Gloxinia yokhala ndi mabelu akulu ndi masamba a pubescent ndi imodzi mwamaluwa omwe amafunidwa kwambiri mkati mwa oyamba ndi alimi odziwa. Malangizo pofalitsa ma gloxinia kunyumba, zithunzi za chisamaliro chomera zikukuwuzani momwe mungadziwitsire nokha pawokha pandalama ndi maluwa owala.
Gloxinia, monga mitundu yawo yapafupi kwambiri, imatha kubereka mwachilengedwe:
- kugwiritsa ntchito pepala kapena gawo lake;
- tsinde kudula kudula kwa wamkulu chomera;
- ndi mizu yoyambira, yomwe mbewu za mwana wamkazi zimapangidwa;
- kugawa tuber.
Sikuti njira zonse ndizofanana mu kuphweka komanso kugwira ntchito, koma zikafika pamitundu yosowa kapena kupulumutsa maluwa omwe mumakonda, muyenera kudziwa momwe gloxinia imafalira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera konse.
Kufalitsa masamba a Gloxinia
Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino, yomwe sikupangitsa kuti mulephere, ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la thanzi ngati chomera.
Ikazika mizu pamiyala ya masamba komanso ngakhale m'mitsempha ikuluikulu, gloxinia imatha kupanga timabowo tating'ono tokhala ndi timinofu tawo.
Kuti muzutse pepala pofalitsa gloxinia, mutha:
- m'madzi, mpaka mizu ikapangidwa kuti ikhale yolandila m'nthaka, kenako mmera umasinthidwa kukhala piritsi kapena peat;
- nthawi yomweyo kubzala tsamba phesi ya peat piritsi kapena kuwala kosakaniza.
Momwe mungafalitsire gloxinia pogwiritsa ntchito phesi?
Choyamba, muyenera kusungira zoyera, makamaka tsamba kapena scalpel yatsopano. Kuchokera chomera chathanzi labwino, tsamba limadulidwa kuti m'munsi mwa tsamba latsalalo pakhale phesi 2-2,5 cm.
Sikoyenera kutenga zakale, kuzimiririka, kapena, m'malo mwake, kungotsegula masamba ang'onoang'ono kuti mufalitsidwe. Ngati gloxinia ndi yaying'ono, masamba "oyamba" aana amakhalabe mumiyeso yotsika - nawonso sioyenera kulandira rosette achinyamata.
Ngati tsamba la gloxinia ndi lalikulu, mutha kulidula mzidutswa ndi mafupa osiyana, kuti mukachulukitsa gloxinia, monga chithunzi, ndikusamalira chomera, mupezanso ana ambiri.
Masamba amatsitsidwa pang'ono m'magalasi owoneka bwino omwe amadzazidwa ndi madzi owiritsa kutentha.
Osalowetsa phesi kulowa mumadzi. Izi zimatha kupangitsa kukula kwa zowola. Ndikokwanira kuti madzi samakuta masentimita angapo kutalika kwake kapena chidutswa cha tsamba.
Kuyambira pamwambapa, kapu yokhala ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino za gloxinia imakutidwa ndi thumba popanda kufinya kapena kuvulaza pepalalo. Nyumba yobiriwira yaying'ono imayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso osawoneka bwino pomwe sipawopsezedwa ndi dzuwa. Mwanjira iyi, pepalali liyenera kukhala kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka itatu mpaka foni yopangika kapena mizu yonse itapangidwe m'mphepete mwa chogwiriracho. M'masiku awa, kusamalira gloxinia kunyumba, monga pachithunzi, pakufalitsa, wowonjezera kutentha wowoneka bwino amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kangapo.
Pambuyo pakupanga mizu ya masentimita, tsamba limatha kuikidwa pansi. Kutengera kuthekera ndi zomwe wokonda akufuna, izi zitha kukhala:
- kusakaniza okonzeka kwa mbewu zakanyumba zochokera pa peat;
- chisakanizo cha sphagnum ndi nthaka yomalizidwa;
- perlite kapena vermiculite;
- mchenga peat gawo lapansi;
- pansi sphagnum.
Tsamba lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa gloxinia lisanalowe mu dothi, mabowo okuchotsera pansi ayenera kupangidwira pansi pa chidebe ndi chosanjikiza 1-3 cm cha polystyrene kapena zinthu zina zosafunikira ziyenera kukonzedwa. Pamwamba ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe limapangidwa bwino.
Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuti zisasunthike komanso kuti zisawononge pepalalo, apo ayi zimakhala kuti malowa m'malo mwake azola msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa pepalalo lonse.
Petiole adayikidwa m'mimba ndi 5-10 mm kuti mizu yopangidwa ndi callus imakutidwa ndi dothi. Kuzama kosapinda kumathandizira kuti zigawo zazing'ono zizidutsamo mwachangu mpaka pamwamba. Ndipo ngati pangafunike, gawo lapansi kuzungulira chogwiriracho limakonkhedwa.
Tsamba lomwe lidabzulidwanso pansi, pamodzi ndi chiwiya momwe mulimo, lidakutidwa ndi chikwama. Kusamalira gloxinia ikachulukitsa kunyumba, monga pachithunzichi, chimatsika ndikukhalitsa ndi mpweya wofatsa pamene gawo lapansi liziuma.
Mtsogolomo, wofesayo azikhala woleza mtima, chifukwa mwana wamkazi woyamba wamwamuna wokhala ndi mutu wocheperako m'munsi amatha kuwonekera pakatha mwezi umodzi kapena pambuyo pake. Nthawi zina ndi ma tubers okha omwe amawonekera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anawo adapita kukabisala, ndipo patapita kanthawi masamba awonekera.
