Oimira genus kuthengo amapezeka m'maiko a Central ndi South America. Marigolds amalimidwa ku Mexico, Chile, Brazil, France, Morocco, Belgium, Congo, ndi ena. M'dziko lathu, marigold ang'onoang'ono amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Transcaucasia ngati chomera chakunja. Marigolds amalimidwa kwambiri ngati mbewu zokongoletsera, makamaka mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu.
Marigolds. © Nickolas TitkovMarigolds (lat. Tagete) - mtundu wazomera wazaka ndi zakale kuchokera ku banja la Astrovidae, kapena Compositae. Amachokera ku America, komwe amakulira kuchokera ku New Mexico ndi Arizona kupita ku Argentina. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zowoneka bwino, zophukira, zimapanga chitsamba chokhazikika kapena chophukika chotalika 20 mpaka 120. Mizu yake ndi yotupa.
Masamba - cirrus dissected kapena cirrostratus, osakhala kwathunthu, mano, kuchokera pakuwala mpaka kumdima wobiriwira, moyang'anizana kapena wotsatira, ndi tiziwala tambiri.
Ma inflorescence ndi mabasiketi, osavuta kapena awiri, achikaso, lalanje kapena bulauni. Atsogoleri a nthumwi zamtunduwu ndi a saizi yayitali, ali ndi bulangeti lamiyala yokhala ndi mzere umodzi wamapepala ophatikizidwa; maluwa achikazi - bango; achenes mzere, wochepetsedwa mpaka pansi. Phula kwambiri kuyambira Juni mpaka chisanu.
Chipatsochi ndi chakuda kapena chakuda chakuda kwambiri. Mbewu zimakhalabe zotheka kwa zaka 3-4. Mu 1 g kuchokera pa 280 mpaka 700 mbewu.
Fungo la zomera, zokumbukira za asters, zachindunji, kwa winawake zingakhale zosasangalatsa. Tagete patula L. nthawi zambiri amaberekedwa, wokhala ndi malilime achikasu ndi nthambi zowongoka.
Marigolds. © Taco WitteKukula
Ambiri wamaluwa amadziwa kuti marigolds ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo samafuna kuti mbewuyo ikukula. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa marigolds omwe akukanidwa, omwe amakula ngakhale magalimoto otanganidwa, amalola bwino zovuta zoyipa ndi mpweya wamagetsi, malo opanda nthaka komanso malovu okhala kumatauni.
Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zimakonda malo otseguka, ngakhale zitabzalidwe m'malo otetezeka m'mundawo, zimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa awo osaiwalika. Dothi lodzala ndikubzala marigold liyenera kusankhidwa lachonde, losaloledwa, loamy, ndi mulingo wokwanira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ma marigold atakhala kuti amakonda malo a dzuwa ndipo sakonda kuphukira pamthunzi.
Marigolds amakonda chidwi ndi chisamaliro, chifukwa cha mbuye wawo pakukula ndikupereka maluwa ambiri komanso atali. Kuti chomera chanu chikhale bwino pamtunda wosauka, muyenera kudyetsa marigold nthawi zosachepera 2-3 nthawi yonse yomwe mukukula.
Zomera izi zimatha kulimidwa mumiphika, mbale zosaya, maluwa komanso maluwa pabedi kapena m'munda, padera kapena palimodzi ndi mbewu zina zapachaka, komanso kukongoletsa mabedi a maluwa ndi malire awo, zomwe zimapangitsa marigolds kukhala chofunikira chokha chokongoletsera.
Mwayi wofunika wa maluwa odabwitsawa ndi kukwera kwawo kosagwirizana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ma phytoncides okhala masamba a marigold amathanso kusintha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, nthawi zina mwendo wakuda, zowola imvi, zowola muzu, matenda a bakiteriya ndi nematode zimakhudza mbewu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthane ndi tizirombo.
Marigolds. © KENPEIKuswana
Mbewu. Marigolds amafesedwa poyera kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June. Mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 5-10 mutabzala. Ndikofunika kubisa dothi ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu (acrylic, lutrasil). Poterepa, mutha kubzala sabata ndi theka kuposa kale ndipo potengera izi zimathamanga maluwa.
