Maluwa okongola, osowa komanso ali pangozi, ndi osowa kwambiri m'minda yathu. Mitengo ya Orchis inali yokwanira kusilira nkhalango, koma lero izi ndizosowa kwambiri kotero kuti mutha kuzisangalala nazo pokha pokha. Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndikuwasungidwa mosamala, chodabwitsa chamtsogolo chokhala ndi makandulo a ulalo wa inflorescence lero chikugawika mwachikhalidwe. Orchis wakula chifukwa cha zamankhwala, ndipo m'minda imatha kukhala kunyadira kwenikweni kosonkhanitsa. Kukula kwa orchid sikophweka, koma ndi koyenera kuchita chilichonse.
Orchis wamwamuna (Orchis mascula).
Maluwa okongola komanso onyada
Orchis, orchid wamtchire, misozi ya cuckoo, orchid - monga mbewu yosangalatsa iyi ndi ya regal siyitchedwa, kukongola kwake sikudzatha. Orchis ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri ndi maluwa. Kuti mumvetsetse kukongola kwa maluwa, muyenera kuiganizira mozama. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndichotsimikizika - woyenerera bwino kusankha mawu akuti "chidutswa", nyenyezi yayikulu ndiyovuta kupeza ngakhale pa exotic.
Koma tisanayamire kukongola kwa maluwa, tiyeni tinene chinthu chachikulu: ndi chomera chotetezeka, chosatha, chomwe sichingapezeke m'munda mwanu mwachilengedwe. Orchis, ngakhale mutakhala ndi mwayi kuti mupeze nkhalango, siyani momwe ikukhalira.
Maluwa a maluwa otulutsa maluwa, monga maluwa ovala chipale chofewa omwe ali ndi maluwa a m'chigwacho, ndiwo mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zokongoletsera komanso kulima mafakitale. Ndipo ngakhale sizipezeka paliponse, mutha kugula mbande kapena mbewu polamula pamndandanda. Mukamagula mbewu kuchokera kwa wamaluwa wamba kapena mumsika, onetsetsani kuti musatenge nawo gawo lochepetsa zachilengedwe zodabwitsazi.
Kufotokozera kwa Orchis
Orchis sidzapitilira theka la mita, koma yolimba komanso yowala kotero kuti imakweza opikisana nawo mosavuta. Rhizomes yayamba kunenepa, ovoid, ndikuthokoza kwa iwo kuti maluwa amatchedwa dzina. Masamba "akukumbatira" angapo owongoka bwino, atali, lanceolate, akukoka mu mapesi. Mtundu wa zobiriwira umakhudzana ndi ma orchid omwe ali ndi chimanga, koma ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a kukula, ndipo mtundu wobiriwira wowala komanso wokhuthala umasiyanitsa mbewuyo ndi maziko a zipatso zakale.
Lachilatini Orchis amachokera ku Greek wina. ὄρχngeς (testicle) chifukwa cha timachubu tofanana ndi ma testicles. M'mabuku otanthauzira a etymological pali mitundu ingapo ya komwe dzina la ku Russia lidayambira: mwina chifukwa choti muzu wa orchis umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati potion wachikondi - duwa la ma syringes, kapena kuchokera ku liu la mawu akuti yatro (dzira), kapena malinga ndi V. I Dahl, kuchokera ku "nucleolus" ( pakati). Orchis amatchedwanso "misozi ya cuckoo" kapena "misozi."
Charred Neotinea, Calcined Neotinea (Neotinea ustulata), kapena Calcium Orchis (Orchis ustulata).
Zomera zokongola kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa. Pa maudzu akuluakulu okhala ndi masamba opindika amaoneka ngati ma 15- 20c. Maluwa ovuta kukhala okhathamira amakhala mwamtali, kukula kwake - 2 cm - - sikasokoneza kuyerekezera kwamaluwa ndi maluwa. Maluwa a Orchis, ngakhale si akulukulu, koma owoneka bwino. Masamba a mizere yakunja ndi yamkati amawapanga kukhala ngati "chisoti", milomo imakhala mbali zitatu, ndipo masamba apamwamba ndi apansi amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. M'maluwa okongola kwambiri, milomo imakonda kukongoletsedwa ndi maula, ndipo kupindika, komwe kumakhala kofanana kukula kwa ovary, kumapatsanso duwa chisomo chodabwitsa.
