Mitengo ya Apple mwina ndi imodzi mw mitengo yabwino kwambiri m'minda. Mitundu ina ya mitundu yawo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 100. Koma kuti mitengo ibereke chipatso, imafunika chisamaliro choyenera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungapangire mitengo ya apulo mu April. Kupatula apo, kukonzekera koyamba mtengo kwa nyengo yatsopano ndikofunikira kuchita.
Momwe mungasamalire mitengo ya maapulo mu masika
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, yeretsani dimba. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mitengo ya maapulo. Poyamba, amachotsa zinyalala zonse zowazungulira. Khungwa, lomwe limatuluka, liyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa ndi pano kuti pakhoza kupeza matenda osiyanasiyana. Malo awa ndiabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu chambiri.
Nthambi zimatha kuwonongeka ndi chisanu ndi tizirombo. Gawo lam'munsi la thunthu nthawi zina limakhala ndi makoswe. Ngati izi ndizowonongeka kwaposachedwa, ndiye kuti chithandizo cham'munda chokwanira. Ngati khungubwe idadyedwa kuti ikhale nkhuni, ndiye kuti katemera ndi mlatho ndikofunikira.
Pamene stamb ya mtengowo imasulidwa ku khungwa lakale lakufa, pamenepo maluwa oyera kuchokera pansi mpaka nthambi za chigoba pansi. Njira izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamitengo yaying'ono, imawateteza ku kutentha kwa dzuwa, koma osati kokha. Izi zimathandizanso ku tizirombo tomwe takhazikika pakhungwa.
Pogulitsa pali zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi acrylic. Chitha gwiritsani ntchito matope a laimu. Copper sulfate nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa kwa izo. Kupukutira kumasungidwa bwino osasambitsidwa ndi mvula. M'mitengo yakale, yomwe ili ndi zaka 10-15, makungwa sawululidwa ndi dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, pachifukwa ichi, sikofunikira kuti muyeretse.
Komanso, tisanadule mitengo, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa ma cobwebs, zipatso zotsala kuyambira nthawi yophukira. Zonsezi zimawotchedwa ndi zinyalala. Unikani mtengo wa ma apulo ndi mabala, ngati alipo, ingokhalani yoyera ndi mpeni kumisempha yathanzi.
Malowa akuyenera kupukutidwa, ndiye kuti muwaika m'munda var. Yoyenera kutetezedwa mkuwa sulphate yankho. Mumtsuko wamadzi, 300 g ya ndalama imaberekedwa ndipo osakaniza awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa malo owonongeka pamtengo wa apulo.
Malonda am'munda kapena ma putti amagwiritsanso ntchito magawo onse kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo. Mutha kupanga zotengera motengera matabwa. Magawo 50 a utomoni amatenthetsedwa ndimadzimadzi, magawo 13 a nkhumba kapena mafuta a mwanawankhosa ndi magawo 20 a turpentine amawonjezeramo. Zonsezi ndizosakanikirana bwino.
Ma mankhwala omwe ali okonzeka amakhala akugulitsa, koma wamaluwa ambiri sawalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa ali ndi rosin ndi mafuta owuma. Amaonedwa ngati owopsa pamitengo.
Kudulira mitengo ya maapulo
Tsopano mutha kuyamba kudulira kwamasika. Ndikofunikira kulingalira komwe nthambi zinali, chifukwa kukula ndi zipatso zake zimatengera izi:
Zotsatira zonse zosapatsa zipatso zimatha kupereka nthambi, yomwe imapangika pachimake ndi thunthu pomwe amachotsedwa koyamba.- Nthambi zowongoka zimakula kwambiri kuposa ena, koma zimabala zipatso zochepa, zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zambiri pakukula.
- Zipatso zambiri zimapangidwa panthambi za mtengo wa apulo.
- Ndikofunika kuchotsa nthambi zowonongeka ndi matenda.
Zotsatira zonse zosapatsa zipatso zimatha kupereka nthambi, yomwe imapangika pachimake ndi thunthu pomwe amachotsedwa koyamba.Ndi korona akuwombera siophweka. Simalimbikitsidwa kuti azidulira mu mitengo ya maapulo ochepera zaka 3, chifukwa amafunikira kukula kwawo. Za nthambi za mafupa, zimafupikitsidwa. Ngati njirayi ikuchitika pofuna kuthana ndi ukalamba, ndiye kuti muzichita izi kutalika kwa chaka chilichonse.
Kudulira mitengo yaying'ono ya maapulo kumathandiza kukhazikitsa kukula ndi zipatso. Mitengo ya chaka chimodzi sichikhala ndi nthambi zazikulu. Amadulidwa pafupifupi mita kuchokera pansi.
Kufikira zaka 5, ndibwino kuti mupange kudulira pa mtengo wa apulo, ndipo ndikufupikitsa nthambi ndikofunika kusamala. Ndikofunika kuti muzichepetse osachepera kuti mupewe kuchepetsedwa pakukula kwa mitengo.
