Anthuriums, yomwe idabweretsa ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 19, kokha kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza idakopa chidwi cha okonda zamaluwa chamkati. Masiku ano aliyense amene alibe nawo chidwi nthumwi za madera otentha, pali mitundu 30 ndi mitundu 80 ya hybrid ya anthurium.
Mwa mbewu zomwe zakulidwa m'nyumba, sikuyenera kukhala maluwa okhaokha, komanso mipesa yosangalatsa, komanso mitundu yokongoletsera komanso yowoneka bwino, yokopa chidwi osati inflorescence, koma ndi masamba owoneka bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yonse yosavomerezeka iyi ndi anthurium omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino komanso chisamaliro chokhazikika. Popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera kumadera otentha aku South America kuli pafupi kwambiri, chisamaliro chamkati cha anthurium chili ndi zinthu zambiri.
Mitengo yotentha ya kukula kwa anthurium
Ma Anthuriums amaonedwa kuti ndi onyentchera, ndipo ngakhale amazisamalira bwino, amasangalala ndi masamba owala bwino komanso maluwa opupulika. Anthu okhala m'malo otentha amakhazikika pamawindo a nyumba wamba, akumakhutira ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 22 ° C. Mu nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa nyumbayo kumatsika, mu mpweya utakhazikika mpaka 15-17 ° C. Kutsika pang'ono kwa kutentha kumatha usiku, komanso nthawi yozizira, ngati mbewuyo itagwa nthawi yochepa.
Anthurium sakonda kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kukoka ndi kuzizira.
Mukamasamalira anthurium kunyumba, mutha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuvunda kwa mizu pachomera chomwe chili pawindo lozizira. Kuti muchite izi, potoyo imatha kudzutsidwa, kapena kupanga chosanjikiza chithovu pansi pake.
Kuwala kwa Anthurium
Anthuriums omwe amakula pamtunda wa mbewu zazikulu amatha kulekerera mthunzi, ndipo dzuwa lowala amatha kuvutika kwambiri. Malo abwino kwambiri ophukira ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi mawindo akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mutha kupanga malo oyenera okulitsa anthurium pazenera lakum'mwera posinthira mphika kapena kusunthira kutali ndi galasi ndikuzama mu chipindacho.
Pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, anthurium ndiwofunikira kupita kumlengalenga, kupewetsa mbewu kutetezedwa ndi mphepo zamphamvu, kuwunika mwachindunji ndi mvula.
Zomera za bulauni kuyimitsa pambale zowotcha komanso kuyanika kwamdothi kwamtunduwu kumayimira thanzi labwino la mtengowo chifukwa cha dzuwa lowonjezera.
Koma kusowa kwa kuwala kukuwoneka ndi chikasu cha masamba, kutalika kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa malekezowo. Izi zimachitika kumbali yakumpoto, komanso nthawi yozizira. Bungwe lakuwunikira kowonjezera sikuti limangothandiza kukhazikitsa chisamaliro cham'nyumba anthurium, komanso limathandizira kuyendetsa kwake.
Kuthirira anthurium kunyumba
Oyamba maluwa nthawi zina amakhala ndi lingaliro lolakwika kuti zomera zotentha zimafuna kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Ndipo chifukwa cha chisamaliro cholakwika chotere, anthuriam kunyumba amavutika ndi chinyezi chambiri. M'malo mwake, kuthirira mbewu za banja la Aroid, ndikofunikira kudziwa muyeso.
Kuthirira kwambiri komanso zomwe zili ndi ziweto zobiriwira m'malo oyanika ndizovulaza.
Nthawi yomweyo, kufutukula dothi kumakhala kowopsa, chifukwa kungayambitse kuzungulira kwa mizu komanso kukula kwa vuto lomwe lachedwa. Chifukwa chake, makamaka mu anthurium omwe ali m'chipinda chozizira, chinyezi chomwe chalowa mu palletcho chimayenera kuchotsedwa. Pakati pa kuthirira, dothi lapamwamba liyenera kukhala louma.
M'masiku otentha a chilimwe komanso m'chipinda chotenthetsera, ngati duwa lakulira pansi pa kuunikira kwanyumba, chisamaliro chamkati mwa anthurium ziyenera kuphatikizapo kuthilira kawirikawiri komanso kuchiritsa masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa. Kuchita koteroko sikungangowongolera mawonekedwe a mbewu, komanso kuthandizira kupuma kwake.
Zomera zimayankha movuta kwambiri kwa kuthirira kwamadzi, komanso kuthirira kwambiri, mwa mawonekedwe a mawanga akuda kapena a bulauni pambale ya masamba.
Zotsatira zolakwika zotere posamalira, anthurium kunyumba amakula, ndipo masamba omwe akhudzidwa sangathenso kugwira ntchito yake. Mutha kufewetsa chinyezi powonjezera asidi pang'ono ya citric. Pa kuthirira gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, okhazikika kapena osungunuka.
Chinyezi cha Anthurium
Chofunika kwambiri kuposa chinyezi cha nthaka, anthurium ndikofunikira kuti chinyezi chikhale zambiri mlengalenga.
Kuti apange zinthu zomwe zikukula pakufunika kwa anthurium, ndikofunikira kusamalira chinyezi chamlengalenga pa 75-85%. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- kuthilira gawo lobiriwira ndi madzi ofunda;
- nyumba zowanyengerera;
- Njira zopitilira muyeso, kuphatikiza kuyika mphika ndi chomera mu pallet yodzazidwa ndi miyala yonyowa.
