Peyala ndi mtengo wokongola wazipatso wokhala ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi zosiyanasiyana. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikupanga nyengo yabwino, peyala imabweretsa zokolola zambiri (pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 kuchokera pamtengo wachikulire) kwa zaka makumi angapo. Masiku ano nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yotentha kwambiri, mtengo wazipatso uwu ukumveka bwino.
Mitundu yotchuka ya mapeyala
- "Kukongola kwa Samara" ndi mitundu yosagwira chisanu ndi zipatso zotsekemera komanso zowawasa.
- "Tchalitchi" - chipatso choyambirira chosakhwima chomwe chimayamba ndi zipatso pang'ono.
- "Muscovite" ndi mtundu wakucha wakucha wokhala ndi zipatso zonunkhira, zotsekemera komanso zofewa.
- "Lada" ndi mitundu yoletsa kuzizira, yomwe singatengeke ndi matenda komanso tizirombo.
- "Mtima wachifundo" - osiyanasiyana wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso zipatso zonunkhira bwino.
- "Nectar" ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri wokhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera komanso zowawasa.
Nthawi ndi tsiku lobwera
Kuti mubzale peyala, muyenera kusankha malo ofunda osati mvula. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi Seputembara-Okutobala (isanayambike nyengo yozizira), ngakhale alimi ena amabzala peyala nthawi ya masika.
Kukhazikika kwa nyundo kumakhala ndi zabwino zake:
- Pakadali pano, ma nazale ali ndi kusankha kwakukulu ndi mbande zambiri;
- Mbande zomwe zidagulidwa mu nazale zapeza kale mphamvu pa nthawi yotentha ndipo zakhala zamphamvu;
- Nthawi yozizira kwa mitengo yaying'ono ikhala nthawi yakuuma kwabwino ndipo imawapangitsa kuti akhale olimba mtima;
- Mitengo yotere simudzakhalanso mvula yowundula masika.
Peyala imawonedwa ngati mtengo wopanda zipatso ndipo chifukwa cha kulima kwake maluso ena ogwirira ntchito ndi zipatso zam'munda komanso zambiri zimafunikira.
Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba ndikukonzekera
Malo
Kuti mubzale peyala, muyenera kusankha malo okhazikika, popeza mtengowo suyankha bwino kufalikira. Ili liyenera kukhala malo otseguka ndi kuwunikira kwabwino komanso kutentha kwenikweni kwa dzuwa. Popeza kuti posachedwa mtengowu udzavekedwa chisamba komanso chobiriwira (pafupifupi mita 5), ​​chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti pasapezeke mitengo yayitali kapena nyumba pafupi ndi mtengo.
Kuyandikana ndi zikhalidwe zina
Peyala imayandikana ndi mbewu yazipatso zomwe ndizofanana posamalira. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa maapozi ungabzalidwe pafupi, koma ndibwino kuti musakhale kutali ndi phulusa lamapiri, chifukwa mitengo yonse iwiri imadwala matenda omwewo ndipo imadwala matenda omwewo. Ngati malingaliro amodzi akadwala, ndiye kuti "woyandikana naye" akhoza kudwala.
Dothi
Dothi lomwe lili pamalopo liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopanda chinyezi, komanso chinyezi chokwanira komanso chofunikira kwambiri (chonde). Zidongo zochuluka kwambiri m'nthaka ndizosayenera komanso zoopsa kumera. Pokonzekera maenje akufika, muyenera kulabadira izi. Kusintha kwa dongo lakumtunda ndi dothi labwino kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kusakanikirana kwa peat ndi feteleza wovuta) kapena dothi lachonde kusachedwa kufa kwa mtengowo kwa zaka zitatu zokha, popeza mizu yake imakula ndipo ikalumikizana ndi dongo pakuya kwa 40-50 cm .
Kukonzekera kubzala maenje ndi njira zodzala mbande
Ngati pali dongo m'malo osankhidwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba bowo losaya, osafikira pansi. Kuti mizu ya mmera ikhale bwino m'nthaka komanso osakhudza dongo, ndikofunikira kupanga matangwanawo pang'ono ndikuzama kutalika kwa mita 1 kumbali zonse zinayi za dzenje lobzala. Madimbawo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi zinyalala zilizonse (mwachitsanzo, zinyalala zadothi, utuchi, zomata, maudzu kapena singano) omwe anaphikidwa kale feteleza wamafuta. Mizu yodzala nthawi yobzala imagawidwa mosiyanasiyana mbali zosiyanasiyana, mpaka kufikira zamoyo. Pansi pa zinthu zotere, muzu wa peyala sukulira kukula kwa dongo, koma m'lifupi, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, zakudya zimaperekedwa zaka zingapo pasadakhale.
Pakupezeka madzi pansi panthaka kapena malo otsika pomwe chinyezi chimasungidwa, makamaka nyengo yamvula ikasungunuka, m'malo omwe muli dothi lolemera, njira ina yodzalirira mmera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mtengo wachichepere umalimbikitsidwa kuti ubzalidwe pamuluwe wa dothi (kuchokera pa nthaka yachonde) wamtali pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu. Chaka chilichonse muyenera kuwonjezera dothi pamtunda, chifukwa zosowa za mtengowo zikukula.
