Physalis - chokongoletsera komanso chokoma

Physalis (Physalis, Fam. Solanaceae) ndi chomera chabwino chomwe chimakongoletsa malo ena aliwonse, komanso chimakupatsaninso zipatso zokoma zomwe zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena zopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo kupanikizana. Zachidziwikire, aliyense amadziwa momwe mabokosi owala owala a lalanje amawonekera m'maluwa a maluwa owuma. Anthu amatcha physalis emerald mabulosi kapena cranberries.

Homeland Physalis Central ndi South America. Mitundu ya Physalis imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 110, yambiri mwa iyo ndi masamba osatha a herbaceous omwe amadzala mdziko lathu monga chaka chilichonse, chifukwa a physalis amakonda kwambiri kutentha ndipo salola chisanu. Chipatso cha physalis ndi mabulosi omwe ali m'bokosi la manda osakanikirana; bokosi ili lofanana kwambiri ndi nyali yapepala yaku China. Bokosilo limakula mwachangu kuposa mwana wosabadwayo, ngati lumauma ndikusintha mtundu, ndiye kuti zipatsozo zakhwima kale.

Nthawi zambiri m'malo a Olimi a ku Russia mungapeze madokotala wamba (Physalis alkekengi), nyengo yake yozizira imakhala yotentha kwambiri pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo mu nthawi yamasika mphukira zatsopano zimamera kuchokera kwa iwo. Zipatso za ma pilisi amenewa zimakhala zowawa ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi poizoni, chifukwa zinthu zapoizoni zimadziunjikira.

China chake ndi masamba physalis, kapena jamu physalis (Physalis ixocarpa), - mwini wa zipatso zokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo. Pazakudya, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito pubescent physalis (Physalis pubescens), Floris physalis (Physalis floridana) ndi Peruvian physalis (Physalis peruviana), chomaliza chimakhala chokhoma. Masamba a masamba ndi ochepa zipatso (mitundu 'Strawberry', 'Raisin', 'Bell') ndi wamkulu-zipatso ('Pineapple', 'Marmalade'). Zipatso zoyambirira ndizokoma zatsopano, ndizoyeneranso kusinthidwa, koma kuchokera ku mautali akuluakulu opanga zipatso, kupanikizana kwabwino, ma pickles ndi zipatso zotsekemera sikokoma kwambiri.

Physalis imamera chifukwa chofesa mbewu kumapeto kumapeto kwa Marichi - theka loyamba la Epulo. Finyani mbewu ndi dothi lapansi pafupifupi 0,8 - 1 cm, gawo lapansi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito konsekonse. Pakatanga masamba awiri owona, mbande imadzimbira mumiphika ndi madzi pafupifupi 0,5 - 1 lita, pomwe imayikidwa m'nthaka kwa cotyledons. Kuzungulira nthawi yomweyo, kutengera nyengo, mbande ikuyenera kuyamba kuumitsa. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewuzo zimatsitsidwa ndikuwoneka bwino, kenako khonde lotseguka, kuyambira mphindi 20 ndikuwonjezera nthawi yomwe imakhala mu mpweya wabwino. Kawiri mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa feteleza wachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, sodium humate).

Pakawopseza chisanu chamadzulo (theka lachiwiri la Meyi), mbande zitha kubzalidwe panthaka. Malo a physalis ndibwino kuti musankhe bwino. Pabedi, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala 30 - 40 cm, ndipo mzere kutalikirana uyenera kukhala 60 cm, popeza tchire limakula kwambiri. Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera feteleza wophatikiza wa michero mdzenje mogwirizana ndi malangizo; mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wanu wachilengedwe (kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame) kudyetsa.

Maukwati amathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, osapanikiza nthaka. Ngati nthaka ikuma, ndiye kuti, mutatha kuthirira, zipatso pazomera zimatha kusweka. Fizikisi imafunika kuthandizidwa, popeza tchire lake limatalika kwambiri. Ngati mapangidwe a thumba losunga mazira chomera atasiya madzi, ndiye kuti amasiya kukula, zipatso zimacha mwachangu. Physalis imabweretsa zipatso zoyambirira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, ndipo imatha kubereka zipatso mosamala kufikira chisanu.

Zipatso za lalanje, zachikaso, zobiriwira ndi zofiirira sizabwino kwambiri, zimapangira zonunkhira bwino kapena kupanikizana. Makamaka ngati mukuwonjezera ma cherries kapena gooseberries kwa izo. Zipatso zatsopano zimatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo pa kutentha kuchokera ku +1 mpaka 15 ° C komanso kupatsirana mpweya wabwino. Popeza mudabzala akatswiri m'dera lanu, simudzanong'oneza bondo.