Popewa masamba kuti asadetsedwe kapena kuda- tsitsidwa m'chipinda chozizira, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuuma kwawo. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ku inflorescences, nthawi zambiri akuvutika ndi chisamaliro chachipinda chosayenera cha anthurium. Musalole kuti madzi alowe masamba azodzikongoletsa omwe anthuriums, omwe sanasunthike, koma masamba a matte.
Panyengo yotentha, mitundu ndi mitundu ya anthurium yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mpweya wouma imatha kusamutsidwa pafupi ndi magwero amadzi, mwachitsanzo, kum akasupe okongoletsera m'malo osambira bwino.
Zofunikira za dothi la Anthurium
Kuti, monga mu chithunzi, anthurium atulutsa bwino, akukula ndi kubereka zipatso kunyumba, amafunikira gawo lapansi lopepuka komanso pH ya magawo a 5.5-6.0. Popeza mizu yamitundu yambiri ya anthurium imasinthidwa kuti idye chinyezi ndi michere ndi mpweya komanso tinthu tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala mumiyendo ndi mizu yamitengo yayikulu, sikhala omasuka pamtunda wakuda komanso wolemera ndipo amatha kuwola.
Kupanga dothi kusakaniza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- peat yayitali, yoyeretsa zakunja zakunja;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga;
- khungwa la mtengo wotumphukira, lomwe kale lidawiritsa ndi kulidula.
Magawo awiri okhala ndi peat adzafunika gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi khungwa. Makala opaka amatha kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka, zomwe sizingakhudze kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zosakanikirana, komanso zothandiza kupukusa dothi. Chowonjezera chabwino cha epiphytic anthuriums ndi sphagnum moss ndi perlite, kumasula dothi lililonse lomwe lakonzedwa kale.
Zambiri zodzala, kuthirira komanso kupanga zina pamalowo ziziwonetsa vidiyoyi za momwe angasamalire anthurium kunyumba. Kukhala ndi malingaliro oyambira okhudzana ndi moyo wa chikhalidwe chotentha, komanso kuyesera kutchera khutu pafupipafupi, mutha kusilira anthu m'nyumba mwa nthawi yayitali ndi changu chochepa.
Zotengera zabwino za anthuriums zopanga mizu yamphamvu yamlengalenga ndi miphika yaying'ono ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi dzenje loyikira. Mumphika wodzalamo nyumbayo, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi lamphamvu kuti chinyontho chisakhale m'munsi mwa dothi, koma chimachotsedwa.
Ngati mukukula panyumba, anthurium wabzalidwa posakaniza ma orchid, mbewuyo idzafunika kuvala pafupipafupi, kapena dothi losungidwa ndi zotetezedwa liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
Kusamalira mkati mwa anthurium pakukula kwambiri komanso maluwa, pamafunika kudyetsedwa. Njirayi imagwiridwa kawiri pamwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kale kapena kusintha zina ndi zina zama michere. Zomera zomwe zimatumizidwa kuti zikapume nthawi yachisanu sizidyetsa panthawiyi, ndipo kuthirira kwake kumachepetsedwa. Koma ndikutalikirana kwa maola masana mpaka maola 12-14, mutha kupeza maluwa mosalekeza. Pankhaniyi, kudyetsa ndi kuthirira sikusintha m'miyezi yozizira.
Anthurium safuna kupatsirana pafupipafupi. Koma mizu ikadzaza mokwanira kuchuluka kwa mphikawo, kunyumba, monga pachithunzichi, anthurium amawayika kukhala chidebe chokulirapo. Kuti muchite izi, anthurium imasinthidwira mumphika watsopano, ndipo mipata kumbali imadzazidwa ndi gawo latsopanolo. Kusintha ndi pamwamba.
Nthawi zambiri, chomera chathanzi, kupatula achinyamata toyesa, ndikuthira chimafunika pambuyo zaka 2-3.
Ndi nkhani ina ngati anthurium akuwonetsa zodwala. Ndikofunikira pano osati kungochotsa dothi, koma kuyeretsa zotsalazo:
- fufuzani mawonekedwe a mizu;
- kudulira mizu yowonongeka;
- magawo okhala ndi makala opera.
Mukamasankha miphika, munthu sayenera kukonda makontena okhala ndi zinthu zochuluka. Kupanda kutero, anthurium, amene agwidwa ndi dothi lalikulu, sadzatulutsa mpaka mizu yake itakwanira "malo otseguka" omwe apatsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chosagwidwa ndi mizu chimakhalabe m'nthaka ndipo nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa nkhungu, kukula kwa bowa ndi tizirombo m'nthaka.
Kubzala mbewu mozama kwambiri kumatha kubweretsanso kuola kwa tsinde. Kuti chiweto chizikhala bwino, amatha kukonza zothandizira, zofunikira makamaka popanga anthu omwe akukhala ngati mawonekedwe a mpesa. Malo omwe tsinde limachoka pansi, ngati chomera chikakwera pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka, mutha kuwaza kapena kupindika ndi sphagnum. Pankhaniyi, moss yonyowa imakwiyitsa kukula kwa mizu yowonjezera.
Mukamasamalira anthurium chipinda, ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti msuzi wa chomera ungayambitse mkwiyo, chifukwa chake chilichonse chokhala ndi mizu ndi masamba ndichabwino kuchita ndi magolovesi.