Pa malo omwe ali ndi zonse zomwe mukufuna (chakudya, chinyezi, kutentha ndi kuwala), njira yofananira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala ndi kukulira peyala yaying'ono. Kubzala mabowo kumayamba kukonzekera kumayambiriro yophukira, pafupifupi masiku 15 mpaka 20 musanabzale. Choyamba, dzikolo limamasulidwa ku udzu ndi kukumba. Kenako zitsime zimayamitsidwa ndi masentimita 45-50, ndikusintha dothi - dothi lakumtunda limakulungidwa mbali imodzi, ndi lotsika linalo. Pakhomo la dzenje lirilonse ndi mita 1. Pansi pazenje muyenera kumasulidwa bwino. Mafuta okumba pansi omwe adakumba mu dzenjelo ayenera kukhala osakanikirana ndi zinthu zingapo - mchenga wowuma, peat, superphosphate, manyowa owola ndi feteleza wovuta wokhala phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Dera lokhala ndi acidity yambiri, timalimbikitsidwanso kuti tiwonjezere laimu (munthawi yazakudya) ndi choko (mwanjira ya ufa), koma manyowa atsopano sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amatha kuyambitsa kupsa kwamizu, zomwe zimatsogolera kuimfa.
Kubzala ndi Kusamalira Ngale
Kusankha ndi kukonza mbande
Olima dimba amalangizidwa kuti azigula mbande ali ndi chaka chimodzi kapena zaka ziwiri. Pogula, muyenera kupenda mosamalitsa mizu ndi kumtunda kwa mtengo. Sichikhala ndi zowonongeka, kuyanika kapena kuzimiririka, zizindikiro za matenda ndi tizilombo. Thunthu la mtengowo liyenera kukhala lamphamvu, lopanikizika, lopanda mawanga kapena zowola.
Ngati nthawi ya mizu kapena nthambi zawonongeka, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudulidwa. Tsiku loti mtengowo usabzalidwe, uyenera kutsanulidwa kukhala njira yothira uchi kapena kulowetsamo mullein.
Njira yodzala mbande
Mmera ubzalidwe pamtunda wokonzekereratu, kuwongola muzu mosamala. Pakatikati pa bowo pansi pa dzenje pali khomalo lamatabwa losungidwa lomwe limateteza khungwa kuti lisawonongeke.
Peyala yaing'ono ndiyenera kukhala pansi mwamphamvu, osatulutsa mpweya. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kolala yamizu ikhale osachepera 1-2 cm pamtunda. Dothi pafupi ndi thunthu la mtengo limapangidwa bwino, ndikusiya dzenje kuti lisunge madzi othirira. Kutsirira kumachitika nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa zidebe ziwiri kwa aliyense mmera. Kukula pafupi ndi thunthu la mtengo wazipatso kumathandizira kuti pang'onopang'ono nthaka ikhale pansi pa dzenje pafupi ndi muzu. Mtengo uliwonse umamangiriridwa kuchikhuni, ndipo dothi pafupi ndi thunthu limakutidwa ndi mulching wosanja (mwachitsanzo, masamba agwa kapena peat).
Kusamalira dothi
Kupalira ndi kumasula kwa dothi muzu woyambira kumachitika pafupipafupi katatu pamwezi, kuthirira - 1 nthawi pasabata.
Nthaka ikakhala mozungulira peyala itatha kusungunuka ngati mvula kapena matalala osungunuka, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nthaka yachonde munthawi. Sichiloledwa kuulula chomera, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti udzuwo uwume muzu ndi kufa kwa mtengowo. Malo ochulukirapo adzasokoneza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a matenda ena azioneka.
Malamulo othirira kwa achinyamata ndi mitengo ya achikulire
Peyala pazaka zakubadwa za 3-5 imathiriridwa pafupipafupi kamodzi pa sabata. Mitengo yakale ya zipatso imatha kunyowa ndi mvula yachilengedwe. Kupatulako ndikofunikira kokha kwa nyengo zowonjezera kuthirira - izi zimachitika mutangomaliza maluwa, mutakolola zipatso, kumayambiriro kwa masamba. Pakatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira, nthaka pafupi ndi thunthu limakutidwa ndi mulch.
Kula ndi kumanga chisoti chachifumu
Kudulira koyamba kwa mitengo kumalimbikitsidwa kale mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa peyala, koma nthawi zonse chisanayambe chisanu. Nthambi zonse kupatula chigoba zimakhala ndi "tsitsi" loterolo. Malo omwe mabala akumata amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi var vars.
Kutumizira nyengo yozizira
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukulunga mitengo yaying'ono, popeza sangathe kulekerera kuzizira. Kuphimba korona, burlap imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo thunthu - nthambi za spruce kapena chilichonse chopangidwa.
Ntchito feteleza
Peyala imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachitatu chokha cha moyo, ndipo nthawi imeneyi ndi yomwe ikufunika zakudya zina zowonjezera. Mpaka m'badwo uno, peyala safuna feteleza, makamaka akakhala kuti abweretsedwa m'maenje obzala.
Mu kasupe, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amayikidwa, ndipo nthawi yotentha ndi yophukira, umuna, womwe umaphatikizapo potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kuonjezera chinthu chachilengedwe m'nthaka yokwanira 1 mu zaka 3.
Kuyang'anira Tizilombo - Kuteteza
Njira zodzitetezera zimathandizira kuteteza mbewu za zipatso ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kupanga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kamodzi pachaka (masabata oyambilira a masika kapena nthawi yophukira - mu Okutobala-Novembala), kuphimba mitengo ikuluikulu ndikukutira.
Njira yothetsera kupopera mankhwalawa imakonzedwa kuchokera ku malita khumi a madzi ndi pafupifupi 700 ml ya urea.
Pakupukutira, njira yothirira madzi, sulfate yamkuwa (1%) ndi laimu yosenda yakonzedwa.
Mikwingwirima imachitidwa ndi kansalu wokutira.
Kututa kochulukira kwa mapeyala okhathamira komanso okoma, onunkhira komanso okoma mungapezeke kokha ndi chikhumbo champhamvu, kulimbikira, chisamaliro ndi kupirira.
