Pansies - zokongola, ngati nthano!

Pakati pa mbewu zoyambirira komanso zamaluwa zobzalidwa, ma pansies amakhala imodzi mwa malo oyamba maluwa. Mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yophatikizira imangokhala yodabwitsa kwambiri: kuyambira yoyera mpaka pafupi yakuda yokhala ndi mitundu yonse yazithunzi zachikaso, zabuluu, zofiira. Pakati pa duwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi mtundu woyambirira.

Pansies (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto Oliveira

Pali mitundu iwiri yazomera - Tricolor violet ndi Wittroka violet. Amasiyana m'maluwa, F. Wittrock ali ndi maluwa okulirapo, ndipo F. tricolor ndi chomera chaching'ono.

Pansies, kapena Violet tricolor (Viola tricolor) - chomera chamtundu wotchuka ku Europe komanso madera otentha a Asia; mitundu ya mtundu wa Violet wa banja la Violet.
Wachinyamata wa Violet, kapena mipanda yam'munda (Víola × wittrokiana- - herbaceous chomera chosakanizidwa cha banja la Violet. Pansi pa dzinali, mitundu yambiri ndi magulu akhama omwe amapezeka ndikugwira nawo tricolor violets (Viola tricolor), Altai (Viola altaicandi chikasu (Viola lutea) ndi mitundu ina.

M'masiku akale, mapayipi adadziwika kuti ali ndi chuma chopatsa chikondi: ngati madzi a chomera amangowaza maso a munthu kugona mpaka nthawi yonse ndikuyembekezera kudzutsidwa kwake, adzagwa mchikondi mpaka kalekale. A French ndi Mapa amapatsa ma pansies ngati pitilizani kudzipatula. Ndipo ku England, chikhalidwe chidabadwa: mnyamata, wamanyazi wofotokoza chikondi chake, amangotumiza maluwa owuma awa kwa wokondedwa wake ndikulemba dzina lake.

Pansies - osatha ndi kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 30 cm, nthawi zambiri amakula ngati biennials. Maluwa awo owoneka bwino amabwereza mawonekedwe a violets. Mabasi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula ndi yaying'ono, ndiye amasintha; mphukira yayikulu, mizu yake ndi yotupa. Mu ma axel a masamba a ma pansies, mawonekedwe a maluwa, malekezero ake omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu amodzi omwe ali ndi mainchesi mpaka 7. 7. Mtengo wapadera wa pansies umagona koyambirira ndikuwonetsa maluwa. Pakati Russia, pachimake kumapeto kwa Epulo.

Mitundu yambiri ya maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi maluwa, osakanizidwa omwe amapezeka pazaka zambiri zosankhidwa, ali ponseponse pachikhalidwe. Zophatikiza zambiri zamakono ndizopanda kutentha ndipo zimatha kutulutsa chilimwe chonse.

Pansies (Viola tricolor)

Kulima ndi chisamaliro

Mtengo wapadera wamapani ndimayendedwe oyambira ndipo amatulutsa maluwa. Gwiritsani ntchito ma pansies koyambirira kwamaluwa kwamitundu iwiri. M'chilimwe, akasiya kukongoletsa, amasinthidwa ndi oyendetsa ndege. Koma kutengera nthawi yomwe kufesa ndi kuvomereza ukadaulo wa zaulimi, mutha kumatha maluwa munyengo yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira. Pankhaniyi, ma pansies ndi pulasitiki kwambiri, osakhazikitsa komanso osavuta kuchikhalidwe. Pansies amafalitsidwa makamaka ndi mbewu ndi kudula wobiriwira. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya maluwa, kufesa kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kuti tipeze maluwa oyambirira masika, mbewu zimafesedwa m'chilimwe cha chaka chatha.

Kudera lakumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, mwachitsanzo, kufupi ndi Leningrad ndi Murmansk, kufesa mbewu pamalo otseguka (nazale) kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha Julayi kuti mbewu zisaphuke kwambiri, sizili zazikulu kwambiri, komanso sizimaphuka pakugwa.

Wittrock violet, kapena pansies za m'munda (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09

Pansies ndi mbewu zolimba yozizira, koma kumpoto chakumadzulo, koma nthawi zina mkati mwa msewu wapakatikati, zimawuma ndikufota. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'malo achinyezi komanso nthawi yofesa ikaphwanyidwa. Ngati njere zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June, mbande zimaphuka mu kugwa ndi kutuluka. Zomera zotere zimapita kukayamba nyengo yozizira kale, sizilekerera nthawi yozizira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafota. Chifukwa chake, mutakhazikika bwino, koma osakuliratu ndipo osafooka ndi maluwa ophukira omwe amalola kuti maluwa azilimba kwambiri, musasanza ndi kuphuka bwino nyengo yotsatira. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zokhazikika, mbewu zimapita m'nyengo yozizira molimba, osakwanira. Iwo nthawi yozizira imakhala yoipa kwambiri ndipo nthawiyo imaphukira. Nyengo yozizira yozizira yozizira kwambiri imakhudza kuzizira kwa pansies. Masika ndi owopsa, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka kwambiri, thaws imayamba, ndipo usiku - ozizira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupangitsa kuti chisanu chisungike posachedwa ndi zitunda. Samalekeredwa bwino ndi malo otsika kwambiri makamaka mvula yamadzi.

