Makangaza ndi mtengo wamitengo pafupifupi 6 mita, koma mutha kupeza makangaza ngati chitsamba. Imakhala ndi nthambi zoonda komanso zofiirira. Masamba obiriwira, masamba obiriwira amakhala masango. Itha kuphuka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti ndikutulutsa maluwa okongola ngati malalanje ofiira, achikasu kapena oyera. Pali maluwa ambiri pamtengo.
Zipatso zamapometi zili ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa ndi mainchesi mpaka 12 cm ndi kulemera kwa 500 g. Mtundu wa zipatso umatha kukhala wachikasu kapena chofiirira. Mkati mwake m'maselo a 9-12 mu chipolopolo chamadzimadzi mumakhala mbewu zambiri za zotsekemera komanso zowawasa. Izi zamkati muli monosaccharides, ma asidi osiyanasiyana, ma polyphenols, mavitamini ndi ma tannins. Kuchokera pamtengo umodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 60 kg.
Makangaza ndiofala ku Middle East, Greece, Italy, Caucasus, Crimea, ndi zina. Ndiosowa kwambiri kuthengo, makamaka komwe kumalimidwa kumaiko otentha komanso madera otentha.
Kukula mitengo ya makangaza
Mtengowu umatha kupereka zipatso zabwino ngati ukukula bwino. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira. Makangaza kufalikira ndi mbewu, kudula ndi magawo. Kubzala, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa chipatso, koma asanabzalidwe, amafunika kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, mkati mwa maola 24, mbewu ziwuma, ndikuyika mufiriji kwa masiku 5-6.
Pakubzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapoto ang'onoang'ono ndi dothi lopangidwa kale, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa m'malo a chipinda. Muphika uyenera kukhala ndi njira yotayira. Dziko lapansi limathiridwa mumphika ndikuthirira madzi ambiri. M'dzikoli, akuya masentimita 1, aikidwa, okonzeka kubzala mbewu. Kuti achepetse kukula, potoyo imakutidwa ndi pulasitiki ndikumayikidwa pamalo otentha padzuwa. Tizilombo titaonekera, filimu ya pulasitiki imatha kuchotsedwa. Mbeu yaying'ono koma itakula bwino ingabzalidwe munthaka.
Adabzala pansi mu kasupe kapena yophukira patsamba loyatsa bwino ndi dzuwa. Kutsatira malangizowa, makangaza amakula bwino ndipo amayamba kuphuka ndi kubala zipatso.
Pofalikira podulidwa, mphukira zapachaka za mtengo wathanzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Musanabzala, malo amakonzekera izi: dothi limathiridwa manyowa ndi kuyang'aniridwa kuti liziwotha bwino. Kuonetsetsa kupulumuka kwa zodulidwa, zimakutidwa ndi pulasitiki ndikukulungidwa pang'ono kuti zodulidwazo zisamasefukire komanso kufa.
M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, mtengo wachichepere umafunika kuthirira, nthaka ikamuma. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe chifukwa chowonjezerera, popeza kukhalapo kwa chinyezi chochulukirapo kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, pagawo loyandikira, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi ndikuyiwala za umuna, ngati mukufuna zotsatira zabwino. Mu Juni, feteleza wachilengedwe amafunika kuyikiridwa, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous amawonjezeredwa. Kuti mupeze mbewu yabwino komanso kapangidwe koyenera korona, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzidula makangaza.
Isanayambe nyengo yozizira, makangaza amapanga masamba amtsogolo. Kuti ntchito isawonongeke, mtengowo umatetezedwa ku kuzizira ndi chisanu, ndikuuphimba ndi chilichonse choyenera. Masamba osungidwa amaphuka mchaka limodzi ndi masamba. Makangaza amayamba kuphuka mchaka cha 2 mpaka 3 cha moyo, ndipo amabala zipatso mchaka cha 4.
