Kotovnik ndi mtundu wazomera wa herbaceous kuchokera kubanja la Yasnotkovye, uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 250, yomwe yoposa 80 imapezeka ku Russian Federation - makamaka kumapiri a Transcaucasia ndi Central Asia. Chitsambachi chimakhala chotchuka chifukwa chokhala ndi fungo lapadera lomwe limakopa oimira banja la mphaka, komanso chifukwa cha machiritso ake.
Mitundu yamtundu wamtundu wamtundu ndi mitundu
Mphaka wamphaka anthu amatcha "Catnip." Mphukira zake zimatha kutalika ndi 40-100 masentimita, kukhala ndi khungu lotuwa. Masamba otambasulira ovoid okhala ndi masamba opitilira muyeso ndimaphatikizanso. Maluwa a inflorescence omwe amakhala ngati mabulashi oyera oyera amakhala ndi madontho ofiira. Kuchokera mwa iwo mumatuluka kununkhira kowoneka bwino, kofanana ndi mafuta a mandimu, omwe amphaka amasiyana kwambiri ndi a Valerian.
Mu State Register pali mitundu iwiri yamtundu wamatumbo. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi katambala basilio, womwe umadziwika ndi nthambi yoluka, nthambi, masamba opindika atatu okhala ndi mbali zokulira komanso fungo labwino.
Ng'ombe za mandimu Amasiyana ndi ena potengera fungo la mandimu onunkhira omwe amakhala ngati chipatso cha timbewu tanthete komanso kafungo kabwino. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwake ndi 40-60 masentimita, koma zolemba zina zimatha kufikira masentimita 150. Zonsezi masamba velvety matte ndi mphukira zimakhalanso ndi pubescent, zotsalazo zimafanana ndi lunguzi mu mawonekedwe awo.
Mitundu yamagwiritsidwe a mbewuyi ndi yotakata kwambiri - imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma vermouth apamwamba komanso zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, monga kununkhira ndi zonunkhira, zonunkhira komanso mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa ndimu ndimatimu ofunikira a mafuta polimbana ndi nkhungu ndi bowa kwatsimikiziridwa.
Kotovnik Mussini imakhala ndi kukula kochepa (osapitirira 20 cm) poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, koma ndiyabwino kwambiri. Masamba onunkhira nawonso ndi osiyana - mulifupi, komanso owonda pamtima. Mtundu wa buluu wamtambo wa lavenda ndi mawonekedwe a milomo yopangidwa ndi milomo, yosonkhanitsidwa munthambi, inflorescence.
Mtundu wake wosakanizidwa Katundu wa Fassen (kapena mphaka) yayitali komanso yochulukitsa bwino ndi mtundu wa lavenda, komabe, izi zitha kunenedwa pokhapokha pakulima pakati komanso kum'mwera magulu. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumatsitsidwa kumatha kupitirira 50 cm.
Katundu wosiyanasiyana oyenda fassena otsika masamba ake ndi ang'ono, yopapatiza, yokhazikika, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wa lilac mawonekedwe mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mapangidwe a maluwa.
Cattleman waku Siberia (iye - mphaka wamkulu),, wotchedwa dzina lodziwika bwino monga malo obiriwira, imakulitsa masentimita 60-100 wamtali ndi tsitsi la glandular laling'ono. Zomera zamtunduwu ndi oblong-lanceolate, mano kapena serrate kumapeto. Ma tassels otayirira a inflorescence amapakidwa utoto.
Mphaka wabwinobwino
Ndioyimira mbewu zonunkhira. Masamba ake a masentimita 40 amawoneka kuti amadzaza ndi vitamini C, carotene, mchere wamchere ndi zinthu zina zofunikira (zomwe zimapezeka mumasamba ndi zitsinde zazing'ono). Gawo la mlengalenga limanunkhira bwino kwambiri, ndipo kununkhira kwa mandimu kosalekeza kumakhalabe pakuuma. Masamba achichepere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza masaladi, nsomba ndi nyama, zipatso zosafunikira, kulawa tiyi, viniga ndi zina zambiri.
Kulembetsa ku boma kuli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana catnip masamba centaur ndi maluwa oyera omwe amapanga whorl wabodza kumtunda kwa tsinde, wokulungika-wamafuta owonda, wopindika pang'ono, wopatsa chidwi, masamba a masamba obiriwira.
Katundu waku Hungary 50-120 masentimita aatali ndi mphukira zingapo zolimba kumtunda ndipo masamba opindika amakhala ndi mtundu wovuta wa inflorescence wopangidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiirira wopanda tsabola komanso wofiirira kapena wotuwa kunja kapena korolla. Imapezeka kuthengo ku Russia (gawo la ku Europe, kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia), aku Carpathians aku Ukraine, ku Crimea m'madambo, m'mphepete ndi potsetsereka.
Ng'ombe zowuma m'mashopu oimiridwa ndi kalasi mphaka wamoto wabuluu. Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri komanso nthawi yayitali (nthawi yonse ya chilimwe), pomwe dimba limakutidwa ndi masamba owoneka a buluu wamtengo wakuda komanso kapeti wamtambo wobiriwira. Kukula kotsika (25 cm) kwamtunduwu kumalola kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ngati chivundikiro.