Kuti mupeze mbande, kufesa kumachitika mu mbande kapena pazokwera bwino m'mizere, mbewu sizifesedwa mzere mzere, mbande zimawoneka pa tsiku la 6-14. Chisamaliro chabwinobwino: kuthirira, kukulira mizere. Nthochi zimabzalidwa m'mphepete kapena malo ena okuberekeramo, pomwe nthawi yozizira imayenera. Mtunda mukamazitola zachitika 20 x 20 cm. Kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa munthawi yake, kupewa kuthana ndikukula kwa mbande.

Kumayambiriro kwamasika, mbewu zimayamba kumera ndipo zimaphuka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Kuti muchepetse maluwa, mabedi amatha kuphimbidwa ndi kanema kumayambiriro kwamasika. M'madera otulutsa maluwa, ma pansia amasinthidwa kukhala mabedi amaluwa. Kuti azikongoletsa mawindo ndi makonde, amabzala m'miphika kapena m'mabokosi amaluwa.

Kusamalira kubzala m'malo alembetsedwe kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zomasuka mwadongosolo. Ngati ndi kotheka, madzi ndi kusamalira tizilombo. Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbande ndi ammonium nitrate ndikuwonjezera superphosphate (20-40 g pa 1 m2). Ma pansies sangayime manyowa atsopano. Kuti maluwa atchuke nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa onse ozimiririka kuti achedwetse zipatso, chifukwa mbewu zikafesedwa, mbewu zimasiya maluwa.

Pamadothi osauka, amchenga, ma pansies amakhala ochepa, makamaka mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa okongola. Feteleza zachilengedwe mu kompositi ndi humus (5 makilogalamu pa 1 m2) ziyenera kuyikidwa pazinthu zotere; manyowa atsopano osavomerezeka. Pamalo otentha, maluwa a pansy amapanga zazikulu ndi zowala. Mithunzi yosachepera, imaphuka kwakanthawi, koma zosauka, maluwawo ndi ang'ono koma owala kwambiri.

Wittrock violet, kapena pansies za m'munda (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09

M'chilimwe, pamene mapani amatulutsa ndikulephera kukongoletsa, amakumbidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi chilimwe.

Kuti tipeze njere kuchokera pa zochuluka zomwe zakumbidwa, mtundu wolimba kwambiri wosankhidwa bwino umasankhidwa ndikuwokedwa kumapeto kwa mbewu (amasuntha mosavuta m'malo otulutsa maluwa). Kutsirira ndikofunikira. Poganizira kuti ma pansies ndi mbewu zopukutidwa mungu, mukazibzala pa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kudzipatula kwakomweko kosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mulandire mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri. Kutola mbewu kumayenera kuyamba pomwe makapisozi atasanduka achikasu, apo ayi amasowa msanga ndipo mbewuzo zikatuluka.

Ngati angafune, ma pansia amatha kuchitidwa ngati chikhalidwe cha pachaka. Kuti muchite izi, kufesa mbewu kumachitika mu Marichi mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena chipinda chodyeramo, mabokosi oyimbira. M'mwezi wa Epulo, amalowa m'malo obiriwira, ndipo m'mwezi wa May amafa pansi. Panthawi yofesa masika, ma pansies amawonetsera kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali m'chilimwe cha chaka chomwecho. Koma potengera kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa maluwa, chikhalidwe cha pachaka ndizotsika kwambiri kuzomera zomwe zimabzalidwa pachilimwe chatha.

Kwa maluwa yophukira, mapani amafesedwa mu Epulo - Meyi, pa tsiku la 55-70th lomwe limaphuka.

Pansies (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto Oliveira

Kuswana

Chokondweretsa chachikulu ndi njira yachilengedwe yophunzitsira mitundu yosakanizidwa ya mapaya - zodula zobiriwira panja. Ndiwosavuta, wogwira ntchito ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakulolani kuti mukhale oyera, pezani zinthu zambiri zobzala m'chilimwe chimodzi. Zodulidwa zimatengedwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi mu Mlingo wa 2 mpaka 3. Masamba onse obiriwira omwe ali ndi masamba awiri mpaka atatu ndi oyenera. Kuti muchite izi, m'malo otetezeka, okhala malo ochepa (pansi pa mitengo) amapanga zigawo zotsika. Amadzaza ndi madzi.

Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 0,5, mwamphamvu, kuti masamba amodzi amacheka amalumikizana ndi masamba amzake. Zidutswa 400 zimabzalidwa pa lalikulu mita. Mutabzala, utsi ndi madzi.

M'masiku oyambilira, kuti musawonongeke, zodulidwa zobzalidwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mapepala osungunuka ndi madzi, ndikupanga malo otentha kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuzika mizu mwachangu. Kusamalira kumakhala kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kudula. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu mpaka anayi, odulidwa amapereka 95 - 100% kuzika. Ndi kumayambiriro (Meyi, June) Ankalumikiza, mbewu zimatulutsa chilimwe kapena kugwa kwa chaka chimenecho. Pambuyo pake kudula kumapereka maluwa ambiri mchaka chamawa.