Orchis pachimake kutalika kokwanira. Zithunzi zamitchi yamaluwa zimayamba mu Epulo kapena Meyi m'mitundu yotsika pang'ono ndipo mu June mu zazikulu, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa imasiyana milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi ingapo. Mitundu yambiri imatha kudzitamandira lonunkhira, koma mutayang'anitsitsa momwe inflorescence, zolemba zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa ndi vanilla, zomwe zimadziwikanso kwa onse omwe amakulitsa maluwa a mkati, amawoneka momveka bwino.
Orchis osiyanasiyana
Pafupifupi mitundu zana ya maluwa omwe amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wamaluwa amtchire, ndipo onsewa ali ofanana mu maluwa. Komanso, maluwa ambiri ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala chomera chamaluwa chochititsa chidwi.
Chodziwika bwino kwambiri pakukongoletsa minda ndi mtundu umodzi - maluwa okongola (orchis maculata) Koma ndi gulu lake komanso kuphatikiza ndi ma orchid ndi mikangano yambiri. Zowonadi, mu chomera mizu yake ndi yopanda ma kanjedza, osati ovoid, monga m'maluwa ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale masiku ano, olima minda ndi mitengo amaiona kuti ndi nyama dactylorhiza maculata, kapena rosacea. Koma popeza kusiyana pakati pa mbeu kumangokhala masamba akulu ndi mitundu yowongoka kwambiri, osati m'malo othandiza kukula, nkovuta kunena kuti kusiyana ndikofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyi lero ikuphatikizidwa zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi.
Chilichonse chomwe chimatchedwa orchis chimatchedwa, chinthu chimodzi ndichotsimikizika - mbewu iyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Herbaceous osatha wokhala ndi mizu yothinitsidwa, yokhala ndi zala ndipo imaphukira kuyambira 15 mpaka 60 cm kutalika kwake ndikosangalatsa. Masamba a mazira-lanceolate, ndikulowetsa mu petiole ndikugwira zimayambira, kupanga mawonekedwe otsetsereka. Peduncles korona wamasamba akuwombera. Masipika okhala ngati maluwa okhala ngati maluwa oyamba kutuluka ndi iwo ndi siponji yokhala ndi mbali zitatu, mawonekedwe owoneka onyansa komanso mtundu wowoneka bwino. Maluwa ofiirira, oyera kapena oyera pachithunzi cha maluwa owoneka bwino nthawi zonse amakongoletsedwa ndi malo akuda okongoletsa. Masamba a orchisowa nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu. Chomera chimadzala theka lachiwiri la Meyi, maluwa amatenga milungu iwiri mpaka mwezi, kutengera nyengo.
Mitundu ya Orchis maculata (Orchis maculata, kapena Orchis wamawangamawanga) ilowa m'gulu la mitundu ya mitundu ya Palmatocoriscus maculata, kapena Palmatokorennik madontho (Dactylorhiza maculata).
Kuchokera ku ma orchid enieni, mitundu yoyambirira yazomera, yokongoletsa m'munda ndizoyala:
- Orchis wamwamuna (Orchis mascula- - imodzi yamaluwa owala bwino okhala ndi tsinde komanso masamba, maluwa owoneka bwino ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi milomo yoluka bwino komanso yokongoletsedwa yoyera pamalo ake, malo ang'onoang'ono amdima (duwa lotulutsa maluwa mu Epulo-Meyi, mosavuta zopindulitsa ku hybridization ndi kusankha);
- zachilendo kwambiri Orchis magenta (Orchis purpurea) wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba owala kwambiri a chigwa ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka ngati pang'onopang'ono (pamtunduwu, milomo imaswanidwa, yayikulu kwambiri, yosanjidwa bwino, ndipo maluwa oyera oyera amakhala ofala ndi timadontho tating'ono tating'ono);
- zachilendo, ndi piramidi wandiweyani inflorescence ndi zingwe mphamvu Orchis Monkey (Orchis simia) theka la mita kutalika kwake ndi masamba ataliatali komanso fungo la uchi (maluwa okhala ndi masamba ataliitali otuwa, pafupifupi oyera, okhala ndi kachidutswa kokongola ndi mikwingwirima m'mphepete, amafanana ndi nyani;
Orchis wamwamuna (Orchis mascula).