Mukukula mbande kale kuposa ena, mkati mwa March, marigobes amafesedwa wowongoka. Marigolds okanidwa ndi owonda-zofesedwa amabzala kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Kutengera ndi masiku ofesedwa, maluwa onse atatu ayambira mu June. Mbande za Marigold zitha kubzalidwa mosavuta m'nyumba zowoneka bwino pawindo, komanso bwino mu greenhouse za filimu pomwe mbewu ndizomwe zimakhala zolimba. Kuti mbande izikhala yathanzi, mumafunikira dothi lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi (1 gawo humus + 1 mbali peat + 1 gawo sod land + 0.5 mbali ya mchenga), kutentha kwambiri kwa 18-22 ° C ndi kuthirira pang'ono. Marigolds omwe akukanidwa safunikira padziko lapansi komanso kutentha. Ngakhale mbande za marigold zimawonedwa ngati zopanda phindu, ndibwino kuti muthe kufesa dothi, makamaka la marigolds ofunda, olimba kuposa mitundu ina yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda.
Mbande ingabzalidwe mu bokosi, mbale kapena mphika. Pansi, kutsanulira ngalande (mwala woponderezedwa, dongo lotukulidwa, mchenga wowuma) wokhala ndi masentimita atatu kapena kupanga mabowo. Kupanda kutero, mbewu zitha kufa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Poyamba, 2/3 dothi limatsanuliridwa mu ngalande, ndipo dengali limapangidwa ndi dzanja kapena kupukuta. Danga lotsatira liyenera kukhala lotayirira kuti mizu yophukira ikhale ndi mpweya wokwanira. Nthaka sayenera kufikira m'mphepete mwa thankiyo ndi masentimita 1-2. Nthaka yokonzedwayo imathiridwa bwino ndikusiyidwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri pamalo otentha kuti "ipume".
Mbewu za Marigold ndi zazikulupo, motero, zimatha kufalikira mosamalitsa m'miyala motalikirana masentimita 1-1.5. Mtunda pakati pa patsekelo ndi 1.5-2 cm. Mbewu zodontha zimavutika kwambiri chifukwa chosowa kuwala ndikukula. Amatha kudwala ngakhale ndi “mwendo wakuda”.
Njira yosavuta ndikupeza njira zopezera milingo yobzala mbeu zobzalira. Kuti kumere, kuyenera kuyikidwa pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza sopo ndikuyika mu thumba la pulasitiki, ndikuyika malo otentha. Pakatha masiku 2-3, njere zimaluma. Mbeu zowola zimaphimbidwa ndi dothi la masentimita 0.5-1. Mbeu zofowoka zitha kufa ndikuuma. Ngati njerezo zili m'manda kwambiri mu dothi, sizingathenso kutuluka, makamaka m'mizere yopapatiza. Mutabzala, dothi lakumtunda limathiriridwa bwino, ndikuphimbidwa ndi pepala. Zotetezazo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha (22-25 ° C) ndikuwunika chinyezi. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-7, mbande zimawonekera ndipo zotengera ziyenera kusamutsidwa m'malo owala pamtunda wotsika (18-20 ° C).
Ngati mbande idakulirabe, iyenera kudumphira pansi. Mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala m'nthaka yabwino ndikubzala mu bowo, ndikuzama kuti cotyledons. Izi zikuthandizira kupanga mizu yatsopano. Mbande zabwino panthawi yakubzala zimakhala ndi awiriawiri masamba ndi mizu yamphamvu. Mbande zibzalidwe pansi kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June. Zomera zobzalidwa m'nthaka 1-2 cm mozama kuposa momwe zidalili kale. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zimatengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Ma hybrids apamwamba komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya marigold amabzalidwa malinga ndi chiwembu 40 x 40 cm, mitundu yapakatikati ndi F1 hybrids 30 x 30 cm ndi mitundu yotsika komanso hybrids yamitundu yonse 20 x 20 cm.
Wogulitsayo amaloledwa mosavuta nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale mutakhala maluwa.
Marigolds. © KENPEIKukolola Marigolds ndi Kusunga
Marigolds nthawi zambiri amatengedwa nthawi yamaluwa akuluakulu (monga lamulo, iyi ndiye zaka khumi zachiwiri za Julayi). Maluwa amadulidwa kutalika kwa 15 masentimita kuchokera panthaka ndipo zida zopangira (mafuta ofunikira) zimatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo ku bizinesi kuti ikonzedwe kapena zouma pamithunzi.
