M'makona onse padziko lapansi, anthu amakonda duwa lotchedwa viola. M'mayiko ambiri amatchedwa violet. Chifukwa cha mtundu wowoneka bwino wa buluu ku Russia, amatchedwa ma pansies. Ndipo ku Ukraine, dzina lina ndilofala - abale, chifukwa maluwa amawoneka ofanana, koma aliyense ali ndi mtundu wosiyana. Viola ndi mbewu yosavomerezeka m'munda, sizibweretsa mavuto kwa eni ake, chifukwa chake ndiyotchuka pakati pa olima dimba.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 500 ya viola. Zili ponseponse padziko lapansi. Ziwawa zimakonda nyengo yofunda, komanso imapezekanso mu subtropics.
Viola, monga chikhalidwe cha dimba, adayamba kukula nthawi yayitali. Firgrant violet adalimidwa m'minda yamonamiyayi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Kupezeka kwa mitundu iwiri ya violets kwadziwika kale, koma mchikhalidwe chake adawoneka m'zaka za XVIII, ngati Altai violet. Chifukwa cha mbewu izi, m'zaka za zana la 19, Wittrock hybrid viola anapezeka. Tsopano ikhoza kupezeka m'minda yambiri. Ndi maluwa ake owala bwino, amasangalala kuyambira kasupe mpaka chilimwe. Mitundu yake yokongola imatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse la maluwa.
Monga lamulo, "ma pansies" amatchedwa mawonekedwe osakanizidwa a viola okhala ndi ziphuphu zinayi zazikulu zokwezedwa ndi m'modzi pansi. "Violet" ndi nyama yomwe yamera kuthengo, momwe miyala iwiri iwiri imayang'ana ndipo itatu ili pansi.
Viola ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Maonekedwe awo ndi ozungulira, ndipo m'mphepete amasinthidwa. Maluwa ndi osakwatiwa, akuluakulu, pafupifupi 10 cm. Whisk ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pamtunda wapamwamba komanso wapansi mumakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali ma violets okhala ndi miyala yoyera, yamtambo, yachikaso, yamtambo, yofiirira. Ndiwowonekera komanso opanda banga.
Ambiri olima dimba amalima ma pansies ngati chomera cha zaka ziwiri. Koma duwa limatha kukhala osatha. Ma viol wazaka ziwiri ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, maluwa akuluakulu amitundu yowala. Amayamba kutulutsa koyamba. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Samosev ndiye njira yosavuta yofalitsira ma violets. Mbeu zikakhwima, zimafesedwa mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kumera kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena m'miyezi yoyamba yophukira. Kuti maluwa okongola aphulike kale, mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kubzalidwa kumapeto. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbande kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuti ma violets azikhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. Pansies amasinthana bwino ndi malo atsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, maluwa omwe ali pamtondo wa violets sayenera kudulidwa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito violet pakupanga kwamunda
Violet amayamba kutulutsa m'mawa kwambiri. Zojambulajambula zokongola za ma pansies zimawoneka zodabwitsa. Amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri ngati mutabzala primroses kapena maluwa ena oyandikira pafupi nawo.
Viola angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malo owoneka bwino komanso makonde. Mbale yamaluwa yokhala ndi mipanda siyimasiyira wina aliyense chidwi. Chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri, mutha kupanga maluwa abwino kwambiri. Akatswiri ambiri opanga mawonekedwe amapanga kuphatikiza mitundu ndi zikhalidwe zamtchire. Mutha kulima viola m'munda. Zithunzi zautoto watatu pafupifupi zimapezeka ku Moorish lawns. Fragrant violet ndimtunda wotchuka womwe ndi wabwino m'malo otetezeka. Mosasamala mtundu, viola imakongola ndi kukongola kwake, mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi mitundu.
Kusamalira Pansy
Kusankha kwampando
Ambiri a violet amamva m'malo abwino. Mitundu yokongola iyi ndiyabwino komanso malo amthunzi pang'ono. Fungo lonunkhira limakonda mthunzi wopepuka. Idzakula bwino m'malo otentha.
Zomera zing'onozing'ono zibzalidwe pamabedi amaluwa, ndimaonetsetsa kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Kubzala wandiweyani ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mizu.
Dothi
Violet amaonedwa ngati chomera chosasangalatsa, koma ndibwino kutola dothi lotayirira ndi lachonde. Nthaka yoti ikalimidwe iyenera kukhala ndi ngalande zabwino kuti madzi asasunthikemo.
