Chomera chowola amorphophallus (Amorphophallus) ndi wa banja la Ariid (Araceae). Amachokera ku Indochina. Dzinali limakhala ndi mawu achi Greek, "Amorpho" amatanthauza "wopanda mawonekedwe" ndi "Phallus" - "mbadwa, pulumuka." Mbewuyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a cob inflorescence.
Chomera ichi ndi ephemeroid (wokhala ndi nthawi yochepa). Chifukwa chake, nthawi yake yopuma imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yake, ndipo imatha kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. M'nthaka amamera tuber, yemwe amafanana kukula ndi mphesa, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 5. Tsinde lobiriwira, m'malo mwake limakhala lofanana ndi thunthu la kanjedza limakula chimodzimodzi kuchokera ku tuber. Pa thunthu limamera pepala limodzi lokhazikika mita imodzi. Imapaka utoto wonyezimira, ndipo pamwamba pake pali madontho oyera. Tsamba limakhala patart ndipo limadina kawiri. Pali petiole yopanda kanthu.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa pepala lotereli ndi miyezi yochepa chabe. Chifukwa chake, limakula, monga lamulo, mu masabata omaliza a Marichi, ndipo pakati pa Okutobala limasanduka chikaso ndikufa. Chaka chilichonse, tsamba limaphukira pang'ono ndipo limayamba kufalikira.
Maluwa amakula kumapeto kwa nthawi yadzuwa komanso tsamba latsopano lisanaphuke. Chomera chimaphuka pafupifupi theka la mwezi, koma ngakhale mizu yatsopano isanakhazikike, imatha. Pak maluwa, kukula kwa tuber kumakhala kocheperako. Ndipo zonse chifukwa kakulidwe ndi duwa limadya zipatso zambiri, zomwe zimatengedwa ku tuber. Motere, mbewu ikafota, imakhalanso ndi nthawi yayifupi yopumira (pafupifupi masabata 3-4). Ikamaliza, tsamba lamamba limayamba kukula. Zimachitika kuti matalala nthawi yayitali maluwa atatha pafupifupi chaka (mpaka nyengo yamasika). Ngati duwa layamba kupukutidwa, ndiye kuti maluwa atatha, chipatso chimayamba kukula, kuphatikiza ndi zipatso zamtundu womwe mbewuzo zidakhalamo. Kuphatikiza apo, pakukula kwa zipatso, mayi wachomera amafa. Chomera chimatchulidwanso "duwa losangalatsa". Izi ndichifukwa choti ili ndi fungo lapadera lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi fungo la mtembo wopukutidwa wa mbewa kapena nsomba yowola. Komabe, fungo lotereli silimachokera kwa nthawi yayitali, 1 kapena 2 masiku okha. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imadziwitsa tizilombo touluka tomwe duwa limatsegulira. Maluwa aamuna, monga lamulo, amatsegula pang'ono pang'ono kuposa maluwa achikazi; motere, chomera chimadzipukusa mungu kwambiri. Pukutira, ndikofunikira kuti mbewu ziwiri zokha ziyambe kuphuka nthawi imodzi.
Kusamalira amorphophallus kunyumba
Kupepuka
Imafunikira kuunikira kowala, koma nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kusokonezedwa.
Mitundu yotentha
M'miyezi yotentha, kutentha kwa chipinda wamba kumakhala koyenera kwa iye. Panthawi yonse yopuma, mufunika kuzizira (kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 13).
Chinyezi
Imafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. M'pofunika kuti mwakachetechete chomera mwakathithina.
Momwe mungamwere
Panthawi ya kukula kwambiri, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala ochulukirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, osaloleza kuti madzi awonekere pa tuber nthawi yothirira. Masamba akamwalira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mbewu zatsopano zikayamba kukula, muyenera kudyetsa kawiri pamwezi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi michere (mosiyanasiyana). Muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti chomera choterocho chimangofunika phosphorous yambiri. Kuti tuber ikhale yochuluka mu nthawi yochepa, kuvala mwadongosolo kukufunika, pomwe feteleza akuyenera kukhala ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu, zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 3: 1: 2 kapena 4: 1: 1. Ngati tuber ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira humus mu nthaka yogulidwa kuti ikhale yodziyimira (gawo limodzi). Musanagwiritse feteleza m'nthaka, akatswiri amalangiza kuthirira madziwo bwino.
