Wood - Mankhwala

Mankhwala achi China kuyambira kale amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala Mwanjira iyi, mtengo, wotchedwa du-jun, nthawi zonse unkasamalidwa kwambiri. Mtengo uwu ndi mankhwala enieni, omwe amatha kupezedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, ndulu ndi mtima, matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso matenda ena ambiri amathandizidwa bwino ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo opangidwa kuchokera ku do-jun. Alinso ndi katundu wa tonic, kupatsa munthu mphamvu, kubwezeretsa mphamvu. Mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku makungwa a mtengo kuti amalimbikitse dongosolo lamanjenje komanso pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa. Zaka 50-60 zapitazo, kugulitsidwa kwa khungwa la do-jun bark ku China kunali zoposa matani 100-120. Pafupifupi makungwa onse adatumizidwa kumayiko aku Europe.

Chomera ichi chidadziwika ndi azungu posachedwa, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIX. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazomera zaku England yemwe adamupatsa dzina la Eucommia vulgaris. Dzinalo "eucommia" lingamasuliridwe kuti "glue wabwino" (kuchokera ku Greek wakale "eu" - wabwino komanso "commie" - glue), ndipo limatchedwa volcanic chifukwa chofanana ndi masamba ake ndi masamba a elm.

Evkommiya - mtengo wabwino. Kunyumba, amafika 15, ndipo nthawi zina 20 mita kutalika. Ili ndi korona wokongola cylindrical komanso masamba obiriwira kwambiri.

Chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi eucommia monga chomera chachikulu kwambiri. Gutta ndi zomatira zomwe zimapezeka ndizomera zochepa. Ndikokwanira kung'amba tsamba la eucommia, ndipo ndi maliseche mutha kuwona intaneti yayitali ya silvery, yopyapyala, ngati nsapato, ulusi wa gutta. Koma gutta simapezeka masamba okha, koma pafupifupi mbali zonse za mtengowu: nkhuni, mbewu, makungwa, komanso zipatso.

Zinthu zamtengo wapatali za eucommia sizingathe, kukopa chidwi cha ofufuza: zitatha izi, pankhani ya kupangidwa kwamankhwala ndi zinthu zakuthupi, gutta ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga mphira, womwe ukufunikira kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse. Eucommium gutta imayamikiridwa kwambiri pakupanga zida zamankhwala, zida zamankhwala ndi zida (ma probes, ma syringe, ndi zina), komanso pakupanga mitundu yambiri yamatumba, makamaka yomwe imafuna kukana kwambiri kwa zinthuzo movutikira pansi pamadzi ndi malo. Imatsutsanso machitidwe a asidi, alkali ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana.

Kwanthawi yayitali, akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti eucommia ngati mtengo wamtunda wotentha kwambiri ndiwopanda mphamvu ndipo sangathe kukula bwino m'dziko lathu. Kuyesa kopatula kuti kudzetsedwe kunachitika chisanachitike, koma sizinapatse zotsatira zolimbikitsa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mu 1907, ku Ustimovka arboretum (dera la Poltava), mtengo wa eucommia udabzalidwa, osabwera kuchokera ku China, koma kuchokera kudziko lomwe kuli nyengo yabwino - France. Analowa m'gulu lake wokonda kusangalatsidwa mu udzu wa mitengo ya poltava Ustimovich. Pofika zaka 30, mtengowu wafika pamtunda wa 6 metres ndi makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita 30. Koma kupeza mwana kuchokera pamtengowu kunalephera, chifukwa zinakhala zachimuna. Asayansi anayesa kufalitsa eucommia podula, koma mbewu zazing'ono kuchokera kudula mizu sizinali zolimba, ndipo nthawi yozizira kwambiri ya 1937, iwo, monga mtengo wazaka 30, onse anafa.

Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, asayansi aku Soviet Union adayesetsa kuyesetsa kukondweretsa eucommia. Mbewu zake zochuluka zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, kuchokera pomwe mbande zambirimbiri zidakulidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Caucasus, Kuban, ndi Ukraine. Poyamba, eucommia idawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu ndipo mphukira zake zimakonda kutuluka. Mwamwayi, mizu idasungidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo kasupe mtengowo udaphukira kuchokera ku chitsa. Kenako nkhalango zidadza ndi lingaliro lokondwa: kupanga malo apadera pomwe masamba onse adzasonkhana mu kugwa ndipo mphukira zomwe zidaphukira chilimwe zidadulidwa. Masamba ndi mphukira zidakhala zida zabwino zopangira gutta.

Popita nthawi, asayansi adakwanitsa kukulitsa chisanu cha eucommia, ndipo tsopano mitundu yake yolimbana ndi chisanu imafikira kukula kwake kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndikupereka mbewu zonse zomera. Evkommiya tsopano ikhoza kupezeka m'nkhalango zambiri ndi minda yaziphuphu ku Central Asia, Caucasus, Moldova, Ukraine ngakhale pakati pa Russia. Kuchokera pa mahekitala obzala odzaza a eucommium, mbewu zokhazikika za ma kilogalamu 100 ndi gutta zochulukirapo zimapezeka.

Chemistry yokha ndiyo idadutsa pamsewu wopita ku botany, monga zidachitikira ndi sinamoni, zomwe zidzafotokozedwa, mwina pambuyo pake. Ma gutta opanga anali otsika mtengo komanso osakhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa ma eucommies. Koma, pakugonjera ku ma guttonos, eucommia adadziwikirabe mbiri yomera yopangira mankhwala, ndipo asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zodabwitsa zake sizatha.

Maulalo azinthu:

• S. I. Ivchenko - Buku lonena za mitengo