Zothandiza zimatha makangaza
Chipatso cha makangaza chimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yolawa, kuphatikiza apo, chili ndi mavitamini A, B1, B2, P, E, C, ili ndi ma organic acids komanso organic (tannic). Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi michere, zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso ya mankhwala wowerengeka. Ili ndi katundu wokhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuwongolera ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati mwa munthu, dongosolo logaya chakudya, mtima ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, ndikubwezeretsanso njira yamagazi.
Ndi hemoglobin yotsika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timwe madzi a makangaza, omwe amathandiza magazi. Popewa matenda a atherosclerosis, muyenera kudya chipatso ichi pafupipafupi. Iyenera kudyedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chipatsochi chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chimatha kulowa m'malo mwa insulin. Anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto adzatha kuwonjezera magawo owuma ku tiyi kuti apumule komanso athetse kukwiya.
Peel ndi zipatso zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekula m'mimba, kupukusa chakudya cham'mimba ndi chimbudzi.
Mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makangaza kupangira mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa Escherichia coli ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa, cholera vibrios ndi ma virus ena, komanso mabakiteriya.
Mankhwala achikhalidwe amalimbikitsa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zotupa zoyipa, ndipo kwa amuna zimatha kukhala prophylactic ku khansa ya prostate.
Chipatsochi chimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe akudwala gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magazi a makangaza, omwe amatha kuwononga enamel.
Zosiyanasiyana zamakangaza
Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula, mtundu, kucha, kukoma, kulekerera kuzizira. Mitundu yotsatira ya makangaza itha kuperekedwa:
- Wopanda zigawenga. Zotsatira za kubereka Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Ndi mtengo wokometsedwa wokhala ndi korona yozungulira. Kulemera kwa chipatso kuli kwinakwake pafupifupi 250-300g, koma pali zoyerekeza mpaka 450g. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi zipatso zakuda zamtunduwu, zonunkhalazo ndi zotsekemera-zotsekemera, zokutidwa ndi peel. Kucha kwapakatikati.
- Gulasha ndi pinki. Zirala ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu zooneka ngati chopanda. Madziwo ndi owawasa kukoma, koma ali ndi fungo labwino.
- Gyulasha ndi wofiyira. Mtengo wamiyala yokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira, zokutira, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zazikulu kwambiri. Madziwo amakoma ndi wowawasa.
- Nikitsky molawirira. Shrub osati wamtali, ndi makangaza akulu kwambiri. Ili ndi msuzi wokoma, wokoma wowawasa.
- Achik-dona. Chimakula m'magawo a Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan. Kugwirizana kwa zipatsozi kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kotsekemera. Mtundu wabwino wobala zipatso ndi kucha kucha pakati pa Okutobala.
- Bala Mursal. Chimakula m'magawo a Azerbaijan. Kutalika kwa mtengo wamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi mamitala atatu, pomwe zipatso zazikulu (400-500g) za mtundu wa rasipiberi wamtundu zimakula, zimakhala zotsekemera komanso zowawasa. Pakakhala zabwino, makilogalamu 30-50 zipatso zitha kutoleredwa kuthengo.
Mwachilengedwe, si mitundu yonse yomwe ili patsamba lino ndipo garnet yocheperako ndiyofunika kwambiri kuyionetsa.
Makangaza makangaza
Ngakhale kukula kwake pang'ono (pafupifupi mita imodzi) ndi zipatso zazing'ono (mkati mwa magalamu 70), sizimasiyana pakumvekera kuchokera ku mitundu yayikulu-zipatso. Kukula makangaza michere kunyumba ndizosangalatsa. Mtengowu umatha kutulutsa mchaka choyamba cha moyo, osakwanira kutalika kwa 20-25 cm.Maluwa akewa amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi maluwa okongola a lalanje kapena maluwa ofiira. Ili ndi zinthu zingapo zothandiza, mwachitsanzo, anthelmintic. Ngati mutulutsira timitengo yaying'ono mu theka la lita imodzi, kusinthana mpaka theka, kuvutikira ndikungotuluka pang'ono kwa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyiwala za mphutsi. Ichi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe zomwe zimalankhula zodabwitsa za makangaza.