Orchis purpurea (Orchis purpurea).
Orchis simian (Orchis simia).
- Orchis yaying'ono (Orchis punctulata) okhala ndi inflorescence yachikasu yobiriwira ndi mitengo yazomera yowala;
- apamwamba kwambiri a Orthisis wamkulu (Orchis maxima) mpaka 70 masentimita okwera ndi ma inflorescence amphamvu onunkhira, chisoti chamkaka ndi milomo, kusintha kwamtundu wamadzi kuchokera ku lilac kumayera, kuyatsidwa bwino ndi notch yakuya pakamwa;
Pakadali pano, si mtundu wodziimira pawokha, amaonedwa ngati mtundu wa Orchis purpurea (Orchis purpurea) - Orchis ndi wotumbululuka (Ma orchis- - chomera chofikira mpaka 30cm chokhala ndi obovate, chotalika bwino chimafikira 11cm kutalika ndi spikelet wandiweyani wa inflorescence wokhala ndi maluwa akulu, owala achikasu, malalanje kapena malalanje, maluwa amtundu wa lanceolate ndi fungo loyambirira lofanana ndi elderberry;
- Umboni Orchis (Orchis provinceis) wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi maluwa akulu osasinthika pang'ono, omwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, wachikaso ndi malo owonekera;
Orchis yaying'ono-point (Orchis punctulata).
Orchis pale (Orchis pallens).
Orchis Provence (Orchis provinceis).
- kakulidwe kakang'ono koma kowoneka bwino Orchis wobiriwira (Orchis viridifusca), masamba a Orchis Spitzel (Orchis spitzelii), wokhala ndi masentimita 30 okha wokhala ndi dambo la masamba otambalala, maluwa obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi milomo yayikulu komanso osavala chipewa chowoneka bwino, atoleredwa m'miyala yaying'ono ya inflorescence ndi mnzake Orchis wobiriwira chikaso (Orchis chlorotica), yomwe imagwirizana ndi (Anacamptis kolola), wokhala ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu ndi opepuka;
- wampikisano yaying'ono wa violets Orchis chopukutira (Orchis morio) wokhala ndi masentimita 15-20 okha ndi masamba obiriwira pansi pa mphukira ndi mawonekedwe osowa, ofupikirapo a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri a lilac-violet, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi kuzungulira kwa ng'ombe terling (chomera chimakhala pansi mobisa kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo kuchokera masamba atatu okha ndi ma peduncle amawonekera);
- Orchis slamform (Orchis militaris, maluwa omwe amakhala ndi milomo yoyera-yofiirira ya motley yoyera yokhala ndi loboti yochepetsetsa komanso chisoti chachifumu cha pinki chomwe chimakulitsa kukula kwake.
Orchis wobiriwira wonyezimira (Orchis viridifusca), masamba a Orchis Spitzel (Orchis spitzelii).
Orchis napkin (Orchis morio).
Orchis slamiform (Orchis militaris).
Mitundu ina yomwe imakulidwa ndi olima maluwa monga Orchis pakadali pano imagwirizana ndi mitundu yoyimiririka monga Anacamptis (Anacamptis) ndi Neotinea (Neotinea) a m'banja la Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) M'mabuku, amatha kupezeka pansi pa mayina akale ndi atsopano. Mwachitsanzo: Neotinea tridentata, kapena Orchis tridentata (Neotinea tridentata)
Genus Anacamptis
- zochititsa chidwi Orchis (Orchis coriophora) 20 mpaka 40 cm wamtali ndi masamba apansi a lanceolate, ma inflorescence a maluwa opindika ndi maluwa okhala ndi chisoti cholunjika komanso milomo yodziwika bwino, kusinthika kwa utoto wowoneka bwino kuchokera pamtundu wobiriwira ndi woyera pamunsi mpaka wofiirira-bulauni wokhala ndi madontho ofiirira;
- zofanana ndi icho, koma chosangalatsa kwambiri kununkhira, chopendekera-komanso chokongoletsedwa ndi mitsempha yamdima Orchis (Orchis amanulosa);
- kununkhira kwa vanila Orchis wonunkhira (Orchis onunkhira) theka la mita kutalika kwake ndi ma spikelets onenepa a inflorescences ndi zachilendo, maluwa ofiirira omwe ali ndi chisoti chokongola komanso lobe wapakati pakatikati;
Pakadali pano, mitundu ya Anacamptis ndiyabwino ndipo imanunkhira, ndipo ndi mitundu ya anacamptis insectidious (Anacamptis coriophora). Wojambulidwa ndi Anacamptis coriophora subspecies onunkhira.
