Zikatha kupanga, bulb imatsukidwa pansi ndikuuma. Zowuma, zinthu zotsatirazi ndizofunikira: kutentha kwa madigiri 20 komanso kuwongolera kwambiri mpweya.

Nthawi yowuma ndiyitali - 1 mwezi. Ngati ndi kotheka, chifukwa cha prophylaxis, chimacho chimatha kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides - anti-mold ndi zowola kukonzekera. Njira yowuma imatsirizidwa ndikumatsuka kwa mababu kuchokera mamba, ndipo kwa iwo nthawi yozizira imayamba.

Zisanu

Corm acidanthera amatha nthawi yozizira, kukhala mwachindunji pansi. Ndikofunika kuti mulch nthaka. Zida zoyenera ndi peat, singano, masamba. Mutha kuwonjezera ndikuphimba ndi nthambi za fir, makatoni. Ndiye kuti chisanu sichidzamuwopa. Koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti padzakhala kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi nthaka youma.

Nthawi zina ngakhale thaw laling'ono pakati pa dzinja limatha kuwononga acidifier, chifukwa ngati kutentha kosakonzekera, chinyontho cha nthaka chitha kuchuluka. Mababu odzazidwa ndi chinyezi chochepa amadzizirira ndikufa ndikuzirala kwina. Kuti mupewe izi zowopsa ndikupanga nyengo yozizira.

Zouma zomwe zoumbidwa zimatengedwa kuchokera ku acidaceans m'matumba a pepala. Ndi pepala ngati zofunikira zomwe zimatha kupereka zinthu zokhazikika, kuteteza chodzala cham'tsogolo pazinthu zoyipa: chinyezi, kuwala. Mwinanso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sandbox yopangira nyengo yachisanu. Mababu amasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda - pafupifupi madigiri 15, m'malo owuma komanso opumira. Kwa mbewu zamkati, kutentha pang'ono pocheperako madigiri 12 ndikofunikira.

Kuswana

Acidanthera imatha kufalitsidwa ndi njira yofesedwa, koma imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo sikuti imachita bwino nthawi zonse.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, muyenera kufesa mbewu za mbande kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Nthaka, yopangidwa ndi dothi lamchenga, mchenga ndi peat, ndikofunikira kupaka uvuni mu uvuni kuti mupeze chitetezo china ku mabakiteriya komanso majeremusi.
Mbande zimamera zowala bwino, m'chipinda chofunda (+20 - + 25C), pansi pa filimuyo, nthawi ndi nthawi kumwaza madzi kuchokera pamfuti yopopera.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera.
Masamba olimba atayamba kuphukira, mbewuzo zimadumphira m'madzi ena, pomwe zimakula kwa zaka ziwiri.
Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, maluwa oyamba omwe mudzawone patatha zaka ziwiri, osati kale.

Acidanthera amapereka ana ambiri

Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa odziwa maluwa amakonda kubala ndi ana, zomwe zingabzalidwe kunyumba m'mwezi wa Marichi mumphika, ndipo zibzalidwe nthawi yotentha zimatha kuphuka kale. Mababu a mwana wamkazi, angapo a iwo amapangidwa, amasiyanitsidwa mu kugwa pokumba ma corms a chomera chachikulu. Pali ambiri aiwo pa bulb ya amayi ndipo sizovuta kuwapatula.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa acidanthera ndi ana

Ana amafunika kuti abzalidwe osazama kwambiri, kuyesera kulowa osaposa awiri diameter.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Tizilombo toopseza acid acid m'mundamo - nkhono, slugs, nsabwe za m'masamba. Ngati mungadumphe gawo loyambirira la tizirombo, zobiriwira za mbewuzo sizivutika kwambiri. Njira yabwino ndikuchita prophlaxis ndi otetezeka, otchuka ambiri (ammonia, mpiru ufa). Zomera zoyambirira zikaoneka, mankhwala othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito (Fufanon tizirombo kapena ena), ndipo masamba owonongeka amachotsedwa.

