Mtundu wa eonium (Aeonium) imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la Crassulaceae. Chimagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 40 yamizimba, yomwe imayimilidwa ndi zomera zotchedwa herbaceous, zitsamba, komanso zitsamba. Ambiri aiwo mwachilengedwe amatha kupezeka m'malo ocheperako ndipo makamaka ku Canary Islands, Madeira, East Africa ndi Morocco.
Mitundu yonse yamtunduwu imafanana. Chifukwa chake, masamba awo okoma opanda masamba omwe amatengedwa mu rosette amakula ndi mizere yowongoka pakabowo. Pali mitundu yomwe mulibe malire pakati pa masamba, masamba amanjawo amayikidwa pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, ndipo pamalo omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mamba a pine cone. Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe a masamba amapanga mawonekedwe ndipo mitundu ina imakhala yakuthwa kumapeto. Ndi zaka, masamba amagwa, ndipo pamtengo pamtengo pamtunduwu, mutha kuwona zipsera zotuwa za mawonekedwe a rhomboid.
Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masabata anayi. Pakadali pano, maudzu apamwamba amaoneka ngati apical, omwe ali ndi ma inflorescence otambalala. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono, awiri omwe amafikira sentimita imodzi yokha, amatha kujambulidwa ndi pinki, achikaso kapena oyera. Ma corolla olekanawo ali ndi miyala 9 yopapatiza yozungulira.
Kutalika kwa mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana. Ngakhale kuti dzina loti Eonium limachokera ku Greek "aionois" wakale "Wamuyaya, wokhalitsa", mitundu yokhala ndi mphukira yopanda nthambi, yomwe imakhala ndi rosette 1 yokha, imafa atangomaliza maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, eonium longline, yomwe ikulira m'thengo, ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Eonium amasamalira kunyumba
Kupepuka
Amakonda kuwala kwambiri. Chomera choterocho chimayenera kupatsidwanso magetsi owunikira chaka chonse, ngakhale mkati mwa nyengo yozizira yomwe imawonedwa nthawi yachisanu. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizithandizidwa ndi ma phytolamp apadera, koma musaiwale kuti kutalika kwa maola masana chaka chonse kuyenera kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 12.
M'chilimwe, mbewu yotereyi imalimbikitsa kuti isamutsidwe kumzimu watsopano (kukhonde, kumunda). Mutha kusankha malo amadzuwa, monga kuwala kwadzuwa kolimbitsa thupi sikuvulaza maluwa.
Pakakhala kuwala pang'ono, masamba a masamba amasintha, ndipo omwe ali ndi mtundu wa motley amangosintha kukhala wobiriwira. Komanso, masamba oyambira masamba amakhala ochepa wandiweyani, ndipo zimayambira zimatambasuka.
Mitundu yotentha
Eonium imafuna kutentha kozizira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, amadzimva kutentha kwambiri mpaka madigiri 16 mpaka 23. Ngati chipindacho ndichotentha, ndiye kuti chomera chimafunikira mpweya wabwino wambiri (ndibwino kusinthira mumsewu).
M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa oterewa amakhala ndi nthawi yovunda, pomwe amafunika kuzizira. Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chipindacho chimayenera kusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8 mpaka 12. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti duwa limatha kutaya masamba onse ndikulephera kukongoletsa.
Momwe mungamwere
Pa kukula kwakukulu, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Thirirani mbewu pokhapokha dothi lili mumphika kuti lisafike 1/3 kutalika kwake. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kosowa kwambiri. Zoti duwa liyenera kuthiriridwa lingatanthauzidwe ndi masamba, chifukwa chake amayamba kutaya turgor.
Chinyezi
Imasinthidwa kuti ikhalepo m'malo okhala chinyezi chanyumba. Komabe, pofuna kukhala aukhondo, amalangizidwa kuti azisamba mwawamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamenepa, ndikofunikira kuphimba gawo lapansi mumphika ndi cellophane kuti muteteze madzi.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Zosafunikira chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri kosaganizira acidity. Kukonzekera dothi losakanikirana, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza pepala, dongo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso mchenga, womwe uyenera kutengedwa chimodzimodzi. Pakubzala, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito nthaka yomwe idagulidwa kwa cacti ndi supulents.
Popewa kupanga zowola pamizu, kutsanulira pang'ono makala oponderezedwa gawo lapansi. Komanso musaiwale kupanga gawo labwino lokwanira pansi pa thankiyo. Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito dongo kapena dothi losweka.
Feteleza
Feteleza azithira dothi kamodzi pakadutsa milungu inayi komanso pokhapokha pakukula kwambiri. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera wa ma suppulents kapena cacti, pomwe mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa phukusi uyenera kutsatira.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Ngakhale chomerachi chili chaching'ono, chimafunikira kuchotsedwa kamodzi pachaka kumapeto kwa chaka, pomwe chatsopanochi chimayenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa mulifupi. Zonena za akuluakulu ziyenera kuziika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, mwachitsanzo, pomwe mizu italeka kulowa bwino mumphika.
