Pachilankhulo cha akatswiri otulutsa maluwa, belu limamveka m'malo mwachilendo - "Campanula". Dzinali limachokera ku liwu la Chilatini ndi Chitaliyana "Campana", lomwe limatanthawuza "belu". Ichi ndiye mawonekedwe a belu nimbus. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake amadziwika mdziko lathu pansi pa dzinali, lomwe limakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu botanical nomenclature.
M'mbiri yonse ya ku Russia, belu lakhala likuwathandizidwa mwachikondi. Apanso izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayina achikondi omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera Campanul m'malo osiyanasiyana: namwino, kabichi, belu, chenille ... Ndipo, malinga ndi chikhulupiriro chakale, munthu amangolira belu kamodzi pachaka - usiku wamatsenga dzulo usiku wa Ivan Kupala .
Kufotokozera
Mu chomera cha belu losatha, mawonekedwe osavuta kapena nthambi zazing'ono zazikulu kufika kutalika kwa 5-150 cm. Masamba amakhala ndi ndondomeko yanthawi zonse, mwa mitundu ina imaperekedwa mwa mtundu wa rosette. Mitundu yambiri ya mabelu imakhala ndi maluwa osokoneza, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pali mbewu zomwe mitengo ya inflorescence ndi imodzi.
Mitundu ya mbewu iyi imatha kukhala yosiyana mu corolla, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba, ooneka ngati belu, mawonekedwe ooneka ngati belu. Zosintha zina zowonjezera ndizocheperako komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ngati tayala;- kumapeto kwa maluwa, chipatso chimacha ngati bokosi. Ili ndi nthangala zazing'ono zambiri zomwe zimapitilira kumera kwa zaka 4. Gramu imodzi yokha ya kulemera kwake imakhala mbewu 4,500;
- Mabelu am'munda ndi mbewu zobiriwira nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthekera kwawo koteteza masamba nthawi yakula. Mwanjira ina, mabelu amayamba kukula pang'ono pa kutentha kwa 5 digiri Celsius, ndipo kusintha kwa matalala kumachitika chisanu woyamba utayamba.
Mitundu ya mbewu iyi imatha kukhala yosiyana mu corolla, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba, ooneka ngati belu, mawonekedwe ooneka ngati belu. Zosintha zina zowonjezera ndizocheperako komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ngati tayala;Kukula
Mwakutero, maluwa osatha imatha kumera panthaka iliyonseKomabe, pano ali ndi zomwe amakonda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pamadothi osamalidwa bwino opangira madzi okwanira, osalowerera kapena pang'ono pang'ono zamchere ndikupatsidwa zakudya zofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, ma dage kapena ma dragege drage amakonzedwa kuti athetse vuto la kukhetsa madziwo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mokulira, chifukwa chinyezi pachaka nthawi yachisanu imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pamalowo, popeza pamakhala ngozi yozizira ndi kuzizira. Ma belo osayenera kulima m'minda ndi malo omwe chinyontho chimadziunjikira pakagwa mvula kapena nthawi ya chipale chofewa.
Amakonza malowo kuti abzale belu pasadakhale: chifukwa ndikofunikira kukumba pansi ndikuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndikuchotsa udzu wonse;- dongo lolemera ndi dothi loamy limafuna mchenga ndi peat. Popeza kuti madera oterewa muli kuchuluka kwa michere yokwanira, mutha kudziunjikira feteleza wocheperako;
- Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kokwanira pamene mukubzala belu la m'munda mu dothi lotayirira komanso lamchenga lokhala ndi humus pang'ono. Ayenera kuthiridwa ndi dothi la pefy, peat, humus kapena dothi lonyowa;
- mwatsopano peat ndi manyowa siziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa mwinanso zingapangitse matenda a fungus.
Amakonza malowo kuti abzale belu pasadakhale: chifukwa ndikofunikira kukumba pansi ndikuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndikuchotsa udzu wonse;Mukabzala maluwa osatha a mabelu, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu imatha kumera yokha yokha osatenga mbali komanso pang'ono zamchere nthaka.
- podzala belu la ndevu komanso mbewa, mudzakonzekera malo omwe dothi lokhala ndi acidic liyenera kupezekapo;
- Mitundu yobiriwira yamtchire yamtundu wam'madzi, malo achilengedwe omwe ndi miyala yamiyala yamtengo wapatali, imadzimva bwino m'malo a dothi lamchere. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kubzala, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa limu pang'ono m'nthaka.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa belu umaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasiyana osati malo, komanso zina.
Bell Carpathian
Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri pamiyala yopanda chidwi komanso kumtunda kwamapiri a ku Europe. Kuchokera pamakhalidwe a morphological ndikofunikira kuwunikira fibrous yoyera mizu. Mtengowo umakhala wamtali 20-30 cm, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka, chifukwa choti chitsamba chimapeza mawonekedwe ake ozungulira. Masamba ooneka ngati mtima amapezeka pa petioles zazitali. Lalikulu kwambiri - masamba oyambira, ofika masentimita 5, masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala pamitengo.
