Mitundu yabwino ya njere za belu

Tsabola wokoma komanso wokoma samangokhala othandizira abwino pazakudya zosiyanasiyana, komanso ndiwothandiza komanso masamba a vitamini. Amadziwika kuti adawonekera koyamba ku Central America, kenako pang'onopang'ono adayamba kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi.

Tsabola wokoma amakhulupirira kuti ndi am'banja la Solanaceae. Ku Russia, tsabola chifukwa cha nyengo choyambirira m'munda wowonongandipo kokha m'chilimwe mbande zobzalidwa panthaka. Obereketsa adalimbikira ntchito kuti apange mitundu yamtunduwu wa tsabola wokoma womwe ungasinthidwe ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, komanso saiwala kugwira ntchito pang'ono kuti mtundu wamasamba wotere ukhale wosiyana kwambiri: wachikaso, wofiyira, wobiriwira, wofiirira. Maonekedwe a masamba otsekemera oterewa amakhalanso osiyanasiyana: zazikulu, zooneka ngati zouma, zazing'ono, zofanana ndi tomato, piramidi ndi zina.

Kukula tsabola

Chiyambi chofesa mbewu zotsekemera tsabola chimayamba muFebruary kapena Marichi, koma zibzalidwe mwachangu mbande. Mbewu za masamba awa nthawi zambiri zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimatha masiku 15 kapena 20. Inde, mutha kufulumizitsa kumera ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwapadera pa aloe. Njira yake ndi yosavuta: madzi a aloe amathiridwa ndimadzi omwewo, kenako mbewu zimanyowetsedwa m'masiku angapo.

Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zamasamba zomwe zimalimidwa kuchokera mbande, osamiza mbewu. Ndipo ikhoza kuikidwa mu nthaka pokhapokha ngati nyengo yabwino ya dzuwa ikhazikitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, osachepera madigiri 20 kapena 25. Koma ngati kutentha kumatentha kwambiri, ndiye, potero, tsabola wokoma uyenera kuthiriridwa. Ngati kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa madigiri 40, ndiye kuti mizu iyamba kufa, thumba losunga mazira ndi maluwa liume msanga, ndipo chomeracho chingofota.

Amadziwika kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya tsabola wokoma imamera bwino pansi pazikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

1. Mapamba okhala ndi dzuwa labwino.
2. Mapulani okhala ndi dothi labwino, omwe ali ndi nitrogen komanso chonde.

Ngati tsabola wabzalidwa pamthunzi, ndiye kuti imangotambalala, koma zipatso sizingakule.

Kusamalidwa ndi tsabola ndi kosavuta: muyenera kuchotsa udzu, kuthana ndi malo a namsongole, madzi ambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti akumasuka. Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kudyetsa masamba awa. Monga kudyetsa, ndowe za mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Chinsinsi chodyetsera ndi motere: sipangatenge galasi imodzi yamanzere am'madzi imodzi pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola wokoma wopanda mpanda wopanda malo

Mitundu ya saladi tsabola Khalidwe lofunika ndi makulidwe amizere ya masamba. Mitundu yotsatirayi imatengedwa ngati mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tsabola wamkulu wokhala ndimakoma akuda komanso owonda:

1. Chimphona chaku America.
2. Chozizwitsa ku California.
3. Bel Goy.
4. Carlos
5. Ilya.
6. Baron.
7. Chozizwitsa chagolide.
8. Munthu wamafuta.
9. Mtundu wa ku Siberia.
10. Anastasia
11. Chimphona chofiira.
12. Khutu la ng'ombe.
13. Mastodon.
14. Botolo yaku Italy.
15. Shorokshary.
16. Dzuwa la Italy.

Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, ngati ikasungidwa bwino, ikhoza kukhalabe yatsopano mpaka Chaka Chatsopano. Koma mitundu yomweyi ilinso yabwino kuti muigwiritse ntchito kumalongeza, mwachitsanzo, lecho kapena saladi yozizira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola wokoma wokhala ndi makoma ku dera la Moscow

Tsabola wokoma olemera mchere wambiri ndi mavitaminizili ndi zamkati mwake. Ndiwomwe amathandizira thupi lathu, kupatsa mphamvu komanso kukhala ndi zinthu zina zochiritsa. Ndipo uwu ndiye mfundo yayikulu kuti muphunzire kulima mbewu iyi yamasamba mumabedi amitundu yosiyanasiyana: lotseguka ndi lotsekeka. Koma kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zabwino, chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha sichimangofunika ndalama zochepa, komanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi chipiriro, kupeza chidziwitso chofunikira pakukula.