Mitengo yosamalira apulo ya zaka zimafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Mukakonzanso mtengo, munthu ayenera kuganizira ngati pakhala kuwonjezeka m'zaka 2 zapitazi. Ngati sichinawonedwe, ndiye kuti mitundu yazipatso imachotsedwa pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono kudula mafupa achigoba.
Pogwira ntchito ndi mitengo yakale kwambiri, podulira iwo amawongoleredwa ndi gawo la kugona. Ili kumapeto kwa mphukira. Mitengo yotere imadzidulira pafupifupi mitengo 7 yazaka.
Zotsatira za kudera nkhawa kumeneku sikuchedwa kubwera. Njira zowombolera ziyamba chaka chamawa. Kuchepetsa korona kumathandizira mpweya wabwino wa apulo ndi kuphimba kwake. Zonsezi zimakhudza bwino mtengo komanso zipatso zake.
Zomwe zimapakidwa ndi mitengo mchaka
Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala opangira tizilombo. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri molingana ndi njira yowonekera: yachilengedwe ndi yolumikizirana.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Mankhwala olumikizana nawo amagwira ntchito bwino pokonza nkhuni koyambirira. Zimathandizanso kuthana ndi tizirombo tomwe tayamba kuvota bwino pansi pa khungwa louma.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amtunduwu, tikugwera tizirombo, tiziwononga nthawi yomweyo. Koma kuchepa kwawo ndi nthawi yochepa yochitapo kanthu, nthawi yake imangokhala sabata, kupatula apo, amasambitsidwa mosavuta ndi mvula.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiyana pamalingaliro okhudzana. Pambuyo pokonza, amalowa mkati mwa mtengo wa apulo, womwe amapha tizirombo. Kutalika kwa mankhwala atizilombo ali pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Potere, mankhwalawa samavulaza chipatso, chifukwa chimawola msanga. Ndizabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya apulo pambuyo pake. Nawa ochepa mwa mankhwala omwe alipo:
- Voliam Targo - wogwira mtima polimbana nkhupakupa ndi njenjete.
- Nurell D. Mankhwala achilengedwe awa ndi abwino polimbana ndi tiziromboti.
- Insegar siliwononga njenjete zokha, komanso masamba a tsamba.
- Benzophosphate. Chochita chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi tizirombo tatsamba, pomwe tizilombo toyambitsa mungu mungu sikuchitika, samatha mwezi umodzi.
- Oleokuprit amathandiza polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, ndi tizilombo.
- Karbofos. Imagwira ntchito pa nthawi ya kukula kuchokera kwa tizirombo totsamba, koma sigwiritsidwa ntchito pakufota.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, palinso zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, yankho la phulusa la nkhuni limathandiza ndi mbozi ndi nsabwe za m'mapapo. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zinthu zingapo zofunikira zotsata: magnesium, chitsulo, mkuwa.
Pakukonzekera masika kwa mitengo ya maapulo gwiritsani ntchito yankho mkuwa kapena sulfate yachitsuloAmalimbana bwino ndi tizirombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Ma infusions osiyanasiyana amagwiranso ntchito: anyezi mankhusu, adyo, fodya. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi yankho la sopo yochapa.
Chifukwa chakuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ya tizirombo ndi yosiyana, njira imodzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosankha. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mlimi aliyense amasankha zomwe zingamuyendere.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikofunikira kutsatira mlingo. Musaiwale za njira zachitetezo mukamagwira nawo ntchito.
Kuwongolera kwa tizilombo
Kudulira kwa mtengowo kukatha, ndi nthawi yoti uchotse mankhwalawo. Ndikwabwino kwambiri kuchita prophylaxis nthawi yamasika kuposa kuwononga tizilombo nthawi yakucha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya maapulo kumakhala ndi zobisika zake. Agawidwa m'magawo angapo. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Marichi, njira zoyambirira zimachitidwa isanayambike madzi. Korona wa mtengo wa maapulo amathiridwa ndi njira zapadera. Zotheka pano ikani madzi a Bordeaux.
Mutha kuphika nokha. Izi zimachitika motere: 250 g ya mayendedwe ofulumira amawonjezeredwa ndi malita 10 amadzi (ozizira) ndikusefa. Kenako pangani yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, chifukwa, malita a 2,5 a madzi ofunda, tengani 250 g yamkuwa. Kusakaniza uku kumatsanulidwa mu yankho la laimu ndikuphatikizidwa bwino.
Chifukwa chake kuthira nduwira mitengo. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi ndi +3 ° C. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana timagwiranso ntchito. Zofunikira mu gawo lotsatira. Amayendetsa thunthu, nthambi ndi malo pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo.