Ma inflorescence amakula okha, amakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu, zomwe zimafikira kutalika ndi kutalika kwa 3. cm. Kutulutsa kwa belu kwamtunduwu kumayambira mu Juni-kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, koma mkati mwa Seputembala kumayamba kuzimiririka. Nthawi yonseyi, maluwawo amakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino. Pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala, mbewu zimayamba kukhwima, zomwe zimasunga kumera kwakukulu (mpaka 90%). Kuchedwa kukolola, mbewu zimatha kufalitsa podzilimitsa.
Belu la Nettle
Malingaliro awa akupambana. M'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi ku Europe, Western Siberia, North Africa. Chomera chimadziwika ndi ambiri ngati belu la wamkulu, boron, khosi lotupa, khosi lopweteka komanso udzu womata, womwe umatha kufotokozedwa ndi machiritso ake, chifukwa amathandizira motsutsana ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Mutha kupanga saladi kuchokera masamba ndi mizu ya belu ili, ndipo masamba achichepere amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu supu ya kabichi.
Campanul belu
Malo okondweretsa a mitunduyi ndi mapiri amtengo wapatali ku Europe. Amakula ngati mtundu waufupi wopanda zokwawa, womwe umapangika ngati 10-18 cm. Maonekedwe a masamba ndiwobiliwira. Maluwa a belu amakhala ndi choyera ndi chabuluu, chikukula, ayi kupitirira 1 cm, yoperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a lotayirira inflorescence. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba pakati pa Juni ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pakati gawo lonse, maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso akuwonetsedwa. Yosavuta kuswana chifukwa chodziyambitsa. Osataya chidwi chawo mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Belu limayenda modutsa
Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyi imapezeka kumpoto, m'nkhalango komanso m'mapiri a Caucasus ndi Asia Minor. Ndomera yayitali, yotalika masentimita 60-100, ili ndi mabulashi ambiri omwe amakongoletsa nthambi yokhala kumtunda.
Maluwa ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo m'mimba mwake mulibe kupitirira 3 cm, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana mkati kuchokera oyera oyera mpakaofiirira, woperekedwa mwanjira ya inflorescence ya piramidi yotentha, imaphatikizapo mpaka mithunzi yosiyanasiyana 100. Zimayamba kutulutsa mu June-Julayi, pomwe maluwa ambiri amatsegulidwa nthawi imodzi. Kubala mu Ogasiti, mbewu zambiri zikayamba kukhwima, zimachulukanso.
Tsamba la pichesi
Mtunduwu wa belu umapezeka kwambiri ku nkhalango ndi m'mphepete mwa Europe, Caucasus ndi Western Siberia. Nyengo isanakhazikike, imawoneka ngati masamba a masamba oyambira, pomwe pakati pa chilimwe chimata cholimba chimakula kutalika kwa 60 cm. Chimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi lanceolate okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Pamwamba penipeni pa tsinde pali miyeso ya maluwa abuluu kapena oyera. Corolla imapangidwa pa duwa, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati belu, imafika m'lifupi mwake 3-3,5 cm. Pali malingaliro pamunda omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa awiri. Maluwa oyambilira amatsegulidwa mu June ndikukongoletsa malowa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Atafota, mphukira zimayamba kukhala mu zipatso zomwe zimawoneka ngati mabokosi okhala ndi mbewu zambiri, zomwe zimafika msinkhu wokhwima mu Ogasiti-Seputembala. Mitundu ina imatha kubereka kudzera mwa kubereka. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kukulitsa maluwa ndi kuteteza zokongoletsera zake. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunika kupewa kucha kucha, ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa osungika m'nthawi yake. Kuti tipeze mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya masamba ofanana ndi tsamba la pichesi. Chithunzi cha mbewuyo sichosiyana kwenikweni ndi choyambirira.
Bell Pozharsky
Woimira banja nthawi zambiri amakhala pamiyala yopanda chidwi ku Southern Europe ndi Balkan. Nthawi yakula amapanga mapilo owirira ndi kutalika kwa 15-20 cm, yomwe imapangidwa ndi masamba ooneka ngati mtima osakanikirana ndi miyendo yambiri. Mawonekedwe a inflorescences amaupanga-belu lonse, pafupifupi. Maluwa a belu la Pozharsky ali ndi utoto wowala wa maula.
Pomaliza
Belu ndi imodzi mwazomera zokongoletsera zomwe anthu omwe amalimanso maluwa oyamba amamveka. Chomera chilibe ma inflorescence otchuka, koma izi sizimachepetsa chidwi. Mutha kulima belu m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe, koma ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kukafika. Ngakhale chomerachi sichikugwirira nthaka, kupezeka kwa chonde ndi kothandiza kwa belu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusamalira kukhalapo kwa ngalande zapamwamba, chifukwa m'nthaka pouma chomera ichi chimatha kufa.
