Kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba amayamba kuterera pamitengo ndi zitsamba, ndipo Forsythia idakutidwa kale ndi maluwa achikasu agolide, pomwe masamba ake sanaphuke kale. Mukatikati mwa Russia, chitsamba ichi chikuyamba kuphuka mu Epulo - Meyi, komanso kum'mwera - mu February-Marichi. Malo owala a Forsythias amakulitsa chilengedwe. Masamba amakongoletsanso - m'malo akuluakulu, obiriwira kapena obiriwira, osalala, "ozizira", amakhalabe owoneka bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikugwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira. Kapangidwe ka tchire pakokha ndi kokongola - mphukirayo imakumba mokondera komanso mopendekera.
Forsythiakapena Forsythia kapena Forsythia ndi mtundu wa zitsamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono ya banja la Oleaceae, ukutulutsa maluwa okongola achikasu.
Forsythia, kapena Forsythia, kapena Forsythia (Forsythia).
Forsythia wafalikira ku North America, Western Europe. M'dziko lathu, limakongoletsa minda ndi mapaki m'malo ambiri a Central Asia, ku Crimea, Caucasus, Moldova, Ukraine, Baltic, zigawo zikuluzikulu za Non-Chernozem Territory, Moscow ndi Leningrad, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri alendo.
Mitundu ya Forsythia
Pali mitundu 6 yodziwika ya fuko la Forsythia, yotchedwa Forzit wokonza dimba la Chingerezi, yemwe adakhalako theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1800.
Forsythia (Forsythia) ndi ku Europe.
Forsythia European - chitsamba chofika 2-3 mamita kutalika, ndi korona wopyapyala. Masamba amakhala obiriwira owala bwino, ali moyang'anizana, ngati Forsythia yonse. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu owoneka bwino, 1-3 mu nkhwangwa zamasamba, akuwonekera, wowumbidwa ndi belu, mpaka 2 cm, pamitundu yocheperako yokhotakhota. Shrub ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ngakhale imawerengedwa monga yokongoletsa pang'ono pakati pa mitundu ina ya Forsythia. Uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo wa Forsythias womwe umapezeka ku Europe mwachilengedwe ndipo ndi imodzi mwazizira kwambiri. M'madera a Moscow ndi Leningrad, limamasula ndipo limabala zipatso chaka chilichonse.
Forsythia (Forsythia) Giralda.
Forsythia Giralda amachokera ku North China. Maonekedwe amafanana ndi European. Masamba ndi owumbika kapena obota-elliptic, owongoka-kulozimira pamwamba, wobiriwira wamdima pamwamba komanso wotuwa pansipa. Maluwa a Forsythia giralda, monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, ndi achikaso chagolide, pamafupipafupi, osati akulu kwambiri, akuwombera kwambiri. Hardness yozizira ili pafupi ndi European.
Forsythia (Forsythia) ndi woboola pakati, kapena ovoid.
Forsythia ovoid - chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zokulira, 1.5 m.Chimakula mu chilengedwe cha Korea. Masamba ali obiriwira owala, ovate kwathunthu, masentimita 5-7, owongoka bwino pamwamba. Chimodzi mwa maluwa oyamba kwambiri a forsythia. Maluwa a Forsythia ovate ndi achikasu owoneka bwino, pamafupi amfupi, okhala ndi miyala yambiri. Ili ndiye mtundu wokhazikika kwambiri ku zigawo zapakati komanso kumpoto kwa Non-Chernozem Territory.
Forsythia (Forsythia) ndi wobiriwira kwambiri.
Forsythia ndi wobiriwira kwambiri - shrub yamphamvu yokhala ndi mphukira yolunjika molunjika. Mwachilengedwe, limamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri a Central ndi Eastern China. Masamba a Forsythia ndi obiriwira amdima wakuda, owala, okulirapo. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu owoneka bwino komanso amtambo wonyezimira, 1 mpaka 3 m'makoma a masamba, miyala ya corolla ndi yotakata, duwa limakhala lalitali ndi 2,5. Mtunduwu umangolola nyengo yam'madera akumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USSR, ndipo siimazizira komanso kuphuka kumpoto chaka chilichonse.
Forsythia (Formaitia) ikutsika, kapena kulira.
