Petunia adafika kudera la Old World kuchokera ku Uruguay, dzina lake litha kumasuliridwa kuti "fodya". Zikhalidwe zaku Europe zokulitsa petunias ndizoyenera kwambiri ku mbewuyi kotero kuti maluwa okongola awa amatha kupezeka paliponse. Kubzala ndi kusamalira nyama ya petunia ndikosavuta, kotero kuti alimi ochepa ndi omwe adzikana okha kubzala mitengo yabwinoyi patsamba lawo.
Momwe mungakulire petunia kuchokera ku mbewu ndi momwe mungasamalire
Chikhalidwe cha maluwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zambiri m'minda yathu. Mwachilengedwe, petunia ndi mtengo wamuyaya wokhala ndi mphukira za herbaceous, koma umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chaka chilichonse kukongoletsa. Munda wamtundu kapena wosakanizidwa wakula, womwe udachokera pakuwoloka (kupukutidwa kwachilengedwe) wamitundu iwiri - mitengo yoyera yoyera ndi mitengo yakuda ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi carmine yakuda, maluwa onunkhira.
Mitundu yonse yam'munda wamaluwa imagawidwa ndi chizindikiro cha maluwa kukhala chosavuta komanso chowiri. Ma petunias osavuta, nawonso, amagawidwa kwathunthu, ndi m'mphepete mwa chingwe. Terry - wamkulu komanso wamaluwa yaying'ono.
Kodi kusamalira petunia mumsewu wapakati? Zomera zoterezi ndizodzichepetsa, zopirira chilala, zojambulidwa. Amatha kulekerera chinyontho m'nthaka, koma sangathe kuyimirira madzi. Kukula bwino panthaka yachonde komanso yosauka, malinga ndi kavalidwe kapamwamba kokhazikika. Mizu ya petunia ndi ndodo, osaya, nthambi zofooka.
Nthawi yotentha komanso kugwa kwamvula yambiri, maluwa amayenda pafupifupi, koma kutayamba kutentha, kadzuwa, kamayambanso ndi nyonga yatsopano. Mitengo yoyambilira yophukira yoyambirira imangowonongedwa ndi maluwa okhazikika, pomwe masamba ndi masamba sawonongeka.
Zisanu zikuluzikulu kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala kupha masamba, ndipo masamba adatsalabe mpaka matalala.
Kummwera chakum'mwera, petunias amatha kusinthanso chaka chilichonse kuti adzilore. Mitundu yayikulu-maluwa ndi mitundu yatsopano imakulidwa kudzera mbande. Mbewu zimakhalabe zotheka kwa zaka 3-4. Ndi ochepa kwambiri - mu 1 g mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu imakhala ndi zidutswa pafupifupi 5,000, ndipo zazing'onozing'ono-zazing'ono - zidutswa 10,000.
Kodi mukukula bwanji petunia kuchokera ku mbewu kuti musunge zokongoletsa zonse za maluwa? Mbewu zikafesedwa, mbewuzo zimamera msanga, chifukwa chake zimafesedwa kuti zipeze mbande mu February-March. Kuti kukula kwabwinobwino kwa mbande, ndikofunikira kuwunikira mpaka maola 16 masana. Kutentha kwa + 20 ... +22 ° C, mbewu zimamera pa tsiku la 10 mpaka 10.
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, kuti mbewu ikule imafunikira kusankha:
Imachitika pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba awiri owona. Mbande zibzalidwe m'nthaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, mu Meyi posachedwa 20-25 cm. Maluwa amayambira pakati pa Meyi ndikupitilira mpaka chisanu.
Mutabzala, posamalira petunia, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mwadongosolo maluwa ndi zomangidwa m'mabokosi ambewu. Kenako mbewuyo, monga nthawi yachilimwe yambiri, imaphuka bwino kwambiri nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndi yophukira.
Momwe mungakulire maluwa a petunia kuchokera kudula
Petunia amafalitsa osati ndi mbewu zokha, komanso ndi odulidwa. Kodi kukula petunia ku cuttings lotseguka pansi? Mukamalumikiza, zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za apics, koma abale ake omwe amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7-10.Ukasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi, sayenera kudulidwa, koma kusweka mosamala.
Izi zodulidwa pansi pagalasi kapena kanema zimapangika mosavuta mizu, makamaka kasupe ndi chilimwe. Ngati mungasankhe kusunga zosiyanasiyana, ndibwino kuti muzidula chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira: Zomera zitha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira m'chipinda chozizira, chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 12 ... +15 ° C ndi kuphuka mosangalatsa mu kasupe.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya petunias yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yolumikizidwa ndi mithunzi yambiri, mitsempha yosiyanasiyana ndi malo pakati pa duwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukonza mabedi amaluwa, rabatok, malire, mixborder, array, ali abwino pachikhalidwe cha mphika.
Mtengo wofunikira kwambiri wa mbewu yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kukana kwake modabwitsa ndi mphepo zamkuntho. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imakulidwa bwino pamakhonde, makamaka ma hybrids ophatikiza pochita kubzala.