Lero okhala m'chilimwe amatha kudzitamandira posankha mitundu yambiri Dera la Moscow. Mitundu yonse ya tsabola wokoma yomwe imakulidwa ndi iwo imasiyana mawonekedwe, mtundu komanso kulemera. Mwa mitundu yonse ya tsabola wokoma wamiyala yama bedi pafupi ndi Moscow, mitundu yotsatirayi ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:

1. Fidelio. Mitundu iyi imakonda kwambiri nzika za chilimwe komanso mtundu wawo wagolide-oyera, ndi zipatso zazikulu. Tsabola wamtunduwu umayamba kupsa patatha masiku 90 mutamera.
2. Chozizwitsa cha lalanje. Mtundu wake ndi lalanje wowala, ndipo kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha kufika 250 g.
3. Rhapsody Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma odzichepetsa, komanso yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
4. Winnie the Pooh. Zopatsa zochuluka ndi zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusungika kwa nthawi yayitali.
5. Semko ndi Agapovsky ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tsabola wokoma, omwe ndi abwino kukula m'malo obiriwira. Zipatso zamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komanso mtundu wokongola wazipatso. Amatha kutumikiridwa patebulopo kuti asiyanitse mbale ndikuzikongoletsa.
6. Mitundu ya Atlantic imakhala ndi minofu yazipatso yomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi yayitali. Imasinthidwa bwino kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyambira, komanso potseka.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iyi, Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka ku Moscow Region tsabola: Mphatso za Moldova, Volzhanin, Mvula ya Golden ndi ena. Inde, zipatso za mitundu iyi ndizocheperako pang'ono, koma zimasungabe kukoma kwawo ndi mtundu wowala.

Zachidziwikire, pali mitundu yambiri yamakulidwe pamabedi, chifukwa chake, aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe amatha kusankha yekha pepala liti loyenerera kukula.

Mitundu yotchuka ya tsabola

Tsabola wokoma wa belu kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe amakomedwe. Izi zidaloleza masamba azisamba awa kukopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri, ngakhale amakonda zomwe amakonda.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya tsabola wokoma, mwa iliyonse yomwe ilinso mitundu yake. Mitundu yayikulu ya tsabola wokoma ndi:

1. Kupsa koyambirira
2. Nyengo yapakati
3. Mochedwa kucha

Tikhale mwatsatanetsatane pamalingaliro aliwonsewo. Chifukwa chake, mtundu woyamba ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya tsabola wokoma. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Claudio F1 ndi mtundu woyamba womwe umamera mkati mwa masiku 72-85.
2. Seville (masiku 95).
3. Chozizwitsa cha lalanje (masiku 100-110).
4. Montero (masiku 125).
5. Ilya Muromets (masiku 125).
6. Aivengo (masiku 105-110).

Mtundu wachiwiri ndi mitundu yapakatikati ya tsabola. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Chozizwitsa cha California, kukhwima kwake ndi masiku 130. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mtunduwu suukonda feteleza wambiri, makamaka ndi nayitrogeni. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito, chitsamba chake chimakhala chambiri, koma padzakhala zipatso zochepa.
2. Ng'ombe yamphongo ndi ng'ombe yofiyira. Mitundu iyi ndi yabwino chifukwa imagonjetsedwa ndi ma virus angapo. Zipatso zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, zamtundu komanso zowutsa mudyo. Kuchokera pa lalikulu mita imodzi yobzalidwa ndi mitundu iyi, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka ma kilogalamu 7 a mbewu.

Kwa oterowo nyengo yapakatikati mitundu ya tsabola wokoma wa belu Mitundu ina yomwe imalekerera nyengo yadzuwa ingatchulidwenso. Izi ndi mitundu monga Veronica, Anastasia, Red Giant, Kolobok ndi ena.