- Orchis (Orchis laxiflora) wokhala ndi mitundu yocheperako kwambiri, yapafupipafupi ya utoto wofiirira;
- maluwa akutuluka a Orchis Orchis wabodza (Orchis pseudolaxiflora) wokhala ndi maluwa owala ofiirira, otambalala kwambiri mu inflorescence yayitali, mpaka 60 cm;
Anacamptis orchiflora (Anacamptis laxiflora) kale anali ngati mtundu wa orchis orchiflora (orchis laxiflora).
- chimodzimodzi ndi iye Orchis (Orchis palustris) mpaka 70 cm kutalika ndi masamba okongola ndi masamba ochepa, maluwa okongola a maluwa a lilac okhala ndi milomo yayikulu, yofanana ndi siketi, yotulutsa mu Meyi ndi June;
- yaying'ono, yokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira kwambiri obiriwira pamtunda wa inflorescence Orchis wa Caspian (Orchis caspia);
- utoto wakuda Orchis punctata (Orchis picta) mpaka 30 cm kutalika;
Anacamptis bog (Anacamptis palustris), yemwe anali wodziwika kale monga Orchis bog (Orchis palustris).
Anacamptis papilionacea kale anali mtundu wa Caspian orchis (orchis Caspia).
Pakadali pano, Orchis pointis (orchis picta) ndi masamba a Anacamptis dremlik (Anacamptis morio).
Genus Neotinea
- Orchis watatu (Orchis tridentata) ndi kuwala kwamtundu wa lilac, pafupifupi kuwala kwamkati;
- Orchis (Orchis ustulata) wokhala ndi mbewa zokhala ngati mbewa zapakhomo za inflorescence za pinki mpaka 30 cm;
Neotinea tridentata, Orchis tridentata (Neotinea tridentata), kale mtunduwu udayikidwa mu genus Orchis (Orchis).
Charred Neotinea, Kalcine Neotinia, kapena Calcified Orchis (Neotinea ustulata), yemwe kale anali woyika mtundu wa Orchis.
Kuwala kwa Orchis
Ngakhale kuti orchid ndi orchid, amasinthidwa bwino bwino kuti akule m'minda. Ndipo koposa: ndi maluwa a m'maluwa omwe amadzitama maluwa okongola kwambiri. Koma kuti musangalale ndi chilengedwe chamfumu chachifumu, muyenera kusankha bwino kuyatsa kwa maluwa okongola. Kupatula apo, maluwa amakongoletsa mthunzi, wopepuka, womwazikana, wodzipatula. Koma ngati mitundu yachilengedwe imavutika ndi maluwa mu dzuwa lowala, ndipo pamtengowo sichimaphuka konse, ndiye kuti m'maluwa wama maluwa, mthunzi wokha ndiwo uyenera kupewedwa. Koma mitundu yobzalidwa siziopa malo opezeka dzuwa ndi mapulasitiki ochulukirapo. Zowona, kuunikira kwambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusamalira maluwa.
Dothi la Orchis
Ndi nthaka muyenera kusamalanso kwambiri. Orchis amakonda chanyontho, chonde, koma mawonekedwe otayirira kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala amadzi komanso opumira momwe tingathere. Chizindikiro chinyezi zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri: ngakhale kuti duwa sililekerera kuthilira madzi, limakonda dothi lozizira, lonyowa lomwe mikhalidwe yawo imakhalabe yokhazikika ngakhale kutentha kwa chilimwe. Orchis sakonda dense wandiweyani, komanso manyowa atsopano. Mukabzala orchis, dothi lochotsedwa mu dzenjelo litha kusintha mwa kuwonjezeranso mulingo wofanana ndi peat ndi theka la mchenga wambiri.
