Mitundu ya Zinnia ndi ya banja la a Astrov ndipo imakhala ndi mitundu 20. Oimira ake ndi udzu wokhazikika kapena zitsamba zomwe zimamera kumwera kwa North America.
Zomera zazikulu kuyambira 20cm mpaka 1 m, masamba ambiri amakhala, owoneka bwino, owongoka, ozunguliridwa, wokutidwa ndi pulani yolimba, yoyang'anizana kapena yozungulira. Maluwa ndi apical, amapanga mabasiketi a inflorescence, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake zimatengera mitundu. Zomera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa ataliatali kuyambira chiyambi cha chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Ngakhale izi ndizosatha, koma chifukwa cha nyengo mu lamba lathu, limakula ngati chomera pachaka. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kuletsa chikhalidwe.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mwa mitundu iwiri yonseyi, ndi anayi okha omwe amapangidwa.
Zinnia ndichabwino chomera cha herbaceous chomwe kutalika kwake chimatha kupitirira mita 1. Ali ndi mphukira mwachindunji omwe samakhala bwino, sessile, masamba opindika, maluwa oyera, a lalanje kapena a pinki, amatha kukhala osavuta kapena owirikiza.
Mtunduwu wakhala zinthu zakulenga zamitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa, yomwe imayikidwa ndi maluwa, kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa.
Malinga ndi nthawi ya maluwa, amagawika zigawo za maluwa zoyambirira, zapakatikati komanso mochedwa.
Kapangidwe ka maluwa kumatha kukhala kosavuta, pang'ono komanso kawiri. Mwa mitundu itatu, nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa awiri imakulidwa:
- Zinnia Barpis,
- Carousel,
- Matimu achi Persia.
Pakutalika kwa mphukira, zimasiyanitsidwa: mitundu yayitali - pafupifupi 80 masentimita, apakati - 40 masentimita ndi amtali kapena undersized - pafupifupi masentimita 20. Pali mitundu 7 yomwe imasiyana mumapangidwe a inflorescence, koma nyengo zathu zokha ndi 3 zokha zomwe zimakula.
Zinnia dahlia - tchire zazikulu mpaka 1 m wamtali, masamba alinso akulu, inflorescence mawonekedwe a mpira, terry.
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Chimbalangondo,
- Violet.
Zinnia pompom kapena midget - Tchire laling'ono, lomwe limakonda kukula kuposa theka la mita. Ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, inflorescence, malinga ndi dzina la pompom mawonekedwe.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Chovala Chaching'ono Chofiyira,
- Tom Thumb,
- Tambelina.
Zinnia zongopeka
Zitsamba zooneka ngati mpira, zimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ndi maluwa otayirira okhala ndi masamba apamwamba otumphukira ndi kuwerama mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimamera:
- Dreamland,
- Mphatso kwa Amayi.
M'mayiko ena okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, mitundu imakulanso:
- California Zinnia,
- Cactus,
- Scabiosa.
Koma kwa ife sioyenera.
Zinnia yopapatiza kapena Haage Zomera zokhala ndi tsinde lolunjika, nthambi. Udzu wamasamba, lanceolate kapena oblong. Maluwa ndi ochepa, amatha kukhala awiri kapena osavuta, lalanje pamtundu, koma mitundu ingasiyane.
Zinnia woonda-maluwa Ndi tchire lokongola, lopendekera pang'ono masentimita 50, lomwe limakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa. Maluwa ndi ochepa, bango, lofiirira.
Zinnia mzere ofanana ndi mitundu yazifupi ya opendekera, chifukwa yomwe nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa. Mtundu wocheperako wa mitundu yonse yomwe mwalimidwa - kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri sikukuchulukirapo masentimita 30. Umakhala ndi inflorescence zazikaso zazikasu m'mphepete mwa lalanje. Zoyenerera bwino kukula m'miphika ndi m'minda yamiyala.
Ma hybrids amakhalanso otchuka, chifukwa amaphatikiza mawonekedwe a mitundu iwiri. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Magellan,
- Swizzle.
Kulima mbewu ya Zinnia
Popeza lamba lathu limamera ngati pachaka, njira yokhayo yakubereka ndi kubereka mbewu.
Madera akum'mwera, komwe kulibe madzi mu Meyi, kufesa mbewu kungachitike mwachindunji mu nthaka. Ngati pali kuthekera kwakuti kutentha kwa usiku kugwera mpaka zero, ndiye kufesa panthaka sikungachitike, chifukwa mbewu zidzafa.