Ziyeso za marigolds zomwe taziwonetsa pamwambazi zimakololedwa panthawi yomwe mbewuzo zimacha pakumera kwapakati komanso kumera kwa mbewu yoyamba ija. Ngati mungodikirira pang'onopang'ono mukukolola, izi zingayambitse kukhetsa mbewu. Mukamaliza ntchito yodulira mbewu, ma kanjira amayenera kumasulidwa kwathunthu.
Ma marigold ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa pa maluwa ambiri osiyanasiyana (theka lachiwiri la Seputembala). Maluwa amadula (ngati nkotheka) pamlingo wa masamba amphamvu (monga lamulo, ndi 30- 35 cm kuchokera panthaka).
Zomera zam'munda zimakolola pomwe mbeu zake zikuphuka pakumera kaphukira ndi mphukira zoyambirira za mbewu. Posakhalitsa kuyanika ma marigold m'chipinda chamdima komanso chouma, mbewu za mbewu zimatulutsidwa mosavuta.
Zipangizo zopangira mafuta ofunikira ndi gawo lonse la pamtunda theka la mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatulidwa kumene. Mafuta ofunikira a Marigold ali m'malo opanda ufulu ndipo amamasulidwa popanda zovuta panthawi yomwe amavula kapena kutulutsa ndi zotulutsira kosasunthika. Ngati zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira, marigolds ziyenera kuyesedwa pamthunzi, popeza kuchuluka ndi mafuta ofunikira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri pakuwumitsa dzuwa.
Marigold wocheperako. © Goku122Mitundu ndi mitundu
Fungo lamphamvu kwambiri limadziwika ndi mitundu yonse ya marigold. Komanso, maluwa awo amanunkhira pang'ono, masamba - amphamvu. Marigolds amakula m'mitundu itatu yayikulu: eage (Tagetes erecta), wokanidwa (Tagetes patula) ndi woonda-leaved (Tagetes tenuifolia).
Tagete akhazikika
Amadziwikanso kuti Africa, ngakhale akuchokera ku Amereka - amphamvu, 40 mpaka 100 masentimita amtali wamitundu yonse ndiwofiyira, wamkulu kwambiri, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi masentimita 7 mpaka 15.
Marigolds ndiwowoneka bwino. © AkaZosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika: chimphona - pamtunda wa 90 cm; kutalika - 60-90 cm; sing'anga - 45-60 cm; otsika - mpaka 45 cm.
Antigua ('Antigua') - wamtali 20 cm, koma amapanga ma inflorescence ambiri mpaka 10 cm m'mimba mwake ndi utoto wowala wachikaso kapena lalanje.
Mwala Woyera ('Gelber Stein') - Zopanda mpaka 70 cm. Ma inflorescence ndi mawonekedwe a chrysanthemum, owala achikasu amtundu wagolide, okhala ndi mainchesi 7-8 cm.
Dollar Wagolide - Mabasi ndi yaying'ono, 90-120 cm. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zoterera, zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira akuda. Ma inflorescence ndi ma cloves, pafupifupi ozungulira, owirikiza kawiri, 7-8 masentimita, red-lalanje, onunkhira. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira, zimayambira kuyambira Juni koyambirira mpaka chisanu.
Kuwala wagolide ('Goldlicht') - Mabasi ndi yaying'ono, 60-75 masentimita. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zotuwa, zobiriwira zowala bwino komanso zotuwa. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira akuda. Ma inflorescence ndi carnation, hemispherical, terry, 8-10 masentimita. Maluwa a Reed ndi lalanje wowala. Maluwa a Tubular ndi ovekedwa korona, osati ambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zachedwa. Limamasaka kuyambira kumapeto kwa June mpaka chisanu.
Solar ('Sonnenschein') - Mabasi a mawonekedwe wamba, 40-50 cm wamtali, yaying'ono. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zotuwa, zobiriwira. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira. Inflorescence ndi chrysanthemum-ngati, 5-6 masentimita, chikasu chagolide, pamakhala maluwa akulu akulu akulu okhala ndi corolla lobes yokhotakhota pansi ndi mzere umodzi wa maluwa bango wopindika. Chalangizidwa kuti zikafikire gulu.