Orchis kuthirira
Ngati duwa lanu lamtchire limamera m'dzuwa, lidzafunika kuthirira mwatsatanetsatane. Popanda izi, maluwa amakula kwambiri, ndipo maluwa adzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Orchis yomwe ikula panthaka yofunikanso imafunikanso kuthilira mwadongosolo. Ngati duwa wamtchire adabzalidwe pa dothi labwinobwino, ndiye kuti safunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ndikokwanira kuwongolera nyengo ndikudzaza nthaka ndi chinyezi nthawi yayitali kuti chilumire kutentha. Mukathirira maluwa a orchis, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a dothi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuyanika. Chinyontho chowonjezera cha orchid sayenera kuloledwa, komanso chilala; Njira ziyenera kukhalabe chinyezi chambiri.
Italian Orchis (Orchis italica).
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Orchid wa kutchire sakonda feteleza wa mchere. Chomera chimamera bwino pokhapokha ngati zinthu zachilengedwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza nthaka ndikuthandizira kuchepa kwa michere. Ndikwabwino kuti orchis ikhale ndi kompositi ndi singano. Amabzalidwa nthawi yobzala ndi mulch dothi kawiri pachaka ndi wosanjikiza masentimita 5 kapena kuposeranso.
Kukonzekera orchid nthawi yachisanu
Ngakhale kuti ilidi ndi dzina, duwa wamtchire sakhala konse mtengo wokonda kutentha; Orchis amabisala bwino wopanda nyumba yozizira, ngakhale msewu wapakati. Koma kuti chinyezi chambiri chisakhudze nyengo ya chisanu, ndipo chomeracho chimalekerera bwino kutentha nthawi yayitali, tchire liyenera kukonzekera kuzizira. Maluwa akayamba kuuma poganiza kuti nyengo yozizira ikayamba, ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo dulani mbali zonse za mbewuzo kuti zikhale pansi. Osadikirira mpaka mphukira kuti zife zokha, koma molimba mtima khalani odulira. Chifukwa chake nthangala yakeyo imakonzekera bwino kwambiri nyengo yachisanu yosakhazikika.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Ngakhale "maluwa okongola" awo amakhala, ndi maluwa osagwira modabwitsa. Zimagwira mitundu yonse yamatenda oyamba ndi tizirombo. Koma alibe chitetezo chachilengedwe kwa aulesi. Nkhono, ma slog ndi ena omwe amadya masamba amakonda izi zachilendo. Ndipo ndibwino kukhazikitsa misampha kapena kukonza mabwalo azomera wobzala wa orchis.
Orchis napkin (Orchis morio) tsopano amadziwika kuti mtundu wa Anacampis napkin (Anacamptis morio).
Njira zobereketsa Orchis:
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ya Orchis
Kufesa nthangala za orchis zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, mosasamala tsiku lakakonzedwa ponyamula mbande m'nthaka. Kumera mu orchid wamtchire kumatha kutenga mwezi umodzi, ndi miyezi yopitilira 3, kotero ngakhale kubzala m'chilimwe ndiabwino kwa mbewu.Mbewu za Orchis zimafesedwa munthaka yonyowa, yonyowa komanso yolimba kwambiri. Amatha kumera pokhazikika pofunda, koma osatentha (kutentha kwambiri kumawerengedwa kuti ndi osiyanasiyana kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 24), kowala kwambiri. Mphukira zimawoneka mosiyanasiyana, komanso zimapanga magulu osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba angapo, ndibwino kubzala mbewu zazing'ono m'miphika yatsopano, kuyesera kuti tisawononge mbewu ndi mbewu zoyandikana nazo zomwe zisanayambe. Mbande zimamera molingana ndi chiwembu chokhazikika mpaka kasupe ndikutha kwa kuopseza kozizira kwambiri. Orchis wopezedwa ndi mbande mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita pakati pa mbande amabzalidwa
Kufalitsa kwa Orthis podzilekanitsa ndi mizu
Muzu wogawika, kapena makamaka kulekanitsidwa kwa malo tuber. Njira iyi imawonedwa ngati yosavuta komanso yodalirika. Mu nthawi yophukira, ikayamba kulima ndi kudulira, ma rhizomes amatha kukumba ndipo muzu wogwirizira ukhoza kupatulidwa ndi iwo. Mukabzala ma rhizomes omwe amagawanika limodzi ndi chomera, gawo la dothi lakale limawonjezedwanso kudzenje latsopanoli, chifukwa monga maluwa onse, orchid amatengera bowa ndipo ndi okhawo omwe amatha kuzika nawo malo atsopano. Nthaka yochulukirapo yomwe mungathe kusamutsa malo akale okukula, ndibwino.