Mizu yodulidwa imayikidwa mu kugwa mpaka zitunda kapena maluwa. Ndikudula mochedwa kwambiri (Ogasiti), mbewu zokhazikitsidwa bwino ndizosiyidwa kuti zizidye nyengo yachisanu paudulidwe, kuziphimba ndi tsamba nthawi yachisanu. Zomera zibzalidwe m'mabedi amaluwa nthawi yachilimwe chaka chamawa.

Kufalikira kwa ma pbrone osakanizidwa ndi maulidwe obiriwira kumapereka kubwezeretsanso kwa mbewu zomwe zimakonda kumera mwamphamvu mchaka chachitatu ndikuwonongeka kwa maluwa. Pafupifupi 10 zodulidwa zitha kudulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi cha chiberekero mu gawo limodzi, ndikupita chilimwe - 30 - 45 ma PC.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yaying'ono yamaluwa.

Mnyamata wabuluu - Maluwa a utoto wamtambo wabuluu, wokhala ndi mainchesi 3-4; Maiden a chipale chofewa - maluwa oyera, 3 - 4 cm.
Chovala Chaching'ono Chofiyira - maluwa ndi ofiira owoneka bwino, 3.5 - 4 cm.

Mitundu yayikulu-yamaluwa.

Ice mfumu - duwa loyera ndi utoto wonyezimira wobiriwira. Pansi atatu pamakhala miyala yofiirira, m'mbali mwake ndi. Duwa pa phesi lalitali (8-10 cm), mpaka 5 cm mulifupi. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 20 'cm.
Dzuwa lozizira - duwa lake ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, pamiyala itatu yapansi pali mawanga amdima akuda, m'mphepete sizofanana. Duwa pa phesi lalitali (8 - 10 cm), 5 cm mulifupi. Bush kutalika 20 cm.
Mfumukazi Yakumwamba - Mtundu wa duwa ukayamba kutuluka amakhala pafupifupi buluu, dzuwa limawotcha ndikupeza kuwala kwamtambo wamaluwa. Duwa limafikira mainchesi 4.5 - 5 cm. M'mphepete mwa miyala ndi, ngakhale mzere wautali wautali wa 9-11. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi 20 cm.
Matsenga a Marita - Duwa lake ndi lautoto wakuda, wokhala ndi pachimake pafupifupi mtundu wakuda. Mbale ndi zokongola, - m'mphepete ngakhale. Maluwa 5 - 5.5 masentimita, mulitali wa peduncle (9-10 cm). Bush kutalika 20 cm.
Jupita - pamunsi pa duwa, pamakhala miyala yapamwamba ndi utoto-violet, yoyera pamwamba. Mtundu wa m'miyala itatu yapansi imakhalanso yofiirira-violet, m'mphepete mwa nsanjazo ngakhale, ma pedicels ndi afupifupi (7 - 8 cm). Bush kutalika 20 cm.
Kutentha kwamadzulo - duwa limakhala lofiirira, m'munsi atatu apansi pamakhala malo owala pang'ono poyerekeza ndi maziko oyambira, m'mphepete mwa miyala ya petals ndi wavy pang'ono, peduncle ndi yayitali (9-10 cm). Duwa limafikira masentimita 5 - 5.5. Tchire ndi lotsika 10 - 15 cm.

Mitundu yayikulu.

Buluu - duwa ndi lamtambo lamtambo, pamtunda wotsika atatu pamakhala matuwa amdima, m'mphepete mwa petal ndi, maluwa ndi 6 - 7 cm, pamtunda wautali (10 - 11 cm). Bush kutalika 25 cm.
Choyera - duwa loyera ndi loyera la chikasu chowoneka ngati chikasu, limafikira mainchesi 6-7 masentimita, m'mphepete mwa mapatawo ndikuwotcha pang'ono, peduncle ndi yayitali (9-10 cm). Tchire ndi lalitali 20 cm.
Chikasu chagolide - duwa ndi monophonic, chikasu cha golide, limafikira masentimita 6 - 7, m'mphepete mwa miyala ndi, ngakhale mzere wautali (10-12 cm). Bush kutalika 20 cm.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Mwa ma pansies, maso amatha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala oyenera. Mwa matenda osemphana ndi ukadaulo waulimi, mwendo wakuda, muzu ndi tsinde zowola, mawanga, ufa wowonda ungayambike.

Chifukwa cha kusasamala kwake komanso maluwa ambiri, ma pansies amakula pamabedi amaluwa ndi m'makonde oyang'ana khonde, azikongoletsa kubzala kwa maluwa anyezi ndi mapiri a Alpine. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, adzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa awo kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Pali nthano kuti, atadikirira kwa zaka zambiri, msungwana wokhulupilika Anyuta, yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito mkwati kuteteza kwawo, yemwe sanabwererenso, adatembenuka kukhala duwa. Ndipo tsopano, monga zaka zambiri zapitazo, pali mapanda pafupi ndi mseu, akuyembekeza "kuyang'ana" mtunda.