Mphoto wa Ndimu ('Zitronen preis') - Mabasi a mawonekedwe wamba, 65-80 cm wamtali, yaying'ono. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zobiriwira zakuda komanso zophulika. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira akuda. Ma inflorescence ndi ma cloves, 8-10 masentimita awiri, ozungulira, bushy, mandimu achikasu. Limamasula kuyambira m'ma June mpaka chisanu. Yalimbikitsidwira magulu apamwamba komanso odula.
Marigolds anakana
Nthawi zina amatchedwa French - otsika kwambiri, 20-25 cm.Uchulukitsidwe wawo umatha kukhala wowirikiza komanso osakhala wowirikiza, koma izi siwokongola, 4-7 masentimita, chikasu ndi lalanje, komanso zofiirira, nthawi zina mamvekedwe awiri.
Marigolds anakana. © VinayarajZosiyanasiyana
Mpira Wagolide ('Mpira Wagolide') - Kufalikira tchire, lalitali masentimita 50-60, lalitali kwambiri. Mphukira ndi zamphamvu, zobiriwira, zokhala ndi duwa lofiirira, lotuwa. Masamba ndi ofanana kukula, wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi osavuta komanso theka-awiri, 4-5 cm. Maluwa a Reed ali m'mizere 1-2, ofiira, ofiira. Maluwa a Tubular ndi achikaso chagolide. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula koyambirira kwa June mpaka chisanu. Kudula kwabwino.
Mutu wagolide ('Gold Kopchen') - Zitsamba ndizabwino, 20-25 cm, zazitali zamasamba. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zobiriwira, komanso zotuwa. Masamba ndi ofanana kukula, wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi chrysanthemum-ngati, pawiri, 3.5-4 masentimita, ali ndi maluwa achikasu amtali, maluwa otambalala otambasuka ndi mzere umodzi wamaluwa ofiira amdima, oterera pansi, m'mphepete pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June kudzafika ku chisanu.
Mfumukazi Sofia ('Mfumukazi Sophia') - Ma inflorescence samayenda kwambiri ngati mawu awiri: ofiira wokhala ndi malire amkuwa ndi lalanje, pang'ono pang'ono amawonekera padzuwa, kupeza mthunzi wa bulauni, 7 cm.
Mafuta a Ndimu ('Ndimu ya Ndimu') - Zitsamba zimapangika, 20-30 cm wamtali, pafupifupi, ozungulira, wopindika, wamasamba ochepa. Mphukira zake ndi zolimba, zakuda, komanso nthiti zofiira zakuda. Masamba ndi ofanana kukula, wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi ma cloves, pawiri, 3.5-4 masentimita, amangokhala ndi maluwa owala mabango achikasu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa Juni kuti chisanu.Chimalimbikitsidwa pamabedi amaluwa, rabatok, kukongoletsa makonde ndi miphika.
Malawi a Orange ('Orange Flamme') - Wopanda mpaka 20-30 cm wamtali, wopendekeka, wokhala ndi masamba. Mphukira ndi zamphamvu, zobiriwira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira. Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono ndi lobes yaying'ono-lanceolate. Ma inflorescence ndi chrysanthemum-ngati, pawiri, masentimita 3.5-4,5, wokhala ndi maluwa otambalala owoneka bwino okhala ndi mikwaso yofiyira ndi mzera umodzi wamabango, ofiira ofiira pansi, maluwa okongola okhala ndi malo achikaso kumunsi ndi malire achikasu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula koyambirira kwa June mpaka chisanu.
Fireball ('Feuer mpira') - Zofalitsa tchire, 55-70 cm kutalika, nthambi zolimba. Mphukira zake ndi zamphamvu, zotuwa, zobiriwira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira. Masamba obiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi osavuta, 4-5 cm. Maluwa a Reed amakonzedwa mu mzere umodzi, ofiira ofiira kumbali yakumtunda, velvety, chikasu chowoneka pansi. Maluwa amtundu wa lalanje wokhala ndi malalanje ndi malangizo a bulauni, amapanga mawonekedwe a convex. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula koyambirira kwa June mpaka chisanu. Chalangizidwa kudula.
Marigold wocheperako
Tagete marigolds okhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 masentimita ndi otseguka, masamba odulidwa pang'ono komanso ochepa kwambiri, masentimita awiri awiri, inflorescence osakhala pawiri. Maluwa ake ndi achikaso, lalanje komanso ofiira.