Pa dothi losauka komanso lamchenga, maluwa amatha kukula bwino, ndipo maluwa awo amakhala ochepa. Kuti mupewe vutoli, manyowa ndi manyowa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pansi.
Kuthirira
Pansies amafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumapikisidwa kwa iwo. Chifukwa cha izi, ma violets amatha kuvunda. Ngakhale kuti amalolera kuti pakhale kutentha kosawoneka bwino, nyengo yadzuwa, kuthirira kuyenera kuchuluka. Potentha amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi tsiku lililonse, kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha kuyanika kwa dothi, viola imataya zokongoletsera zake. Kuyesera kusunga chinyontho, tchire likugwada pansi. Maluwa amakhala ocheperako komanso ochulukirapo. Maluwa amayima.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuti zikule bwino komanso kuti zikule bwino, nthaka yomwe ma pansies amakula bwino imakhala ndi feteleza wa mchere. Mtengowo umadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni kuti masamba ake ndi okuda komanso obiriwira. Phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndikofunikira pakujambula bwino kwamaluwa. Ndikofunika kuti zisamachulukane ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka m'malo otentha kumathandizira kukula kwa matenda a fungus.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mukakulitsa ma pansies, alimi a maluwa nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Choopsa chachikulu cha ma violets ndi mphutsi za tizilombo zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka. Uwu ndi mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri kachilomboka. Komanso, mbewuyo imagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kadzidzi. Kuwachotsa ndikosavuta mokwanira. Kuti muthane nawo, zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimapezeka m'misika yamaluwa. Ngati malamulo a chisamaliro cha viola satsatiridwa, matenda monga powdery mildew, banga, muzu wowola, mwendo wakuda umatha kuoneka.
Kuswana
Violet amatha kufalitsa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Nthawi zambiri, njira yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ibereke ana atsopano. Kuti tisunge mtundu wokongola wa maluwa, mapani amafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa.
Palibe chifukwa chofunikira chofalitsira tricolor kapena fungo lonunkhira. M'mikhalidwe yoyenera, mitunduyi imadzisamalira. Amakula bwino panthaka yachonde. Musadabwe kuti chitsamba chatsopano chikuwonekera pansi pa zitsamba zamabulosi kapena m'njira.
Kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, viola amabzala nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Ngati mukufuna kupeza chomera chomwe chimaphukira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbande zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa February. Chimadzalidwa m'malo obiriwira kapena makreti. Monga lamulo, mphukira yoyamba imawonekera patatha masabata awiri awiri ndipo imakwiriridwa pansi, ndipo mu Meyi zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika. Zomera zotere zimaphuka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mukakulitsa ma pansies ngati chomera wazaka ziwiri, kufesa mbewu panthaka kumachitika nthawi yomweyo mutacha, ndikusankha mabedi oyenera. Kuti mbewu zikule bwino, zitha kuikidwa m'malo mwa maluwa, pakakhala masamba ndi maluwa kuthengo. Zimalekerera kuti ziziwoneka bwino.
Kuti mupeze mitundu yapamwamba yamapoto, njira yofalitsira monga masamba obiriwira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndondomeko itha kuchitidwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Monga zodula zimatenga nsonga zobiriwira za mphukira, pomwe pali mitundu itatu. Ayenera kubzalidwe m'malo opanda khungu, ozama kwambiri ndi masentimita 5. Ndikofunikanso kupopera mbewuzo mutabzala mutangobzala. Monga lamulo, kudula mizu kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Nthawi yomweyo, amayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusungidwa m'nthaka yonyowa pang'ono. Kuti mupeze mizu yabwinobwino, kudula kumakutidwa ndi pepala lothira m'masiku oyamba. Pambuyo pake, sizivunda. Zodula zimathiridwa madzi nthawi zonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, namsongole, namsongole womera pafupi ndi udzu. Mukamaudula mizu mu Meyi, maluwa oyamba amawonekera m'chilimwe. Mukazika mizu pambuyo pake, chidzaphuka chaka chachiwiri.
Kufalikira kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa ya violets kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupangitsenso mbewu. Mwambiri, mchaka chachitatu, ma pansies ndi okulirapo. Chifukwa cha izi, maluwa sakhala okongola kwambiri. Pafupifupi 10 zodulidwa zitha kupezeka kuchokera kumera umodzi nthawi. Panyengo yotentha, chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kuchuluka mpaka 45.
Momwe Mungakulire Pansies - Video
