Zamoyo (senpolia) ndi maluwa osakhwima, omwe amanjenjemera ndipo samasiya aliyense wosachita nawo chidwi. Pali njira zingapo zodziwika za kufalikira kwa mbewu zam'nyumba izi, koma zotchipa kwambiri ndi kuyika masamba mu pansi kapena m'madzi. Ngati mukupirira ndikutsatira malamulo osavuta ndi malingaliro, ndiye kuti posachedwa pang'ono kuchokera tsamba laling'ono mungathe kudzala chomera chatsopano kunyumba.
Njira zoberekera senpolia: zoweta osati mitundu yokha ya kuswana
Senpolia ingafalitsidwe ndi nthangala, masamba, masamba, masamba am'mbali kapena masitepe, ma peduncle komanso ngakhale in vitro (in vitro). Kufotokozera mwachidule njira zomwe zalembedwazoperekedwa pagome lotsatirali.
Sikuti njira zonse zofalitsa ma violets ndizosavuta kugulitsa kunyumba.Njira zofalitsira ma violets:
| Njira zofalitsira | Zambiri Zofalitsa |
| Mbewu | Mbeu zazing'ono zazikazi zimabzalidwa ndipo zimasamalidwa bwino |
| Masamba | Tsamba limadulidwa kuchokera kwa chomera cha mayi ndi ozika m'madzi kapena nthaka |
| Magawo a masamba | Tsamba limadulidwa kuchokera kwa mayi chomera, linagawika pawiri, chilichonse chimabzalidwa. |
| Stepsons kapena malo ogulitsira | Ma stepsons kapena malo ogulitsira amawasiyanitsa ndi chitsamba ndi kubzala pansi |
| Zoyendetsa | Mapulogalamu okhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira pansi, kapena kudula ndi muzu |
| Mu vitro | Leaf agawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndipo muzu mu sing'anga wa michere |
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri yofalitsira ma violets ndi kufalitsa masamba. Ngakhale Woyambitsa kumene azigwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi.
Pofalitsa moyenera
Ndi magetsi okumba, senpolia imatha kubzala ndikupanga chaka chonse. Koma nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopezera ana ndi nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, pomwe mbewu zimalandira kutentha kokwanira komanso kuwala.
Olima maluwa ambiri amatha kupulumutsa mitundu yosowa kufalitsa tsamba la violet komanso nthawi yoziziraikagwa kunja kapena kuwomba mvula yamkuntho.
Momwe mungafalitsire violet gawo ndi gawo
Njira yofalitsira ma violets imakhala ndi magawo asanu otsatizana, omwe machitidwe omwe afotokozedwera tebulo lotsatirali.
Ndondomeko ya kufalikira kwa tsamba la violets:
| Masiteji | Zochita |
| 1 | Sankhani pepala kuti mulandire |
| 2 | Dulani phesi |
| 3 | Muzu tsamba mu madzi kapena pansi |
| 4 | Kubzala ana |
| 5 | Kudutsa matako achichepere |
Ngati mubzala maluwawo molondola, ndiye kuti Saintpaulia adzakupatsani ana athanzi.
Sankhani tsamba kuti mulande ndikukula
Senpolia adzabereka bwino panyumba, kutengera mtundu wa kubzala. Ngati tsamba ili loopsa, lakuwonongeka, kapena matenda, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mwana akhale wathanzi kuchokera pamenepo.
Thonje lomwe limasulidwa liyenera kukhala lathanzi kuti lipereke ana abwinoDulani phesi ayenera kutsatira izi::
- iyenera kukhala yathanzi, yamphamvu komanso yotanuka;
- iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri wamtunduwu;
- pasakhale ma banga kapena kuwonongeka pa pepala la pepalalo.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudula masamba a gawo lotsika (yoyamba); ndibwino kuwerengera mzere wachiwiri kapena wachitatu wa masamba kuchokera pansi ndikudula imodzi.
Ngati pepalali lodulidwa lakwinyika pang'ono, liwikeni kwa maola angapo mu madzi oyera, ofunda, otentha, opaka matenti angapo a potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako lolani kuti liume ndi kudula 3-4 masentimita kuchokera kumunsi kwa pepala
Dulani tsamba
Tsamba limatha kuthyoka pachomera, koma ndibwino kuti lizidula ndi mpeni, scalpel kapena chida china chakuthwa. Choyikirapo chimayenera kupakidwa pakona kuti chitha kuwonjezera malo ogwirapo, pomwe mizu imapangidwa.