Chithandizo chachiwiri chiri mu Epulo. Masamba atayamba kale kupanga, koma mtengo wa maapoziwo sunaphuke. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisawotche impso. Kapenanso mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwanu mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, ndi otetezeka kwa opukutira mungu.
Mitengo yamaluwa ya apulo
Munthawi yammphuno, impso zimalimbana ndi maluwa ndi zipatso zomwe zimadya masamba. Pazifukwa izi, mayankho a mankhwala monga Benzophosphate, Karbofos, Rovikurt ndi abwino.
Masamba atayamba kupanduka pinki, mutha kuteteza mitengo ya apulo ku mbozi. Zikugwiranso ntchito pano Bitoxibacillin yankho. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'ana masamba kuti alipo zipatso zazipatso. Karbofos akulimbana nawo, ndipo kukonzekera kwa sulfure kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kufufuza sikuchitika pa nthawi ya kuphukira kwa masamba, kuti musasokoneze mapangidwe a mazira ovuta. Maluwa omwe ali pamtengo wa maapoziwo ataphuka, njira monga kudula namsongole ndi zomwe zimapezeka pamtengoyi ndizotheka tizirombo timachotsedwa ndi dzanja. Pakadali pano, mitengo ya maapulo siyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chifukwa ndizotheka kuvulaza tizilombo tothira mungu.
Gawo lotsatira la kasupe pokonza mitengo ya maapulo imayamba kumapeto kwa maluwa. Pakadali pano, amalimbana ndi tizilombo tomwe timawononga masamba ndi zipatso, monga njenjete ndi njenjete.
Imatha kupachika misampha ya gulugufe. Izi ndi zochitika zomaliza kukonza masika a mitengo ya apulo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zina zitha kukhala zofunikira kukonzanso mitengo mobwerezabwereza.
Matenda a Apple - chithandizo ndi kupewa
Chofunikira ndikupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a apulosi. Nthawi zambiri pokonzekera fungicidal amagwiritsa ntchito izi. Amathandiza pothana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus osati okha.
Mwachitsanzo, Chorus imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mochedwa mitengo ya maapulo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe maluwa. Iye ali Tetezani ku ufa wofinya ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala yochepa poizoni. Ndi matenda omwewo amalimbana mothandizidwa ndi sulufule ya colloidal.
Ithandizira mankhwalawa komanso sulfate yamkuwa. Amakonza mtengo wa apulo polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, lichens ndi mosses, omwe amatha kukhala ndi tizirombo osiyanasiyana, komanso amateteza mitengo kuti isapume nthawi zonse.
Pakupopera mtengo, mawonekedwe awa amakonzedwa: 200 g yamkuwa sulphate pa 10 malita a madzi. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, mtengowo umatsukidwa ndi lichens, kuchotsa makungwa. Ndipo amathandizira madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi izi. Bordeaux madzi amathandizanso pazinthu zotere.
Kupewetsa nkhanambo zabwino chithandizo cha mkuwa chloride. Kusakaniza kwa mkuwa wa sulfate yokhala ndi mandimu ozimitsa kumathandizanso kuchokera pamenepo, umakwiriridwa ndi malita 10 amadzi ndikuthiridwa ndi mitengo. Carbonate fungicides amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Wobzala mitengo ya apulo mu April
Kusamalira masamba a mtengo wa apulo kumaphatikiza feteleza wake. Chisanu chikangosungunuka pabwalo loyandikira, amafukula dothi ndikuwonjezera ammonium nitrate.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, nyimbo zomwe zili ndi nitrogen yambiri ndizofunikira. Udzu usanachotsedwe komanso kumasula pansi mosamalakuti musawononge mizu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la manyowa m'madzi 1: 10, ndowe za mbalame 1:15. Zothandiza ndi mkuwa sulfate, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi 2 g pa 10 malita.
Feteleza wabwino amathanso kukonzekera ku phulusa la nkhuni. Kwa malita 10 amadzi mufunika 100 ga phulusa ndi Art. l urea. Kusakaniza kumayikidwa pansi pa mtengo. Ntchito pazolinga izi ndi humus. Ndi dothi losauka, kuthira manyowa poyambira maluwa kumathandizanso.
Itha kukonzedwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi posungunula mu 10 malita a madzi:
- potaziyamu sulfate 40 g;
- superphosphate 50 g;
- 250 g mbalame zitosi (zitha mmalo mwake ndi 0,5 l yazitsulo).
Pa maluwa ndibwino feteleza wachilengedwe, koma simuyenera kuyiwala za nyimbo zachilengedwe. Kudyetsa mitengo yaying'ono ndikofunikira kwambiri, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azidulitsidwa katatu pakatha mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo povala pamwamba, ndikofunikira kumasula pansi kachiwiri.
Chisamaliro cha apulo cha masika ndichofunikira kwambiri. Ndi chitsimikizo cha chitukuko chenicheni mitengo. Pokhapokha mwa kuyesayesa pang'ono mungathe kukolola bwino.