Nthawi yopumula
Zomerazi zimangofunika nthawi yopumira. Pokonzekera kuzizira, masamba onse amafa. Panthawiyi, tikulimbikitsanso kukonzanso mphika wamaluwa m'malo odera bwino komanso abwino. Kachitidwe hydration amafunikira. M'masiku omaliza a Marichi, ma tubers amafunika kuwaika, kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ikuluikulu ya izi kuposa yoyamba. Ngati zowola zaoneka pa tuber, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka. Tengani mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri ndikudula mosamala mbali yomwe yakhudzidwa. Kenako muyenera kuchita kukonzanso kwa kagawo ndi makala owaza ndikusiyira timibulu tija kwa tsiku limodzi pang'onopang'ono kuti ziume. Kenako amorphophallus ingabzalidwe mu osakaniza lapansi watsopano. Ambiri wamaluwa akulangizidwa kuti asasiye tubers mu yosungirako. Masamba atafa kwathunthu, muyenera kuchotsa bwino ma tubers pachidebe, kuchotsa gawo lapansi kwa iwo ndikuyang'ana mosamala. Kenako muyenera kusiyanitsa maina a namwali. Ngati pali mizu yakufa ndi malo owola, ndiye kuti ayenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pa izi, tubers ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo opanda khungu, owuma komanso otentha.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yotsika. Kukonza dothi losakanikirana, humus, peat, turf ndi nthaka yamasamba, komanso mchenga, womwe uyenera kutengedwa pazigawo zofanana, uyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi mbewu, ana, komanso kugawa tuber.
Nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa ndi ana. Nyengo yopumira imayamba masamba a mbewu iyi ikafa. Ndi panthawiyi kuti tubers ayenera kuchotsedwa mu chidebe, kuchotsedwa kwa iwo gawo lonse ndikupatula mwana wamkazi mayina obisalirako. Amasungidwa kuti zizisungidwa m'malo amdima, nthawi zonse owuma komanso ofunda (kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 15) nyengo yonse yachisanu. Zoyenda zikuchitika mu Marichi kapena Epulo.
Ndikothekanso kugawa tuber, koma imodzi yokha yomwe yamera masamba ndioyenera kuchita. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti osachepera 1 impso zotero zimayenera kupezeka pagawo lililonse. Kudula kuyenera kusamala kwambiri, osayesa kuvulaza impso. Kenako, muyenera kukonza magawo, ndipo pamenepa, makala ophwanyika amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Siyani Delenki panja kuti ikayime kwa maola 24. Zitatha izi, dzalani dothi losakaniza. Kuthirira nthawi yoyamba iyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu kawirikawiri. Amorphophallus yotere imayamba kuphuka patatha zaka zochepa.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Monga lamulo, izi mbewu sizigwirizana ndi tizirombo, koma aphid kapena kangaude amatha kukhala pa tsamba laling'ono. Ngati kuthirira ndizambiri, ndiye kuti zowola zimawoneka pa tubers.
Ngati tsamba limayamba kuuma, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo ilibe kuwala kapena kuthirira ndiosakhala bwino. Mtundu wa tsamba utasintha kwambiri, ndiye kuti ukuwala.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Amorphophallus cognac (Amorphophallus konjac)
Maonekedwe a tuber amafanana ndi mpira wopindika, pomwe mainchesi ake ndi 20 cm. Petiole ya tsamba imafikira masentimita 80 kutalika, imapakidwa utoto wamtundu wa azitona, ndipo mawonekedwe owala ndi amdima amapezeka pamwamba pake. Masamba odulira zipatso a Kirisiti amapaka utoto wobiriwira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kumasiyana masentimita 50 mpaka 70. Cob ili ndi chophimba, chomwe chitha kutalika masentimita 25 mpaka 30. Kutalika kwa makutu kumafika theka la mita, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa, imatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 40. Ali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena burgundy. Ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri. Chomera ichi, chikakula pakhomo, nthawi zambiri chimangokhala maluwa, ndipo zipatso zake sizipanga.
Amorphophallus bulbous (Amorphophallus bulbifer)
Tuber imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical, ndipo m'mimba mwake imafikira 7 mpaka 8 cm. Pali tsamba limodzi la 1 petiole, lomwe limafikira masentimita 100 kutalika. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa azitona wakuda, ndipo mthunzi wake umakhala pamwamba pake. Tsamba lamasamba agawika magawo, katatu, ndipo pansi pake pali babu. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwa peduncle sikupitirira masentimita 30. Ndipo kutalika kwa nkhanu ndi masentimita 10-12. Imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira, ndipo mawanga okhala oyera okhala pamutu. Choyambiriracho chimakhala chotalikirapo kuposa kambuku. Mukakula m'nyumba, monga lamulo, mbewuyo imabala zipatso, koma imangokhala maluwa.
Amorphophallus Rivera (Amorphophallus rivieri)
Dawo la tuber limatha kusintha masentimita 7 mpaka 25. Petiole tsamba mbale kutalika ukufika 40 mpaka 80 sentimita. Pamwamba pake pali mawonekedwe a mawanga a bulauni ndi oyera. Pakatikati, tsamba lokhazikika ngati katatu limatha kufika masentimita 100. Magawo omwe tsamba limagawikidwapo amalembedwa mosiyanasiyana. Magawo a dongosolo lachiwirilo ndi owumbiririka ndipo ali ndi wowononga kumtunda. Pali mitsempha ya mtundu wa green. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kumatha kufika masentimita 100. Kutalika kwa bedi ndi masentimita 30. Chophimbacho ndi chonyezimira m'mphepete, kutsogolo kwake kumapangidwa utoto wobiriwira. Chophimbacho ndi chofupikirako kawiri kuposa cob. Monga lamulo, mkati mwa nyumba, chomera chimangokhala pachimake, ndipo zipatso sizipanga.
