Munkhaniyi, tidzagawana zambiri kuchokera kwa alimi achilendo ndikulankhula za momwe tingadziwire ndikuchotsa azungu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono toyambitsa matenda timatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri ndikuwopseza mbewu.
Whiteflies, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma aleirodide, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mapiko omwe timagwirizana kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs. Amakhala m'madera ambiri, komabe, ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti kuwapeza ndikovuta kwambiri.
Ntchentche sizingakhale zokulirapo kuposa 2 mm kukula, zofanana ndi pembetatu pamwamba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadziunjikira pansi pamasamba. Amakhala otakataka masana, motero amazindikira mosavuta kuposa tizirombo tina tosaka usiku. Zovala zoyera zimatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, ndipo m'malo otentha zimaswana chaka chonse.
Mtundu umodzi wodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wakuthengo, womwe ndi wocheperako kuposa abale ake ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachikaso. Chimakhala chofala m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo chimakhudza mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mbewa yoyera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nyengo ikakhala yotentha komanso malo obiriwira. Tizilombo timakonda kuyamwa madzi kuchokera ku masamba a thermophilic, mwachitsanzo, tomato, biringanya, tsabola, therere. Tizilombo timene timapatsanso mbatata ndi kabichi.
Zovala zoyera zimayamwa ubweya wa mbewuzo, ndikupanga zinthu zomata zotchedwa uchi. Kumanzere pamasamba, padayo kungayambitse matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Mothandizidwa ndi zovala zansalu, mbewa zimatha kufooka:
- amalephera kutulutsa photosynthesis;
- Masamba amayamba kuzimiririka, kutuwa kapena kutuluka chikasu, ndipo kukula kwina kumayima;
- chidebe chamkuwa ndi chizindikiro kuti tizirombo takhala tikudya pachomera kwa masiku angapo;
- Mutha kuonanso magulu angapo a nyerere zomwe zimakopeka ndimadzi okoma awa.
Yang'anani m'munsi mwa masamba ozungulira mitsemayo kuti mupeze kupezeka kwa mkuwa ndi tizilombo toyera ngakhale, poyang'ana koyamba, sizikuwoneka. Ngati mungapeze nthawi yomwe tizirombo timadyera, zimadumphira m'timadzamba, kotero kuzizindikira sizovuta.
Nthawi zina mutha kupeza mazira pamasamba. Uku ndiko kuyamba kwa m'badwo watsopano. Akaswa, mphutsi zoyera zokhala ngati ovunda zimayamba kuyamwa msuzi, pomwe sizingasunthe. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri samawona azungu mpaka itachedwa. Akazi akuluakulu amatha kubereka mazira mpaka 400, omwe amatseka nthawi kuyambira sabata limodzi mpaka mwezi. Amalumikizidwa ndi pepalalo mozungulira, ndipo mtunduwo umachokera kuchikaso chakuda (posachedwa kuyamwa).
Kuwongolera zovala zoyera, pali zida zambiri zamitengo ndi misampha yomwe mutha kugwiritsa ntchito. Koma koposa zonse, mukayamba kuyamba, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. M'mawa ndi madzulo, mukamayenda mozungulira mundawo, yang'anani kunsi kwa masamba ndikusamalira magulu a ntchentche zazing'ono zomwe zimawuluka mukayandikira.
Nthawi zonse yambani ndikusonkha madzi ndi payipi yothirira (sikungogwira ntchito kwa ma whiteflies, komanso ma aphid ndi tizilombo tina). Izi zipangitsa kuti tizirombo tiziwolokerana. Kenako chotsani masamba ndi sopo wothandiza. Pukuta kwathunthu mbali zonse ziwiri. Kusintha kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa tsiku, kukakhala kozizira kunja, popeza kutentha kumatha kuyambitsa mbewu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Bwerezani ndondomeko katatu.
Malinga ndi nkhani za akatswiri olima masamba, kusakaniza madzi osamba ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 syringe yayikulu mpaka malita 4.5 amadzimadzi amathandiza bwino. Iyenera kuthilidwanso m'mawa ndi madzulo, msewu ukadali ozizira. Dziwani kuti kuphatikizika uku ndi njira yofatsa, motero, ndikoyenera kwambiri poletsa kukula kwa tizirombo kuposa kuwononga kwawo.
Ngati zothetsera sizikuthandizira, komanso kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zovulaza sikungachepe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira chimbudzi m'manja patadutsa masiku ochepa kuti muchotse ntchentche pazomera. Izi zimathandizira onse akuluakulu komanso motsutsana ndi mphutsi.
Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo touluka pamalopo kumatilola kuti tipewe kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa azungu. Ladybugs, akangaude, zovala zazingwe ndi mahatchi ndi zina mwazilombo zabwino zomwe zingathandize kuti anthu azisamba azilamulira. Yesetsani kupanga zomwe zingachitike m'munda zomwe zimakoka tizilomboti, zomwe zimathandizanso ku udzudzu.
Whiteflies amalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muwononga tizilombo tothandiza, kuphatikiza zachilengedwe ndi olimira mungu m'mundamo.
Khazikitsani makhadi apulasitiki achikasu kapena matabwa opangidwa ndi mafuta onunkhira mozungulira tomato, tsabola, mbatata zokoma ndi kabichi. Mafuta osakanikirana a mafuta odzola komanso opopera madzi mu gawo la 50/50 amakhala omata kuti agwire ntchentche. Kwa azungu, mtundu wachikaso umawoneka ngati masamba ambiri atsopano. Tizilombo timalowa mu zakudya ndi kufa.
Whitefly ndi tizilombo cholimba kwambiri komanso toyambitsa matenda, motero kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza munthawi yake ndikofunikira polimbana nayo. Musalole kuchuluka kwa anthu kukula, ndipo mutha kuwononga tizirombo mosavuta. Ngati mphindi yakusowa, ndiye kuti malangizo omwe ali m'nkhaniyi akuthandizani.
Njira zowongolera zovala zoyera ndi tizirombo tina - kanema
