Poyang'ana koyamba, chomera chokhala ndi masamba akulu ndikuwota, maluwa okongola onunkhira ngati maluwa ndikuwadabwitsa. Awa ndi Brugmansia, ikamatera ndi chisamaliro poyera kumene amafuna chisamaliro ndi nthawi, koma ntchito yonse iyenera kulipira.
Chikhalidwe chazitali kwambiri, chomwe chimatchedwa "machubu a mngelo" mawonekedwe a maluwa, mwachilengedwe chimawoneka ngati chitsamba chachikulu kapena masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse. Ku Russia, chifukwa cha nyengo ya chisanu, yomwe imapha zomera, kukula kwa brugmansia panja kotheka ndikotheka mu nyengo yotentha. Kale pa 5-7 ° C masamba ayamba kugwa. Kutentha kumayandikira zero kapena kutsikira, gawo lakumaloko limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri limafa. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira m'dzinja mpaka masika, chomera chokongoletsera chimakakamizidwa kukhala m'nyumba.
Kodi mungakulitse bwanji mtengo wa Brugmansia ndikusamalira munthu wokhalamo wokongola wa nkhalango zotentha za South America?
Kubzala ndi kusamalira Brugmansia
Kaya inali sapling kapena munthu wamkulu wa Brugmansia, chomera chomwe chimayenera kugwera pamaluwa masika, izi zisanachitike, zinali zopanda chiyembekezo.
Kubwera kwa kutentha, njira zokongoletsera zam'mera zokhazokha zimayambitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa Brugmansia ukhoza kukonzedwa podzala m'mundamo:
- Ngati mbewuyo inali m'chipinda chotentha nthawi yozizira, imafunika kuumitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, Brugmansia imazolowera pang'onopang'ono mpweya wabwino, tsiku ndi tsiku ndikupititsa "njirayo".
- Pamene nyengo yozizira ya Brugmansia idakonzedwa mu chipinda chozizira kapena chipinda china kutentha kwa +8 ° C, mbewuyo imayenera kubweretsedwa kudziko lapansi, pomwe chitukuko chake chimayambiranso.
Brugmansia ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimakula mwachangu, chifukwa, kuyambira Epulo, pomwe mtengowo uli mumachubu, umayamba kudyetsedwa ndi chisakanizo chokhala ndi nitrogen. Izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba.
Ndipo liti kubzala Brugmansia panja? Itha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mwayi wozizira ukakhala kuti sunathebe. Chapakati pa Russia, nthawi ino sifika mpaka pakati pa Meyi kapena Juni.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungabzalire Brugmansia posankha munthu wokhala m'chilimwe:
- poyera, kuti muthe kuchotsanso chomeracho m'dzinja ndikuyika chizindikiro ndi mpira wamatope mu mphika;
- mumtsuko waukulu kuti mtengowo umakula ngati chikhalidwe cha mphika.
Njira zonsezi zili ndi zabwino komanso zofooka. Chomera chachikulu chimavuta kuchotsa m'nthaka popanda kuwononga mizu ndikuchepetsa mphukira ndi maluwa. Ndipo mumachubu, Brugmansia imafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kuthira manyowa ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu ya mtengo wamaluwa ikukulira, ndipo posachedwa adzafunikira kumuyika wina mchidebe.
Kuti tisunge mphamvu ndikukhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti tisinthe kukongoletsa kwa Brugmansia kungathandize kusankha mitundu yomwe yasankhidwa kwambiri. Ndiwokongola ngati mitengo mpaka 3mlitali, koma ndi yaying'ono ndipo imafunika kudulira pang'ono.
Kusamalira Brugmansia mutabzala m'malo otseguka sanali olemetsa komanso ogwira ntchito, mbewu zikuyang'ana malo achitetezo ndi dzuwa. Izi zikuthandizira kupanga mawonekedwe oyenerera abwino kwa alendo otentha ndikumamupatsa mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa nthawi zonse.
Chofunikanso ndikusankha dothi labwino. Kuti kakulidwe ndi maluwa ambiri akuluakulu, mbewuyo imafunikira chakudya china chophatikizira:
- Gawo 1 loam;
- Magawo awiri a peat;
- 1 mbali inavunda bwino ndikutsukidwa koyipa kwa humus.
Dothi losakaniza musanadzalemo mumphika liyenera kuti lisungunuke ndi kupopera mu uvuni kapena kutaya ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kwa brrugmansia mphika wopaka wa 10-30 malita amafunika, kutengera kukula kwa mizu.
Ngati muyenera kusamalira Brugmansia panja, musanabzala, monga chithunzichi, nthaka yosankhidwa mu dzenjelo imapangidwanso bwino ndi humus ndipo peat imawonjezeredwa ngati ufa wophika, ndipo ngati pangafunika, mchenga umawonjezeredwa.
Samalirani Brugmansia mutabzala panthaka
Mikhalidwe yayikulu kukongola ndi maluwa akutali a Brugmansia ndi:
- kupezeka kwa zakudya za chomera champhamvu chofulumira;
- madzi ambiri;
- nyengo yotentha, momwe kutentha pamwamba +23 ° C kumakhalapo;
- kusowa kwa mphepo yozizira;
- Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Ngati palibe chomwe chimasokoneza kulima Brugmansia, chisamalire chimakhala kuthilira ndi mavalidwe apamwamba ambiri.