Mwa matenda, zowola, komanso kwa onse omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, ndiwopsa kwambiri. Masamba okhudzidwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa dzimbiri, mawanga amdima. Kusamalira moyenera mababu ndi fungicides kungathandize - kupewa matenda (mwachitsanzo, Fitosporin-M). Koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito 1% Bordeaux fluid, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngakhale patadutsa matendawa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutsatira njira yothirira, chinyezi cha nthaka ndikamakula chomera chokongola ichi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kuwola.

Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu ya acidants

Acidantera awiri toni kubzala ndi chithunzi chisamaliro

Pali mitundu 40 yodabwitsa mu mtundu wa Acidanter. Posachedwa (mu 2010), maluwa amakono adayamba kuigawa ngati gulu la gladioli, koma olima maluwa ndi onse omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zokongoletsera zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lodziwika bwino. Komanso m'mabuku aliwonse azikhalidwe, pazinthu zanyumba, mupeza dzina loyambirira. Acidanthera bicolor (lat. Acidanthera bicolor) - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe idalandiridwa kwambiri. Kunena zoona, duwa limatchedwa gladiolus Muriel (lat. Gladiolus muliela).

Chomera chokongola modabwitsa ichi chimatha kutalika masentimita 120, pomwe masamba ambiri amakula mpaka 50 cm ndi kupitilira. Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka komanso mawonekedwe a xiphoid. Chifukwa cha masamba oterewa a acidanthera, mamvekedwe awiri amawoneka bwino ndi malo osakanikirana, omwe amayamikiridwa pokongoletsa maluwa.

Pa chitsamba chimodzi cha gladiolus Muriel mpaka maluwa 10 okulirapo (omwe aliwonse mpaka 10ccm mainchesi) atatsekedwa mokhazikika. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yoyera ngati chipale kapena kirimu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka atatu. Mtundu wodabwitsa umawathandiza kuti azioneka okongola kwambiri, okongola kwambiri, ngati kuti akuwuluka pamwamba pa msipu wobiriwira.

Cha kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kanthawi pang'ono, mutha kuwona momwe masamba oyera amatumphukira kunja, ndikuwulula zokongola kuchokera ku malo akuda amtundu wakuda, chipinda chofiirira chakuda, chomwe chimasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu waukulu. Potengera mawonekedwe ake, pakati pawo amafanana ndi msambo. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa a acidaceans okhala ndi mitundu iwiri amakhala ndi fungo labwino, lokopa ambiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti acidanthera imayikidwa ngati mtundu wa gladiolus, womwe ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yonse yomwe imatha kuzizira nyengo yamakedzana ku Russia. Koma kwenikweni, kusamalira duwa sikumapereka izi: amafunikira kukumba yozizira ndi zina zofunika kuzisunga.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya acidanthera yodziwika bwino pakukongoletsa minda, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.

Acidanthera tropical (lat.Acidanthera aequinoctialis)

Acidanthera otentha Acidanthera aequinoctialis

Dzina lina ndi Trrop Gladiolus (lat. Gladiolusaequinoctialis). Woimira wamkulu - amakula mpaka masentimita 130. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi masamba a 5-6 ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe apakati. Maluwa omwewo ndi oyera pamtundu wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira.

Acidanthera malistifolia (lat.Acidanthera graminifolia)

Chithunzi cha Acidanthera acridifolia Acidanthera graminifolia chithunzi

Dongosolo lachiwiri malinga ndi magulu amakono ndi maluwa a gladiolus (Latin Gladiolus floribundus).Ubwino wosiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe awa ndi masamba - ndi ochepa komanso owonda, ofanana ndi mbewu monga chimanga, omwe adalipatsa dzina loti - "udzu-udzu". Maulendo owonda kwambiri amapereka kukoma mtima kwapadera kwa mtundu uwu wa acidifier. Choponya pafupifupi chosavunda chimalola maluwa oyera oyera ngati amenewa kuti akhale oyera.