Forsythia ikuyenda, kapena Kulira Kwa Forsythia - chitsamba champhamvu chofika mpaka 3 m, chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe kumapiri otsetsereka ku North ndi Central China. Mtunduwu umakhala wofunika kwambiri ku Western Europe ngati umodzi wokongola kwambiri. Titha kumera kum'mwera kokha - Moldova, Western Ukraine, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Masamba akulu obiriwira a Forsythia akuwombedwa nthawi yophukira atembenuke chikasu ndi utoto. Maluwa achikasu amtundu wa 1-3, nthawi zina 6 pamtundu. Corolla chubu mkati ndi malaya a lalanje, kutalika kwa maluwa masentimita 2,5. Pali mitundu ingapo ya forsythia drooping (drooping).
Forsythia (Forsythia) ndi wapakati, kapena wosakanizidwa, kapena wapakatikati.
Forsythia Medium - Mmunda wosakanizidwa wa Forsythia ndi wobiriwira komanso wobowola. Chitsamba champhamvu kwambiri chachitali ndi 3 mita, chokhala ndi mphukira zowongoka komanso zopindika pang'ono. Masamba a Forsythia apakati ndi okulirapo, ovate-oblong, pa mphukira zokulira, nthawi zina maulendo atatu, nthawi zambiri amakhala akusintha kuchokera kumodzi kupita patatu. Maluwa ndi achikasu owoneka bwino, angapo pamulu.
Mitundu yambiri ya mmunda wosakanizidwa imadziwika. Ena mwa iwo ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndipo amatha kupirira nyengo yam'kati ndi kumpoto kwa dera la Non-Chernozem.
Forsythia, kapena Forsythia.
Kufalitsa kwa Forsythia
Forsythia imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kugaya, chisanu ndi chilimwe kudula.
Mu Okutobala, zipatso zamabokosi zimaphukira, zomwe zimasweka pang'ono, ndipo nthangala zamapiko zimatha kuwoneka. Zomera za Forsythia zimafesedwa masika, mu Marichi-Epulo, m'miphika kapena mabokosi apadziko lapansi. Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 3-6, kumera 35-50%. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mbande zimafika kutalika kwa 2-8 masentimita, lachiwiri - 12-30 cm, mchaka chachitatu - 60-90 cm.Mabokosiwo, mbande za Forsythia zimadumphadumphira mchaka chachiwiri kapena chaka choyamba cha moyo wawo, ndipo pamenepo zimakwanira nthawi yozizira pokuta dothi ndi masamba angapo 15 - 20 cm. Nthawi yoyamba kuphukira ali ndi zaka 4-6.
Pakufalikira kwam'mera, zodula zimakolola nthawi yozizira ndikusungidwa chonyowa mu chipinda chozizira. Komabe, zikhalidwe pakati pakatikati, Forsythia nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi kudula kwa chilimwe. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani masamba okula osakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolumikizira ndi June - koyambirira kwa Julayi. Zodulidwa za Forsythia zimadulidwa ndi ma 1-2 internode pamtunda wa 0,5-1 masentimita kuchokera pamphasa, masamba otsika amachotsedwa, apamwamba amawadula pakati. Kuti muzutse bwino komanso kuzika msanga, zodula zimayikidwa kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi mu yankho lamadzi a heteroauxin.
Yozika mumchenga wamtsinje mtunda wa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake, ndikukulitsa kudula ndi masentimita 2-4. Mukutentha, malo obiriwira ayenera kuulutsa ndi kudulira madzi 4-5 pa tsiku. Mu nyengo yozizira, kuthirira nthawi ziwiri ndikokwanira. M'masabata 4-5 atadulidwa, mizu imapangidwa mu 70-100% ya Forsythia kudulidwa. M'chaka choyamba, mbewuzo zimasiyidwa m'nthaka, ndipo zimakutira nthawi yozizira ndi masamba ndi masamba. Mchaka chachiwiri, Forsythia ikhoza kubzalidwa m'mphepete, ndipo mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi chitha kubzalidwa m'malo okhazikika pomwe mbewu zambiri zimaphuka mchaka chomwecho.
Forsythia, kapena Forsythia.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kukumbutsaninso kuti Forsythia idabwera kwa ife kuchokera malo ofunda ndipo ngakhale ovuta kwambiri nthawi yozizira amatha kuvutika kwambiri nyengo yachisanu - gawo la kukula kwamaluwa kapena maluwa limafa ngati lalitali kuposa chophimba chipale chofewa. Komabe, mawonekedwe osazolowereka azikongoletsedwe awa azitsamba ndiwofunika kudikira kaye, chaka chabwino kwambiri ndikuwonanso forsythia pamaluwa opepuka.
Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- E. Yakushina, woyimira masayansi azachilengedwe