Chomera cham'malo otentha chimakumana kwambiri ndi kuuma kwa dothi ndi mpweya, kotero mu nyengo yotentha, Brugmansia imatha kuthiriridwa kangapo patsiku. Koma mtengowo uyenera kumanulidwa mosamala, apo ayi madziwo angawononge maonekedwe okongola a maluwa okongola.
Mu nyengo yamvula ndi yamvula, nthawi yothirira imasinthidwa kuti isagwetse masamba ndi masamba. Brugmansia mumphika wotengedwera m'munda akhoza kudwala chifukwa cha kupunduka kwa nthaka. Kuti izi zisachitike, ndi bwino kungoponya chidebe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a dongo lawo losakhala lamdima.
Zomera zikadzala korona, ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa kuti zidaphuke. Kudyetsa mokwanira ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kungakuthandizeni kuchita izi. Komabe, musaiwale za nayitrogeni ndi kufufuza zinthu. Amathandizira kukula ndi kupereka kuwala kwa greenery ndi maluwa belu. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi zonse, kuyambira nthawi yobzala yotseguka mpaka Seputembala, kusinthanitsa zosakanikirana zamaminidwe ndi michere.
Chizindikiro choti woperekayo azindikire kufunika kwa mtengo wa Brugmansia wa feteleza ndi:
- kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbale zamapepala;
- kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa masamba;
- yaying'ono kuposa kale, chiwerengero cha masamba.
Monga mbewu zonse za banja loyandikana nalo, zipatso zazitali zimapangidwa m'malo mwa maluwa ofota a Brugmansia. Ngati sichichotsedwa, thumba losunga mazira limatengera mphamvu zambiri, mtengowo umachepetsa liwiro la mapangidwe.
Brugmansia nyengo yachisanu
Kutentha kochepa ndi kowopsa kwa thermophilic brugmansia, chifukwa chake, osadikirira chisanu, amachotsedwa pansi ndikusamutsira kuchipinda. Brugmansia yozizira kumachitika:
- pa kutentha kwa 5-8 ° C mumdima, ngakhale pansi;
- m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma mpaka 10 ° C, koma pansi pa kuyatsa ndi kuthirira.
Poyamba, mmera uyenera kukhala wokonzekera kusintha kwa moyo wawo, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mphamvu yakuthirira.
Mpaka khumi yachiwiri ya Marichi, ndiye kuti, asanabzalidwe ndi kusamalira Brugmansia panja, chomeracho chidadulidwa. Kuchita koteroko kumapangitsa korona kukhala wophatikika, ndipo maluwa omwe ali pakamphukira ang'onoang'ono akuwonetsetsa kuti kukongola ndi nthawi yayitali.
Brugmansia idatenga "zizolowezi" za m'munda wotchedwa nightshade wodziwika bwino kwa nzika za chilimwe: tsabola ndi biringanya. Sipangokhala mphukira mpaka nthambi zitawoneka pa tsinde.
Chifukwa chake, pakudulira, "mafoloko" oterowo, komanso mphukira zazing'ono zam'mphepete mwa korona ziyenera kutsalira. Nthambi zowonongeka kapena zazitali kwambiri zimatha kuchotsedwa kapena kufupikitsidwa. Ngati Brugmansia pamalopo yakula kuchokera ku tsinde lodulidwa popanda malo okula apamwamba, mutha kudula mbewuyo patatha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pa maluwa oyamba, ndiye kuti, wazaka 2-4.
Kubala brugmansia ndi kusamalira ana ang'onoang'ono
Brugmansia imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi njira zamasamba, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kudzipangira nokha mbewu sikuti kumatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa mikhalidwe ya kholo.
Koma mbewu iyi imakhwima mosavuta ndikumera m'masiku 7- 7 mutabzala. Mbeu zikakula, zimangodikira mbande.
Kufesa dothi labwino lopanga michere kumachitika kuyambira Januware. Mpaka pomwe ziphukira ziziwoneka pamwamba pa dothi, chidebe chimasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kutentha kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C. Panthawi ya misa mphukira, mbewu zimapereka chiwalitsiro ndikuwonjezera chinyezi. Nyowetsani dothi pafupipafupi, kuti lisawume.
Mbande za Brugmansia zitha kuzembera pa masamba 4 enieni. Zomera sizikuopa kuzama ndikuzama kupanga mizu yocheperako, mwachangu mozungulira kuzungulira kwa dothi "lopatsidwa" kwa iwo. Izi zikachitika, mmera umasinthidwira mumphika wokulirapo. Nitrogen, kenako kudyetsa zovuta, kumathandizira kulimbikitsa komanso kukula.
Kudula ndiyo njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yofala kwambiri yopangira brugmansia mukamayang'anira m'nyumba ndi panja. Kuti mupeze mizu, mphukira zokhazikika kapena zosanjidwa bwino ndi ma 2 mkati mwa 20 kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 20. Mutha kupeza zoyenera kubzala kuyambira kasupe mukadulira, mpaka mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Kuti muwoneke mwachangu mizu, kudula ndi masamba owachidwa kumachiritsidwa ndikuwapangitsa chidwi, kenako amawonjezeredwa kukhala osakaniza ndi mchenga-peat wosakaniza kapena kumizidwa m'madzi. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mizu ingatenge miyezi itatu, ndiye kuti zodulidwazo zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika yosiyana. Mbande zitha kusunthidwa ku malo okhazikika akagona masamba a sinus adzuka ndikukula. Mukamasamalira Brugmansia mutabzala panthaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti toyesa zachinyamata ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu kuti asinthe kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amazunzidwa ndi tizirombo.