Tsamba lodulidwa liyenera kutsaliridwa ndi madzi ofunda komanso bwino pumani kwa mphindi 15.
Kutalika kwa hemp yomwe yatsala pachomera atasiyanitsa ndi tsamba sikuyenera kukhala lalifupi kuposa 5 mm. Malo odulawo amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kaboni yophwanyika.
Gawo lotsatira: kuzula tsamba - kudzala m'madzi kapena dothi
Tsamba la Senpolia limatha kuzika mizu m'madzi kapena pansi.
Kuti muzu muzu mu madzi, timafunikira chotengera cha galasi lakuda ndi khosi lopapatiza, mwachitsanzo, botolo lamankhwala. Timachita izi:
- kutsanulira madzi osungunuka kapena madzi wamba oyambitsa kaboni;
- timakonza chidebe pachidebe pogwiritsa ntchito pepala;
- tsitsani nsonga ya chogwirizira chamadzi osapitilira 10 mm;
- chotsani thovu ndi chogwirizira ku dzuwa mwachindunji;
- Nthawi zonse amathira madzi okhazikika mu bubble kuti phesi lisaume.
Kuzika mizu m'madzi kumakhala chikhalire - nthawi ina mudzasinthira duwa kulowa pansiPambuyo pa masabata 2-4 kuchokera nthawi yomwe zodulidwazo zibzalidwe m'madzi, mizu idzaphukira. Mizu itakula mpaka masentimita 1-2, phesi limayenera kusinthidwa kukhala kapu ya pulasitiki yonyamula ndi pansi ndi nthaka
Ngati phesi lawola, lichotse pamadzi, dulani mosafunikira pamalo athanzi, dulani chidacho ndi makala okhoma ndi owuma kwa mphindi 30, ndikonzanso madzi mderali.
Muzu kuti mule pansi, mufunika chidebe chaching'ono monga kapu ya pulasitiki kapena mphika wokhala ndi mabowo pansi pake. Timachita izi:
- kutsanulira ngalande kapena kuthira dongo pansi pa thankiyo;
- timawonjezera pamwamba pamadziwo kuwala, lotayirira nthaka;
- pakati pa dothi timapanga dzinthu dzinthu ndi kuthira mzere wosakanizika ndi dothi mkati mwake.
- timakhazikitsa phesi pansi ndi 1.5 cm ndikuwadzaza pang'onopang'ono ndi dothi;
- kuthirira phesi pamene nthaka inyota.
Mizu yamaluwa m'nthaka nthawi zonse imathamanga kuposa madziMu gawo la dothi, masamba amatenga mizu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa madzi, koma sizingatheke kukonza momwe mizu imawonekera. M'madzi, masamba amamera mizu pang'onopang'ono, koma wosamalira mundawo amatha kuona momwe mizu imawonekera muulemerero wake wonse.
Kodi khanda lachiberekero limatha kuoneka nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Pafupifupi, masamba atsopano (makanda) amawonekera nthawi kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 3 miyezi, kutengera mtundu wa dothi komanso nyumba.
Momwe mungabzala masamba atsopano
Masamba achichepere (ana) okhala ndi masentimita 4-5 atawonekera m'munsi mwa tsinde, amafunika kuwaika m'mbale ina kapu kapena miphika yaying'ono. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani pepalali ndi ana muchidebe, gwedezani mbali ya dziko lapansi ndipo pezani ana mosamala kuti tsamba lililonse laling'ono lizikhala ndi mizu.
Ngati si ana onse omwe ali okonzeka kuthana, ndikofunikira kupatula zazikulu zomwe zingabzalidwe.
Ana a violetated violets angabzalidwe pokhapokha mtundu wobiriwira utayamba kukula mu utoto wawo. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yobiriwira kumawonetsa chlorophyll chokwanira chomera komanso kukula kwa chomera chaching'ono
Ana amabzalidwa chimodzimodzi monga kudula. Ndi bwino kuti musagwedezere pansi kuchokera pamizu yawo. Ana ndi mizu yolimba, mutha kubzala nthawi yomweyo mu dothi lapansi, ndi ofooka - dzenje ndi osakaniza a Moss ndi perlite.
