Anthu ambiri olima maluwa a novice komanso okhala pachilimwe m'malo awo amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse izi mitengo yazipatso, maluwa, zitsamba ndi zina zokolola. Ammonium nitrate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba. Ganizirani malamulo oyambira akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwazomera.
Gulu la feteleza
Mwa mitundu yonse ya feteleza, magulu angapo amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Gulu limodzi limaphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe: peat, manyowa, humus. Mitundu ina ya feteleza ndi michere yowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, ammonium nitrate, phosphates, nitrate. Mitundu yonse ya feteleza imapangidwa kuti izithandiza kuthamangitsa mbewu, komanso kukolola zochuluka. Chifukwa cha chidziwitso cha sukulu chomwe tapeza m'makalasi a biology, aliyense amadziwa kuti pakapita nthawi, nthaka yomwe imalima mbewu iliyonse yobala zipatso imatha. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kudyetsa dothi pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wosiyanasiyana wopangidwira mitundu ina ya mbewu.
Ammonium nitrate imawonedwa ngati feteleza wotsika mtengo wa michere, kotero kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuli ponseponse pazogulitsa.
Chimodzi mwa michere yayikulu ndi nayitrogeni. Imawonetsetsa kukula kwamasamba kapena zipatso zilizonse. Pankhani yakusowa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, zokolola zam'mera zimachepa kwambiri. Ndi kuyambitsidwa kochulukira kwa zigawo za nayitrogeni, mawonekedwe a zopezeka zomwe zimapezeka, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa alumali wazipatso ndi zipatso, kukoma kwawo.
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa dothi ndi nayitrogeni kumabweretsa kukula kwa mitengo yazipatso nthawi yayitali. Izi zimakhudza kukana kwawo chisanu. Kuphatikizika kwa phosphorous panthaka kumakongoletsa njira ya photosynthesis muzomera. Tithokozetse, mbewuyo imayamba kukhwima mwachangu, kwinaku ndikusamalira mbewu yabwino. Potaziyamu amakhudza kuthamanga kwa kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe ali mwachomera, komanso kukonza kukoma kwa zipatso ndi masamba.
Kuti tikwaniritse kukula kwamtundu wonse komanso kuthamanga kwathunthu ndikukula kwa zipatso zonse zobala zipatso m'munda wamaluwa kapena dimba, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi mulingo woyenera wa micronutrients m'nthaka.
Ammonium nitrate: mawonekedwe ndi katundu
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza mu hortic setso ndi ammonium nitrate, yomwe imaphatikizapo michere yayikulu pakupanga - nayitrogeni, yomwe ndi yofunika kuti mbewu ikule bwino. Maonekedwe, ammonium nitrate amafanana ndi mchere wamba wokhala ndi imvi.
Ma granules a nitrate omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe okonzedwa amatha kuyamwa madzi, omwe pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuthana ndikupanga zotupa zolimba za makhiristo. Katunduyu wa nitrate amakhudza kusankha kwa chipinda komwe azisungirako. Iyenera kukhala youma komanso yopumira. Feteleza amadzaza mosamala m'mapaketi osapezekanso madzi.
Asanawonjezere ammonium nitrate m'nthaka kuti mbewu zikule, feteleza ayenera kukhala pansi.
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa ena nthawi yachisanu amabalalitsa nitrate pamalopo pamwamba pa chipale chofewa, chifukwa amatha kumeza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ngakhale zinthu zitavuta. Chifukwa cha nyumbayi, mbewu zimayamba kukula mwachangu ndikukhazikika mu kasupe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamtunduwu ndikofunikira mosamala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mchere wamchere ukawonjezeredwa ndi dothi la podzolic, kuchuluka kwake acidic kumachulukana kangapo, komwe kungasokoneze kulima kwa mbewu zonse m'gawo lotere.
Kavalidwe ka Strawberry
Kuti mupeze mbewu yayikulu sitiroberi nthawi iliyonse, muyenera kuthira nthaka nthawi zonse. Mbewuyi imabzalidwe m'nthaka yomwe idadyetsedwapo kale. Tchire tating'onoting'ono tamoyo sitifunikira kudyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate, chifukwa pamakhala chiopsezo chowola cha zipatso pamene nthaka yadzala ndi nayitrogeni. Kudyetsa kumangolimbikitsidwa kokha zitsamba za sitiroberi wazaka ziwiri. Pa chiwembu cha 10 sq.m. pafupifupi 100 g ya nitrate imayambitsidwa, yomwe imagawidwanso moyenerera mkati mwamakola mpaka kukuya kwa 10 cm ndipo imakutidwa ndi dothi lapansi. Kuzama uku ndikokwanira kukola nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Kwa osatha, feteleza wosakaniza amchere ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka, yomwe idzakhale ndi superphosphate, potaziyamu kloride ndi ammonium nitrate.
Gawo limodzi la mavutowa limawonjezedwa pamizu ikadzatuluka, ndipo inayo imawonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa zipatso.
Ammonium nitrate imaphatikizidwanso ndi madzi pakutsirira. Kwa izi, 20-30 magalamu a ammonium nitrate ndi 10 malita a madzi amasakanikirana. Masamba a Strawberry amadzalidwa ndi yankho kuchokera ku kuthirira kapena chilinganizo. Popewa kuwotchedwa, manyirirani mosamala kuti vutoli lisadutse masamba ndi zipatso. Monga chovala chapamwamba, mutha kuwonjezera feteleza zina zovuta, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo muyezo wina.
Feteleza ndi saltpeter wa rose baka
Nyengo yamasika ikakhazikika ndipo usiku wozizira komanso chisanu utasowa, mutha kuyamba kuthilira tchire la rose ndi zovuta feteleza. Supuni 1 imawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wamadzi ammonium nitrate, mchere wa potaziyamu ndi superphosphate. Yankho lokonzekera limagawidwa wogawana pabedi la maluwa pakati pa tchire. Nthaka ikadzaza ndi feteleza wopangira, mizu imakhudzidwa itatha nyengo yachisanu. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera, kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kwazomera kumabwerezedwa. Kuti muwonjezere maluwa nthawi ya maluwa, ndikofunikira kudyetsa tchire ndi ndowe kapena manyowa ndi kuwonjezera kwa potaziyamu nitrate. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha pa nthawi ya kuphukira kwa mapangidwe, osavomerezeka kuti apange mavalidwe ena owonjezera a mbewu. Chisanu chikangoyamba kugwa, tchire zimakonzedwa mtunda wa 20 cm kuchokera pansi, kenako kuthira umuna kuchokera ku ammonium nitrate ukuwonjezeredwa pansi pa chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira kusungitsa ammonium nitrate mosamala kwambiri, pofuna kupewa kulumikizana ndi zinthu zakunja, popeza pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kuyaka kwa zokha.
