Atangotchula kumene munda wotchedwa primrose wosakonda kwambiri: maluwa a mwanawankhosa, ndi maluwa a Isitara, ndi zikwanje zachisangalalo, ndi makiyi. Mtengowu wapeza chikondi chochuluka cha wamaluwa chifukwa cha mitundu yawo, mitundu yoyambirira, kus kubereka mosavuta komanso kusamalira bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, chaka ndi chaka, zatsopano zatsopano zamaluwa za primrose osatha zimawonekera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chidwi ndi ma primroses amenewa sichidzatha.
Kodi primrose osatha amawoneka bwanji?
Primrose, kapena primrose, ndi maluwa ochokera kwa Primrose. Ichi ndi chomera chokongola chamuyaya, nthawi zambiri chimayamba maluwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yoposa 500 ya primrose ndi yofala ku Europe, America, ndi Asia. Zimapezeka makamaka m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, komanso m'zipululu zachonde. Mitundu ina - primrose Berengi, Darial, Julia, masamba masamba - adalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Patsambali mupezapo zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe amitundu mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu.
Primrose imakopa amalimi a maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa oyambira, ochulukitsa komanso otalika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe, fungo labwino. Ngati chopereka chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya primroses, mutha kusilira maluwa awo owoneka bwino kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Mitundu ina imatha kutulutsa mobwerezabwereza. Ubwino wa primroses ulinso nyengo yozizira, kufalikira kosavuta kwa chikhalidwe, kubereka mwachangu (ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively), masamba okongoletsera mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Maluwa a primrose amamera nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka ndi kuphuka mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, kuphatikiza bwino ndi anyezi ambiri ndikudzaza kupuma pakati pawo.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, primrose osatha ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'maluwa aliwonse azikhalidwe, kuchotsera, m'malire, m'mapiri apiri:
Kubzala kwamagulu kumapanga kapeti owoneka bwino kwambiri. Mitundu yautali wautali ndi yoyenera maluwa oyambilira a kasupe. Zomera ndizoyenera zokongoletsera, mapika. Ngati primrose yadzalidwa mumiphika mu yophukira, ndiye kuti mu Marichi atuluka kale pachimake.
Primrose ndi chomera chododometsa chotalika masentimita 10 mpaka 30. Masamba opukutidwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette yoyambira. Maluwa payekha kapena mu inflorescence - maambulera, ozungulira, amasuntha.
Onani chithunzichi, momwe primrose amawonekera - mawonekedwe a maluwa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, kupatula mtundu wamtambo wakuda:
Mitundu yambiri ya primrose imakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, losangalatsa. Kutalika kwa maluwa kufikira mwezi umodzi.
Momwe mungakulire primrose osatha: kubzala ndi kusamalira (ndi chithunzi)
Chofunika kwambiri pakukula bwino kwa primrose yamuyaya m'munda ndichisankho choyenera chodzala. Amafunika kubzyala m'makona osadulidwa pang'ono kapena pang'ono pang'ono pamtunda, koma mpweya wokwanira. Mutha kuziika pansi pa mitengo yazipatso, komanso pansi pa mitengo yokongoletsera ndi zitsamba zophuka kale.
M'malo otseguka, dzuwa, koyambirira kwamasamba primroses imaphuka mwachizolowezi, koma ndi nyengo yotentha, masamba awo amafota ndikufota; Pofika kugwa, mbewu zimakhala zopanda mphamvu kwambiri kuti chaka chamawa zimafa kapena sizimanga.
Pobzala ndi kusamalira primrose, nthaka yake imayenera kukonzekereratu, kumasuka, komanso chonde. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere manyowa kapena kompositi (zidebe ziwiri pa 1 m2), feteleza wopitilira muyeso (150-200 g) ndikukumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 30. Onjezerani chidebe 1 cha mchenga pam lovu. Primrose imadzutsidwa pamtunda wa 20-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo mitundu yayikulu - pamtunda wa 40 cm.
Momwe mungasamalire primrose ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maluwa akutulutsa bwino? Zomera zimathiriridwa malinga ndi nyengo kotero kuti nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Mukathirira, dothi limasulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza masentimita 2-3. Zomera zimayankha bwino pakubwera kwa zitosi za mbalame (1:20). M'mikhalidwe yabwino, primrose samadwala kwenikweni ndipo pafupifupi samakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.
Primroses imafalitsidwa pogawa mbewu zokulira ndi mbewu. Delenki ndibzalidwe koyambirira koyambilira nthawi yophukira, kuti akhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Ana azaka zitatu mpaka zinayi amagawana. Chitsamba chokulirapo chimapatsa 4-6 Delenki, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mizu yabwino ndi masamba angapo. Nyengo yotentha, mbewu zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa tsiku lililonse kwa sabata limodzi.
Ndipo momwe kukula primrose ku mbewu? Ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu, primrose wamtchire amakhalabe ndi machitidwe ake. Minda yamphesa yamaluwa imamera mobala, chifukwa mukabzala mbewu, mphamvu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana sizimalandira. Mphukira imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri, nthawi zina yokongola kwambiri.
Mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira kuya kwa 0.5 masentimita m'mabokosi kapena mwachindunji mu nthaka. Potseguka, mutha kubzala mbewu kasupe. Mbande zomwe zili mbande ya masamba atatu enieni zimayenda pansi pamtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina aliyense pamalo otetezeka. Mbande ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chinyezi ndipo zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Zomera zomwe zakulidwa zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika. Amamasuka patatha zaka ziwiri.
Apa mutha kuwona zithunzi za kubzala ndi kusamalira primrose wamkulu wochokera ku Delenki ndi mbewu:
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya primrose: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
M'minda, kumalimidwa ma primroses amtundu wosakanizidwa, komanso masamba ena olusa. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi.
Primrose ndi yachilendo, kapena yosakhazikika, wopezeka zachilengedwe ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita ofika mpaka 3 cm, pamtunda wochepa kwambiri, wachikaso chopepuka komanso pakati pofiirira. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira opepuka. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo kwa mwezi umodzi.
Chifukwa cha hybridization, mitundu yambiri ya primroses yokhala ndi zoyera, zachikaso, zapinki, zofiira, lilac, zamtambo zamtambo zamdima zakuda zidapezeka.
Primrose wamasamba, kapena nkhosa. Maluwa mpaka awiri masentimita awiri, achikasu owala bwino ndi malalanje pakatikati, amasonkhanitsidwa mumtengo wozungulira wozungulira mpaka pamtunda wa 20 cm.Yimachita maluwa koposa mwezi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa yokhala ndi maluwa akulu komanso awiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana imakulidwa.
Khutu la primrose, kapena auricle, - yamtundu wokongola kwambiri. Zimalimidwa mmaiko aku Europe kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XVI. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala kumapiri a mapiri a Central ndi Southern Europe.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, maluwa a m'munda uno wakuda amakhala wachikasu, womwe amatenga ambulera pamwamba pa muvi wamphamvu 20-25 cm:
Masamba ndi wandiweyani, wosalala, wozungulira, amapanga maluwa okongola.
Mitundu ndi ma hybrids achilengedwe amalimidwa, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa mpaka masentimita 3-4, makamaka mitundu iwiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa amatenga ambulera yowoneka ngati ma umbrella pamivi wokwera mpaka 20 cm. Maluwa mu Meyi-Juni kwa masiku 20-25. Malo abwino ndi mthunzi wocheperako; padzuwa, nthawi zamaluwa zimachepetsedwa. Auricles amabzalidwa kutsogolo mu mixborder, rockeries, m'njira m'njira.
Wophatikiza zachilengedwe wa auricular ndi primrose primrose. Maluwa onunkhira a 1.5-4 masentimita awiri ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiirira ndi yofiirira).
Tchulani chithunzi cha mtunduwu wa primrose - pali mitundu yonse komanso yoyera, yoyera kapena yoyera:
Maluwa amatengedwa ngati zishango pamtunda wa 10-20 cm. masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zokutira zonenepa, nthawi zina amapanga mzere wowoneka bwino m'mphepete, amawonekera kwambiri.
Primrose wa dzino-labwino limapezeka kuchokera ku mapiri a mapiri a Himalaya. Maluwa angapo ang'onoang'ono mpaka 1 masentimita awiri amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yolumikizana ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 6. Chomera cholimba 20-25 masentimita pambuyo pa maluwa kutalika mpaka 50-60 cm. Chomera chokhazikitsidwa bwino chimapangika mpaka 5 peduncle. Utoto wa maluwa nthawi zambiri umakhala wamaluwa, ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira kapena ofiira. Limamasaka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo kwa masiku 25-30. Akamasamba, masamba amakula mpaka 20 cm. Amakwinya kwambiri, amakhala osalala, okutidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira wachikasu pansi, womwe umawonjezera kukongoletsa. M'chilimwe, chitsamba cha primrose chabwino chimakhala ngati fern.
Primrose yokwera ochokera ku Transcarpathia, madera akumwera komanso pakati Western Europe. Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita ofika mpaka 2 masentimita, achikasu opepuka, okhala ndi malo amdima pakati, amasonkhanitsidwa mumtengo wozungulira wozungulira inflorescence pa muvi 20-30 cm.
Mu chithunzi cha primrose wosiyanasiyana, zikuwoneka kuti masamba a chomera ndi oval-oval, WAvy, ogwetsedwa, aubweya pansipa:
Limamasaka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi kwa 30-30 masiku. Pali mitundu yambiri yophatikiza ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Primrose ndi kartuzovidny amapezeka munkhalango zamapiri za ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia. Maluwawo amakhala awiri masentimita awiri kapena awiri, opinki, opepuka, amtundu wa 8-12, amatenga ambulera yowoneka ngati ma ambulera pa stalk mpaka ma 30 cm. Masamba ndi ovate, mano, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, pa petioles zazitali. Limamasula mu Meyi, komanso mu Ogasiti-Sepemba.
Primrose Julia. Kwawo ndi Caucasus. Chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri zazing'ono komanso zazitali masentimita 10. Mu Epulo, mbewuyi imakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri ofiirira a pinki omwe ali ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 3 cm. Maluwa amapitilira mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Masamba ndi chonyezimira, zobiriwira zowala. Imakula msanga, ndipo mphukira zingapo zokwawa posachedwapa zimapanga zopota zodumphadumpha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zimakula bwino m'malo otetezeka, ngati dothi ndilopanda kanthu komanso lonyowa.