Mtundu wachitatu ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zaulimi wawo madera akumwera ndi abwino,, komabe, kwa nyengo yapakatikati ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Koma zimatha kukhala zokulira mu madera momwe kumazizira, ndiye malo obiriwira okha. Mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha:

1. Gladiator, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri, adaweta ku Holland. Zipatso za mitundu iyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi, mtundu wachikaso ndi kulemera kwakukulu, zomwe zimatha kufika magalamu 350.
2. Aristotle ex 3 p f 1. Mitundu iyi imagwirizana ndi matenda ambiri azipatsozi, ndipo zipatso zomwezo zimafanana ndi silinda. Ngati chipatsocho chacha bwino, ndiye kuti chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira. Izi ndi mitundu ya mipanda yolimba, ndipo unyinji wazipatso umafika magalamu 200. Tsabola wotere ndi wosavuta kunyamula, umangokhala ngati watulutsidwa m'mundamo.
3. Kadinolo wakuda ndi mitundu yomwe yavomerezedwa ku Italy. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi piramidi yoyera, mtundu wake ndi wakuda, koma akhoza kukhala ofiira. Zipatso zakupsa zimakhala ndi thupi lamphaka.
4. Bell Tsabola wosiyanasiyana wosiyanasiyana woterowu adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi maluwa a belu. Komatu zipatso zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi kukoma kosazolowereka komanso koopsa. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu iyi imatha kudyedwa ndi mbewu zosatha zamasamba, kotero kuti nthawi yozizira ndi bwino kuisintha kukhala mbale kapena chidebe china ndipo ndikofunika kuisunga pamalo pomwe pali magetsi abwino. Zipatso zamtunduwu zimakhwima pakatha masiku 150, ndipo zokolola zina nthawi zina zimafikira 2 kilogalamu kuchokera pachitsamba ichi.

Momwe mungasankhire mitundu?

Pali malamulo angapo posankha tsabola wosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana osati pakuwoneka chipatso kapenanso kukula kwake, koma pamikhalidwe yomwe ingamere. Mwachitsanzo, ndi malo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha.

Pogula mbewu, nthawi zonse muyenera kuphunzira ma CD, omwe akuyenera kuwonetsa pokhapokha ngati zingatheke kulima tsabola wamtunduwu.

Kudziwa mitundu yanji ya tsabola wokoma amene alipo, ndikotheka kubzala mbewu iyi yamipatso yosiyanasiyana pabedi limodzi: koyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa. Izi zikuthandizira kuti mukhale ndi tsabola watsopano nthawi yonseyi. Ndipo ngati mitunduyo yachedwa kucha, ndiye kuti mutha kuiwoka mumphika ndikukula kale pazenera. Kenako zipatso zimakhala mpaka pakati pa nthawi yachisanu.

Ndikofunika samalani mukamagula ndi kutalika kwa tchire. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu okhala chilimwe omwe amabzala tsabola m'malo obiriwira kapena malo a chiwembu ali ochepa. Ndiye ndiyofunika kugula mitundu yotsika yokha ya tsabola wokhoma.

Kutchuka pang'ono anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosakanizidwa ya tsabolazomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizoletsa matenda. Mwa njira, mitundu ya tsabola idaberekedwa kale yomwe imaloleza nyengo zosiyanasiyana: chilala, nyengo yozizira kapena yamvula.

Ndipo zowonadi, pogula nthangala za tsabola, muyenera kulabadira zomwe kuwala kumawonetsedwa phukusi.

Tizilombo ndi matenda a tsabola

Pepper imatha kupezeka ndi matenda ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, verticillosis kapena mzati. Matenda oyamba amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wokhala m'nthaka kapena mizu ya mbewu. Pali mitundu ingapo yamatenda ndipo zizindikiro zawo zimatengera izi. Kuti athetse matendawa pamalowo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kwathunthu zomera zamatenda.

Matenda achiwiri ndi a pilar kapena phytoplasmosis. Matendawa amawonekera ndi kupindika masamba., ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono, ndipo kuzidya ndizosatheka. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, kulowererapo kwa mankhwala (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa) ndikofunikira.

Tizilombo ta tsabola tambiri ndi nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, kachilomboka, ndi maopu a Colado. Kuti muwachotse, kupopera tchire ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikofunikira.

Ngati pa nthawi kuchita zonse zofunika polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza tchire la tsabola wathanzi, komanso zotuta zabwino. Ngati mumasankha tsabola wabwino kwa kanyumba kanyengo, mukakulire, mukuwona malamulo onse, ndiye kuti posachedwa ndizotheka kukhala ndi zipatso zokoma, zabwino komanso zathanzi.