Kuti mbeu izitha kupulumuka bwino, ndibwino kuziyika kwa milungu ingapo pansi pa nyumba yobiriwira yopangidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki.
Kubzala mitengo yaching'ono mumphika watsopano
Pa gawo lotsatira, ma rosette achichepere, okhala ndi mulifupi wamphika wa nthawi 1.5-2, amawasokoneza kukhala malamba akuluakulu. Pakadutsa, dziko lapansi kuchokera kumizu silikugwedezeka, koma limayikidwa mumphika watsopano, wokulirapo, chomera ndi chotupa, ndipo ma voids amadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Mukasamutsa, musaiwale kuti maluwa atsopano ayenera kukhala akulu kuposa akalePambuyo pakupanga masamba okwanira angapo, masamba (ana) amachotsedwa. Ngati phesi lawululidwa, zitha kutero kuphimba ndi pansi kapena kukulitsa nyansiyo m'nthakaosagona pomwe masamba a masamba am'munsi.
Zikhalidwe zapakhomo pakukula kwa violets: lapansi, kutentha kwa chipinda, kuzika kwamizu
Kuti tsamba la violet (wamba kapena laling'ono) lifike mizu msanga kenako ndikusanduka chitsamba cholimba, champhamvu komanso chathanzi, zomwe zalembedwa patebulo lotsatira ziyenera kuonedwa.
Zoyenera kusunga ndikukula:
| Magawo | Mfundo Zapamwamba |
| Dothi | Opepuka, opatsa thanzi |
| Kutentha kwa mpweya, ◦◦ | 22-26 |
| Kuthirira | Yunifolomu, pafupipafupi |
| Masana masana | 12 |
| Chinyezi,% | 50-60 |
Ziwawa zimazika mizu m'dothi lopepuka, lopatsa thanzi, lomwe limatha kupangidwa mwaokha kuchokera kumchenga, peat ndi dothi la pepala (1: 1: 4), kapena kugula m'sitolo.
Mukamapanga gawo lapansi nokha, onani kuchuluka kwakeKutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho kuti mukule violets kuyenera kukhala pa 22 ° C-26 ° C, ndipo chinyezi sichiyenera kukhala chotsika kuposa 50-60%. Kupanda kutero, sizingatheke kubzala maluwa bwino.
Violet amafunikira madzi pafupipafupi ndi madzi okhazikika ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, idyani ndi feteleza apadera a senpolia.
Ngati zomwe zalembedwa patebulopo zimawonedwa, ndiye kuti chomera champhamvu komanso chathanzi chitha kulimidwa kuchokera kankhuni kakang'ono.
Kuthirira violets pambuyo Thirani
Mukangokwanitsa, simuyenera kuthirira mavalo. Ndikwabwino kuzisiyira tsiku limodzi padziko lapansi. Ngati dothi lomwe lili mumphika louma kwambiri, thirani madzi pang'ono mupoto. Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, chotsani madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera ku sump.
Kutsirira kwapamwamba
Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuthirira mbewu. pamwamba pa nthaka, pansi pa masamba. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira ndi mphuno yayitali. Palibe chifukwa choti madzi azilowa masamba, makamaka pakati penipeni.
Mukathirira pamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti madzi asalowe pakatikati pa malo ogulitsiraNgati izi zidachitikabe - chotsani duwaalo pamalo ofunda kwambiri mpaka pouma kwathunthu.
Kuthirira mu poto
Kuthirira mu poto pansi pa mphika, mabowo okumba ayenera kupangidwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lambiri. Nthaka yokhala ndi dothi yambiri sangathe kulowa pansi mwamadzi, ndipo malo ena ali mumphika adzakhalabe owuma. Moyenera, kuti pakadutsa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 dothi lonyowa lizikhala lonyowa kwathunthu, mpaka pamwamba pamphika.
Wing kuthirira
Njira yothirira iyi imatchedwa hydroponics. Chinsinsi chake ndi motere. Chingwe chimakoka mumphika, ndipo pamapeto pake chimayikidwa m'chiwiya chamadzi. Madzi amalowetsa chingwecho ndikumeza pansi pa dothi.
Kutsirira kwanzeru ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo ndikotchuka pakati pa wamaluwaChifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa ma violets kuyenera kuyamwa, koma ngati mungachite zonse bwino, mbewuyo imakusangalatsani ndi thanzi labwino, mawonekedwe okongola ndi mitundu yodabwitsa komanso yosalala.