Pambuyo pophunzira kanema wonena za kapangidwe ka tsamba la gloxinia, mutha kudziwa zanzeru zonse za njirayi ndikuwona bwino magawo ake onse. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa zolakwika pakuchita bwino ndikukula kwanu mwachangu maluwa omwe mumakonda.
Kufalikira kwa gloxinia peduncle
Ngati pali chomera m'gulu la maluwa omwe mungafune kufalitsa, koma palibe masamba ambiri pach chitsamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina. Potere, mapesi a maluwa amatengedwa, pomwe maluwa amangofota kumene, ndipo gloxinia imafalikira ngati tsamba.
Kuti mupeze mbewu zing'onozing'ono, ndikokwanira kusiya phesi ya masentimita 5-6. Kuchulukako kumadulidwa ndi tsamba, ndipo peduncle peresenti imamizidwa m'madzi. Njirayi yonse imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi kukula kwa gloxinia pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba.
Njirayi ndi yothandiza pofalitsa gloxinia yamitundu yosowa komanso ma hybrids, popeza mu nkhani iyi pamakhala ngozi zochepa zowonetsa masinthidwe obisika omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a mbewu ndi maluwa.
Kudzala tsinde lapansi gloxinia
Mutha kuzika mizu ndi kutenga chomera kuchokera kumtunda wa tsinde. Zinthu zobzala zotere ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba angapo ndi thunthu la 3 sentimenti kuti imizidwe mu gawo lapansi.
Ndikwabwino kudula zodula kuchokera ku chitsamba chopanda thanzi, chomwe m'mbuyomo chinali pamalo abwino-oyalidwa ndikulandila kuchuluka kwa zakudya ndi chinyezi.
Popeza phesi lalikulu la apical libzalidwe m'nthaka, mphika wokhala ndi masentimita 9 ndi oyenera kufalitsa gloxinia mwanjira iyi. Mitsinje yamphamvu yopanda mainchesi 2 imapangidwa pansi pa thankiyo, ndikuthira pansi, pamtunda pang'onopang'ono, mpweya wabwino ndi madzi.
Poyesera kuti musafooke komanso kuti musawononge, zodulirazo ndizakuya 2 cm mu nthaka, yomwe kale idathiridwa ndi madzi okhazikika pamtunda wofunda. Gawo laling'ono lomwe lili m'munsi mwa tsinde limapangidwa mosavuta kuti lipange mpirawo kuti ukhale wolimba.
Monga kufalikira kwa gloxinia ndi tsamba, mphika wokhala ndi chogwiriracho amaphimbidwa ndi paketi pamwamba ndikusiyidwa ndi kuwala kosalala, kotentha, mpaka chomera chizika mizu. Pakufunika, mbande zimapuma mpweya, ndipo dothi limapukutidwa pang'ono ndi botolo lothira, kuyesera kuti lisakhale pambale ya masamba. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mbewuyo imakhala ndi mizu, ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala njira yolimidwa nthawi zonse.
Kodi kugawa tuber?
Ndikosavuta komanso kowopsa kugwiritsa ntchito tubers pofalitsa gloxinia, popeza kuwoneka kwa zowola pa iwo kapena kuyanika kwawo kumabweretsa zotsatira zosavutikira. Ngoziyi imakulitsidwa ndikuti mabulidwe odulidwa ndiwotalikirapo kuposa magawo obiriwira a chomera, kuyanjana ndikuchira. Pambuyo pokhapokha kukula kwa malo ogulitsira kumayamba pa iwo.
Momwe mungafalitsire gloxinia ndi tuber split? Ndipo ndizinthu zanji zomwe zimasamalidwa posamalira mbewu?
Mwa njira iyi, ndi ma tubers akulu okha omwe ndi oyenera:
- m'mimba mwake osachepera 5 - 6 cm;
- ndi zotanuka bwino popanda zizindikiro zowola, matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena kuwonongeka kwina;
- yokhala ndi mizere yakuuka, komanso bwino ndikumaphukira pafupifupi 2 cm.
Gawani tuber ndi kachidutswa kabowo ka kachilombo ka kachilombo m'magawo kuti gawo lililonse likhale ndi nyongolosi yake kapena yomwe ikukula. Malo omwe amacheka amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yokhazikitsidwa wophwanyidwa kuti akhale ufa kapena, ngati mankhwalawo sakapezeka, okhathamira ndi udzu wobiriwira bwino. Kuti tuber sivulala pang'ono m'nthaka, imayuma ndikuwonjezeranso ndi mitundu yaminda. Njira izi zikuthandizira kupewa mabakiteriya kapena fungal kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zobzala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa gloxinia ndi ma tubers.
Zina mwa tuber, popanda kuzama, zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo lonyowa. Mtsogolomo, kusamalira gloxinia pakufalikira kumakhala kuthirira kolondola kwambiri. Ngati dothi limathiriridwa mowolowa manja, tuber nthawi zambiri limafa.
Pobzala, ndikosavuta kutenga magalasi owoneka bwino kuti aziyang'anira momwe mizu imayambira komanso momwe mizu imakhalira. Pothirira moyenera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito poto ndi madzi ndi chingwe, ndikuthira pansi dothi, tengani syringe ndi singano yayikulu.
Mizu yoyera ikakhala yolimba ndikuthamanga dothi lonse, ndipo mtengo wokhwimira pamwamba pa tuber ukakulirakulira, mbewuyo imasamutsira mumphika wokhazikika.