Pakulima mmera pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mbeu m'magulu awiri amadziwitsidwa ndi 1 masentimita m'matumbo a peat, izi zimachitika kuti mtsogolo mbande zisavulazidwe ndikudumphira m'madzi. Zomera zomwe zimabzidwa zimayikidwa pamalo pomwe pali nyali zambiri zowunikira ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi zimanyowetsa nthaka m'miphika, kutentha kwa kumera kuli pafupifupi 23 ° C. Nthambi zoyamba, monga lamulo, zimawonekera mwachangu - pafupifupi masiku 3-7.
Nthata zazing'ono zopanda magetsi zimakokedwa mwachangu. Izi zikachitika, onjezani dothi lophika pamiphika ndikusintha mawonekedwe.
Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, amayamba njira zolimbitsira maluwa. Pakadali pano, amayamba kuwatulutsa kwa maola angapo tsiku lililonse kuti azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino kuti azolowere zinthu zina.
Cineraria ndi woimira wina wa banja la a Astrov, omwe adakulidwa nthawi yobzala ndi chisamaliro panthaka, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawonekedwe penti ndi kujambula mundawo. Mutha kupeza malingaliro pazakukula ndi chisamaliro munkhaniyi.
Zinnia kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Kuphatikizika kwaluwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi, kutengera nyengo yanu. Muyenera kusankha malo owala omwe sanaphulitsidwe ndi zolemba. Kuphatikizika kwa dothi sikumagwira ntchito yayikulu, koma kuyenera kukhala ndi kukhetsa ndi kusalolera acidity.
M'dzinja, kapena mozizira, mwezi umodzi musanabzike, maluwa oyendetsedwa ndi maluwa amayeretsedwa udzu wamsongole ndikuwumba ndi manyowa (9 kg pa lalikulu mita). Masisitere amabzalidwa mosiyana 30 cm. Kubzala kumachitika limodzi ndi mphika wa peat kapena njira yodutsa, ngakhale izi zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni ku duwa.
Kusamalira mbewuyi ndikosavuta ndipo kumafuna kuyeserera pang'ono. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kumachepetsa udzu kuti muchotse namsongole. Kutsirira ndikosowa, koma amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. Mitengo ya inflorescence ikayamba kuzimiririka, imadulidwa kuti isachotse mphamvu za mbewu.
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa kulima, ndiye kuti ngakhale pa nthawi yomwe mmera udzafunika kutsina mphukira zinayi pamasamba anayi. Ngati mukufuna kukula maluwa odula, ndibwino kuti osapinikiza.
Feteleza wa ku Zinnia
Patatha mwezi umodzi mutabzala, muyenera kuthira manyowa ndi kuvala kokwanira mchere wambiri. Umuna womwewo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba.
Kututa kwa Mbewu ya Zinnia
Kucha mbewu kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kuyambira pomwe maluwa adayamba. Ndikothekanso kusoka zakuthupi zipatso zikakhala zofiirira. Madengu amadulidwa, amawuma ndipo mbewu amatengedwa, ndikuyeretsa zotsalira za mwana wosabadwayo.
Muyenera kusungira nthanga mu chouma komanso mofunda, ndikuziyika m'thumba. Bzalani zinnia kwa zaka zitatu, mpaka ataya kumera.
Zinnia m'nyengo yozizira
Popeza m'mundamo timalima zinnia ngati pachaka, ndiye kuti nyengo yachisanu imawonongedwa, ndipo maluwa amakumbidwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu yamphika imasamalidwa ngati chomera wamba m'nyumba, choyikidwa mu chipinda chowala bwino ndikuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi nthaka ikamuma.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pakati pa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda a zinnia, ambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhono ndi chafaya.
Ma nsabwe Kedari imasiya masamba ndi mphukira za chomeracho ndi mitambo yakuda ndikudya zipatso zake. Kuti muchotse, mbewu zimatsukidwa ndi sopo wamadzi kapena kuthiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zipatso kapena adyo.
Chifukwa ulesi Zipolopolo za mazira kapena zophwanyika zimabalalika pamalowo, zomwe zimawawopsa.
Ndi mwina nsikidzi Palibe njira zoterezi zomenyera nkhondo - ziyenera kusungidwa ndikuwonongeka pamanja.
Matendawa omwe amakhudza zinnia ndi ufa wowuma. Amadziwonetsa utoto wonyezimira woyera pa masamba. Amathandizira matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux kapena fungicides mwachitsanzo, Topaz.
At kuvunda mmera uyamba kufooka, kuwonekera mawanga amdima. Madera owonda amadulidwa ndikuwathandizira mofananamo ngati ndi Powawa.
Mwinanso owopsa kwambiri bakiteriya owoneka. Mukazindikira pa masamba a bulauni kuzungulira mawanga, aduleni pomwepo. Ndipo ngati chotupa chikufalikira kupitilira, duwa liyenera kuwonongedwa, chifukwa mawanga sangathe kuchiritsidwa.