Mwa matenda a petunias, mawanga a fungus ndi chikhalidwe cha virus amakhudzidwa. Mwa tizirombo, masamba ndi masamba, makamaka mu zaka konyowa kapena malo onyowa, amadya slugs. Zowonongeka kuchokera ku slugs zimadziwika mosavuta ndi kutseguka kwa masamba ndi mawonekedwe a mucous omwe amakhalapo pamizimba.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo yophatikiza yosakanizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Kuti mumve chidwi - chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe amitundu yabwino kwambiri ya petunias ochokera ku ampel ndi hybrid mfululizo:
Munthawi yayikulu yodziwika bwino ya petunias, zosakaniza za heterosis hybrids ndizosangalatsa.
Nayi ena a iwo:
"Superbissima" yayikulu kwambiri. Zomera za osakaniza zotere zimafika kutalika kwa 70-80 masentimita ndipo zimakulungidwa ndi maluwa akulu kwambiri (12-15 cm)) zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.
"Wakuwala pinki". Kutalika kwa 25-30 cm.kutulutsa kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembara. Kafotokozedwe kamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyaniwa amafanana ndendende ndi dzina lake - maluwa omwe ali pachomera ndi pinki, amafika masentimita 7-10.Ali wamkulu mu mbande. Mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa February - Marichi. Kuwombera kumawonekera patatha masiku 7-12. Mbande zibzalidwe pamalo okhazikika pomwe ngozi ya chisanu yatha. Photophilous, thermophilic ndi hygrophilous. Imakonda dothi lopepuka, lachonde, lopanda madzi ambiri.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala pamabedi amaluwa, kuchotsera, m'malire, m'makokati a makonde ndi miphika.
"Frill", chisakanizo. Petunia wapadera, yemwe sangatchulidwe ndi magulu aliwonse amtunduwu.
Onani zithunzi za mitengo yophatikiza iyi - maluwa akuluakulu mpaka masentimita 12 ali ndi m'mphepete mwamiyendo komanso malo olimba kwambiri ngati "pulasitiki" omwe amawathandiza:
Izi zimapanga "crinoline" mwapadera maluwa - pomwe duwa lalikulu siligwirizana bwino ndi mvula komanso nyengo yoipa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yofananira yakale yakale, imakhala ndi mitundu yabwino, yomwe imapangitsa kukongoletsa kwake kukhala kosapambana.
Petunia ndi wamaluwa wamkulu - chomera chofunikira kwambiri chokongoletsera makonde ndi zipika, mabasiketi ambiri, mabedi amaluwa ndi maluwa oyala maluwa.
"Picoti" - Kusakaniza kwapadera kwapadera ndi maluwa akuluakulu amtundu woyambayo.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, iyi ndi imodzi mwazipatso zabwino kwambiri za petunias ndi nthambi zowala komanso maluwa ataliatali:
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Universal: yabwino kwa maluwa, mabasiketi opachikika, mabokosi a zenera, mabedi amaluwa.
Mndandanda "Kukula kwa Russian" F1 - chisakanizo. Maluwa a mawonekedwe achikale komanso kukula kwake kopambana - pafupifupi 10 masentimita, kuphimba chomera chonse ndi wandiweyani.
Zokongoletsa bwino bwino zamaluwa chilichonse chamaluwa. Phulika mu masabata 12-16 ndi pachimake kwambiri, chilimwe chonse mpaka kugwa.
Pansipa pali zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe amitundu yokongola kwambiri yazinthu za mitundu:
"Picoti Velvet" F1. Nyimbo yofiirira yokhala ngati "velveteen" kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera imatsimikizira kukongoletsa kopambana.
Mafuta a Kan-Kan F1. Kusintha kwabwino kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda komanso maluwa ataliatali, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kutsimikizika kuposa ma petuni ena.
Toulouse F1. Kuphatikiza kowoneka bwino, kwamitundu yayitali kwambiri ya utoto wamphesa ndi laimu, wapadera pa duwa lililonse, mosakayikira kumapangitsa kuti wosakanizidwa akhale "wojambula wa mtundu woyambirira".
Izi petunia idzakusangalatsani inu ndi alendo anu chirimwe chonse, ndikugonetsa mabedi a maluwa ndi muli!
Kenako, mupeza chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a Partunia mndandanda petunias F1 - mndandanda wa ma hybrid osakanizidwa omwe adapangidwa kuti atenge Ramblin:
Ilinso ndi chizolowezi chofananira, koma imasiyana m'mitundu yambiri yamaluwa kuchokera pachiyambi cha maluwa. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi ma hybrids otsatirawa: "Orange," "Rose," "Kirimu," "Red," "Deep Rose," "Salmon."
Mndandanda "Minitunia". Awa ndi mitengo yaying'ono yosakanizidwa, yomwe imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri komanso nyengo yayitali. Pamndandanda wakuthengo: "Rose", "Blue Storm", "Ivory", "Rose Wayne", "Furor" (osakaniza).
Mndandanda "Super Tunnel" F1.Izi ndi zina mwazabwino kwambiri zam'madzi, zomwe ndizomera zazomera zazikulu. Zoterezi zimaphatikizapo hybrids.: Pink Pink, Parple, Red, Lavender White, Easy Wave Blue, Triumph (osakaniza).
Grandiflora Series - petunios wakuda wakuda. Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizapo: "Kukula kwa Russia", "Gulliver", "nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi", "Ultra", "Frost Fae."