Acidanthera lowiflora (lat.Acidanthera pauciflora)

Chithunzi cha Acidanthera-maluwa otsika a Acidanthera pauciflora

Ili ndi dzina lina - gladiolus imakonda maluwa (Latin Gladiolus floribundus). Palibe kusiyana kwa masamba kuchokera ku deciduous acidantra, nawonso atypical, koma maluwa amasiyanasiyana mu utoto - awa ndi ofiira.

Acidanthera capa (lat.Acidanthera capensis)

Acidanthera capa Acidanthera capensis chithunzi

Dzina lina ndi Ixia paniculata (lat. Ixia paniculata). Chochititsa chidwi ndi mitsinje yofiirira pamiyala.

Acidanthera loyera (lat.Acidanthera Candida)

Chithunzi cha Acidanthera oyera Acidanthera Candida

Mu gulu lamakono kwambiri - oyera gladiolus (lat.Gladiolussocius). Ili ndi tsinde lolunjika, pamwamba pake pomwe pamayera maluwa oyera. Ziphuphu zilibe mawonekedwe owonjezera, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala okongola bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa acidanthera uli ndi fungo lamphamvu.

Acidanthera Wachinayi (lat.Acidanthera fourcadei)

Chithunzi cha Acidante Fourcade Acidanthera chachinayi

Dzina lamakono la Geissoriz Fourcade (Geissorhizafourcadei). Ili ndi pinki yapadera kwambiri, yofiirira pang'ono. Utoto wotere ndi wosowa kwenikweni ndipo umayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chokongoletsera maluwa. Koma mtundu uwu wa acidanthera sungadzitame pa kuchuluka kwa maluwa - alipo amodzi kapena awiri okha.

Acidanthera popanga mawonekedwe

Acidanthera ndi mawonekedwe ake oyengedwa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a malo aliwonse m'mundamu mopanda kuzindikira. Kutengera zomwe mukufuna, zibzalidwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Mukubzala kosakanizika, acidantra imabweranso pazomera zina zomwe sizimagwira. Itha kukhala poyambira komaliza pakupanga maluwa.
Zobzala zamagulu zimawoneka zokongola motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa udzu.
Kubzala kosakanikirana - miyala yokhala ndi miyala, mapiri otsetsereka.
Kongoletsani ndikumapatsa kununkhira kosangalatsa kwa mabedi a maluwa ndi kuchotsera. Malo - m'malo opumira, ma verandas.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, acidanthera imagwira ntchito popanga mipanda, mipanda yaying'ono.
Imawonjezera mawonekedwe okongola a maiwe okumba.
Itha kubzala ngati mmera wowotchera, imawoneka yokongola m'mbale zamaluwa, maluwa oyenda mumisewu.

Kodi acidantra imawoneka bwanji m'magulu akukhazikika?

Kupewa acidantera ndi anthu ena okhala m'munda wamaluwa nthawi yobzala mosakaniza, mbewu zotsalira zomwe sizikuyenda bwino ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: begonia, kakombo wa chigwa, alissum ndiabwino kwambiri. Mwa mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu amasankhidwa: host, brunner, heicher. Kuphatikizika kwabwino kumawonetsedwa ndi woyimilira woyenera wamtunduwu mogwirizana ndi aconite, sage, aster.

Acidanthera sawonetsa kukongola kwakunja kokha, komanso fungo labwino labwino, lomwe adalandira dzina lachiwiri "gladiolus onunkhira". Kununkhira kwakukulu sikuwoneka kolemera komanso kosasangalatsa, zolemba za uchi ndi zipatso zimapangitsa kununkhira kosangalatsa komanso kwapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, acidanthera amadziwika kuti ndi chikhalidwe chodulidwa, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti si mitundu yonse yomwe ili ndi fungo lamphamvu.