Zonsezi zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi thermophilic, zojambula komanso zololera kwambiri chilala. Mbewu zazikulu zooneka ngati ndodo zimabzalidwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-8.
Mbande, zomwe nthawi zina zimaphukira kale, zibzyala m'munda wamaluwa itatha chisanu. Zomera zimayamba kuzika mosavuta mutabzala, ngakhale mutakhala maluwa. Ndipo amatulutsa maluwa oundana, omwe marigoldan onse amawopa kwambiri.
Marigold wocheperako. © Kor! AnZosiyanasiyana
Golide Golide - Bush 40-50 cm wamtali wopindika, wozungulira, wopindika. Mphukira ndi zoonda, zosalimba, zobiriwira. Masambawo ndi ang'ono, ophatikizidwa m'makola ochepa. Ma inflorescence ndi ochepa, 2,5-2 cm mulifupi, maluwa osavuta, mabango okumbika, chikasu chowala, maluwa a tubular ndi ochepa, lalanje wokhala ndi madontho a bulauni m'mphepete mwa ma corolla lobes. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula koyambirira kwa June mpaka chisanu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa rabatok ndi malire okwera.
Gnom ('Gnom') - Wopanda 20-25 cm, wamtali, wopindika, wokhala ndi masamba. Mphukira zake ndi zolimba, zopyapyala, zobiriwira. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi loboti yaying'ono. Ma inflorescence ndi ochepa, 2-2,5 masentimita awiri, ali ndi maluwa owoneka bwino a bango achikasu asanu ndi ochepa, tubular, lalanje. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira. Limamasula koyambirira kwa June mpaka chisanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malire, maluwa mabedi, kuchotsera, masifadi, miphika, chikhalidwe champhika.
Mafuta a Ndimu ('Ndimu ya Ndimu') - Amakhala wamtali 28-34 cm, wamtali, mawonekedwe. Zomera ndizomera, zimaphuka kwambiri. Ma inflorescence ndi kuwala achikasu ndi tint ya mandimu.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
A mwayi wabwino wa marigolds ndi kukana kwake tizirombo ndi matenda. Ma phytoncides omwe amasungidwa ndi masamba amawopsyeza tizilombo, kuphatikizapo omwe amalima dothi. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala mwendo wakuda, zowola imvi, zowola za mizu ndi maziko a tsinde oyambitsidwa ndi bowa, bacteria ndi nematode matenda.
Marigolds. © Maja DumatKugwiritsa
Mafuta ofunikira a chomera ndi achikaso kapena amber, mobile, onunkhira kwamaluwa okhala ndi zolemba zazipatso.Gawo lalikulu ndi Ocimen (50%); α-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, limononene, p-cymol, citral, linalool, p-terpinene ndi enanso akupezekanso.
Pophika, marigold amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ena a Latin America ndi Europe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zonunkhira zomwe amakonda kwambiri zaku Georgia, pomwe amatchedwa kuti Imereti safironi. Mabasiketi owuma ndi ufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Marigolds amawonjezeredwa ndi ma appetizer kuchokera ku nyemba ndi masamba, ku mbale zomwe zimaphatikizapo walnuts. Spice ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusakaniza msuzi.
Marigolds. © Alfred DiemZakudya zachiwiri za zakudya zaku Georgia zimayenda bwino ndi marigold: ng'ombe fillet mu msuzi wa phwetekere-phwetekere, piglet yophika, tripe yokazinga ndi tomato. Amakonzedwanso ndimakina ena otentha a nsomba. Koma fungo lokhazikika komanso kukoma kwake zimapatsa zonunkhira za zakudya zotentha za nkhuku: nkhuku ndi mtedza, nkhuku pa malovu, nkhuku yokazinga. Sipuni za Marigold zimapatsa mwayi wapadera.
Kuyambira ndili mwana ndimakumbukira ma marigold mdziko lathu lanyumba! Wotentha kwambiri, wokongola. Agogo adawagwiritsa ntchito mwapadera, njira yolowera mnyumbayo idakhala mbali zokhala ndi ma marigold, mumayenda mozungulira ngati kuti mwazunguliridwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuŵa, mamvedwewo amatuluka!
Kuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!