Tizindikire kuti izi zimakula msanga, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthidwa ndi mwana (wamkulu kachiwiri).
Njira zolerera
Njira yolerera zimadalira mitundu. Chifukwa chake, zitha kufalikira ndi mbewu kapena kudula. Mwachitsanzo, masamba osakhazikika a eonium longline, omwe ndi amitundu ingapo, amathanso kufalikira kokha mwa njere. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lapamwamba la tsinde lomwe lili ndi chikwangwani cha masamba kuti lizike mizu litha kudulidwa kuchitsamba. Pesi lotere limalimbikitsidwa kuti lizikhazikitsidwa mumchenga kapena madzi. Nthawi zambiri, mizu imawonekera patangopita nthawi yochepa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Wokongola kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi tizilombo zovulaza, ziyenera kuyatsidwa ndi mzimu wofunda. Zikakhala kuti matendawa ndi oopsa (osowa kwambiri), ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chapadera, mwachitsanzo, Actellic, chidzafunika.
Aeonium akudwala, monga lamulo, chifukwa chophwanya malamulo osamalira. Chifukwa chake, amawoneka wovunda pamizu chifukwa chakusuntha kwamadzi m'nthaka, kapena kugwa masamba onse chifukwa cha dzinja.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu yambiri ya eonium ndiyotchuka ndi omwe amalima maluwa.
Eonium arboreum (Aeonium arboreum)
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri. Chitsamba ichi sichitali kwambiri, motero chimatha kutalika pafupifupi 100 cm. Pamwamba pa thunthu lake lokhazikika, lopanda nthambi pali kutumphuka kwa utoto wonyezimira. Rosette wamasamba ndiwofewa, lotayirira ndipo limafikira mainchesi 20 cm. Timapepala tokhala ngati burodi tili m'mphepete momwe timatchulapo "cilia". Kutalika kwa masamba kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Pazomera zamtundu, masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi utoto wamtambo wa masamba kapena wokhala ndi malire wofiirira (mwachitsanzo, mitundu "Atropurpureum"). Peduncle kutalika pafupifupi 30 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa ake ndi achikaso.
Nyumba ya Eonium (Aeonium zoweta)
Ma rosette a masamba ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yakale, koma mbewu yotere ndi yaying'ono, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 30 sentimita. Pamaso pa thunthu lamtengo wambiri pali khungwa la mtundu wakuda. Maonekedwe a masambawo ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Komabe, ndizofalikira pang'ono kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu, koma yifupi kwambiri (masentimita awiri kutalika). M'mphepete mwa masamba pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatha kutalika masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Maluwa achikasu.
Zodzikongoletsa za Eonium (Aeonium zokongoletsera)
Chomera chowoneka bwino choterechi chimakondanso ndi omwe ali ndi munda. Chomera chofanizira ichi chimafika kutalika kwa 20 cm. Imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo ili ndi malo oyambira masamba. Masamba ofiira ofiira. Komabe, amatenga utoto uwu pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, masamba ang'onoang'ono ali ndi utoto wobiriwira, kenaka amayamba kunyezimira m'mphepete. Masamba ake ndi otambalala ndipo amawapindapinda pang'ono. Kutalika, amafikira masentimita a 2,5.
Eonium virginsky (Aeonium virgineum)
Izi zosatha zimakhala pafupifupi zosatheka. Amapanga zigawo zambiri zamasamba otayirira. Chifukwa cha iwo, duwa limakula kukhala banja lalikulu. Pepala loti wavy pang'ono limapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, pomwe m'munsi limakhala utoto. Pansi pazachilengedwe, peduncle imakula mpaka masentimita 100. Maluwa ndi utoto wachikaso.
Eonium tiered kapena mbale wozungulira (Aeonium tabuliforme)
Ili ndi mtundu wosangalatsa kwambiri, koma pakadali pano sizodziwika kwambiri ndi amalimi a maluwa. Zomera zamtunduwu ndizopanda maziko ndipo zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wamlifupi ndi mainchesi 40 mpaka 50). Imagona pansi ndipo imawoneka ngati chikondamoyo. Muzochitika zakale, pali masamba 200 masamba. M'mphepete mwa masamba obiriwira ambiri pali mitundu yambiri ya cilia. Maluwa amapezeka mchaka cha 2 cha moyo. Pakadali pano, amakula masentimita 50, omwe amakhala ndi mantha a inflorescence, okhala ndi maluwa achikasu. Mapeto a maluwa, amafa.
Eonium Lindley (Aeonium lindleyi)
Mumtunduwu, masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu amasonkhanitsidwa mumadengu akuluakulu. Ndipo amapezeka pamwamba penipeni pa nthambi zopyapyala. Masamba obiriwira achikuda obiriwira amakhala pafupifupi ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Akamakula, amakhala osangalatsa komanso amasintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikaso. Chitsamba chimatha kutalika masentimita 15-30. Maluwa achikasu.
Mitundu yomwe imakulidwa m'nyumba, imakhala yosasamalika posamalira komanso osati yopanda pake. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, iwo samatulutsa kwathu.