Catman of the Caucasus 60-65 masentimita amtali wamtambo wofiirira komanso wamtambo mu Meyi-Ogasiti. Awa ndi ma hybridi achilengedwe a Catnip okhala ndi maluwa akulu ndi Mussini, okhala ndi mafuta ofunikira. Masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera toni ya tonic.
Amphaka amphongoth Kutulutsa kwamtali masentimita 15 mpaka 40 mumaluwa ofiira, oyera, amtambo. mu June-Seputembala. Makamaka kukongoletsa molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe, kuphatikiza gawo lalifupi ndi mawonekedwe mawonekedwe, kumubweretsa ku zokonda za nyimbo za Alpine slide.
Kubzala Cattleman ndi kusamalira poyera
Zofunikira posamalira catnip zimatsika kuti zimupatse kutentha ndi chinyezi. Wosatha uyu amatha kukhala pawebusayiti imodzi kwa zaka zambiri, koma amatha kungodzitamandira zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Poika, mabedi onse ndi dimba la maluwa ndiloyenera.
Kupuma kotalika popereka chinyezi si vuto la catnip, monga, kwenikweni, kutentha kwakuthwa kumasintha. Koma ndiolakwika kwambiri chifukwa chakuthirira nthaka, chifukwa chake, musayang'anitsitse kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso kambiri - kotero mizu yake imangovunda. Kuthirira sikungakhale kopitilira kawiri m'masiku 30 popanda mvula yachilengedwe.
Ndikwabwino kubzala katchi pamtundu woyera, wachonde. Tsambalo liyenera kukhala lopalidwa bwino komanso kumasulidwa katatu pachaka. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti mulch ndi peat.
Nthawi ziwiri pachaka zimagawidwa kuti zizidyetsa mbewu: kasupe ndikukhazikitsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi nthawi yophukira ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.
Melissa ndi chomera chamankhwala, amenenso ndi membala wa banja la Iasnatkovye, chimamera mosavuta pakubzala ndi kusamalira poyera ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe. Malangizo pakukula ndi kusamalira chomera ichi chitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.
Kudulira Catnip
Julai asanafike, pakukula mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mphaka. Amakhala ndikuchotsa inflorescence kosokonekera, komwe kumathandizira kukulira kwatsopano kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Poterepa, munthu ayenera kuganizira za kukhudzidwa kwakulu kwa mbewu iyi mwanjira iyi.
Mphaka, wodulidwa mpaka muzu, sadzatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, kudula 10-15 masentimita pamwamba pa muzu kumamupatsa mwayi 40% yozizira, pomwe kudula mpaka 40-50 masentimita, kumawonjezeka kwambiri - 80%. Osati kuyikidwa kudulira ndi zina zamakina zamphamvu zozizira bwino nthawi yozizira popanda pogona.
Cattleman kukula kwa mbewu
Kufesa mbewu kumachitika bwino kwambiri mu nazale. Mbewu zitatu zikaonekera mbande, zimabzyala pamalo okhazikika, kuonetsetsa kuti pakhale masentimita 30x30. Kukula sikofunika, kumera mbewu kumachitika patatha masiku 6-20. Zomera zofesedwa nyengo yachisanu zimadziwika ndi mbande zoyambirira komanso kupezeka kwa maluwa mchaka choyamba, pomwe mbewu zake sizinapse.
Pankhani yofesa masika, mphaka sichifalikira mwachangu, mpaka 25-25 masentimita a kukula. Kuyambira zaka 2, mbewu zonse zimayamba nthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso nthawi zonse. Mukasunga malamulo a chisamaliro chofotokozedwa pamwambapa, mphaka aliyense wazaka 2 ndi wazaka zambiri adzapatsa 7-15 mphukira mpaka kutalika kwa 140 cm.
Catnip kuswana pogawa chitsamba
Kubwezeretsanso pogawa tchire kumachitika wazaka 2-3 zaka zoyambirira masika kapena nthawi yophukira. Gawo lirilonse lowonongeka liyenera kukhala ndi mizu komanso osapitirira 5.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Catnip ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kupewa kwambiri tizilombo. Amathawitsanso ena (mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nsikidzi), koma agulugufe amayamikira zonunkhira za chipatso cha ndimu ya Catnip chifukwa cha phindu lake, pomwe nthawi imodzimodziyo ikuvulaza mbewuyo poyikira mazira.
Polimbana nawo, mankhwala achilengedwe amathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa mankhwala amamuwopseza njuchi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mphaka siitha kugwidwa ndi matenda aliwonse.
Kotovnik mankhwala ndi contraindication
Maziko a catnip ali ndi 0,2-0.4% yamafuta ofunikira, opangidwa ndi citral (13%), geraniol (12%), citranellol, limonene, dipentene, tannins ndi zinthu zina.
Mankhwala achikhalidwe amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa madzi kuti muchepetse chilakolako chofuna kudya, mankhwalawa kuchepa kwa magazi, kupuma movutikira, jaundice, mutu ndimavuto. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakunja kumasonyezedwa matenda osiyanasiyana akhungu.
Pokolola udzu, nthawi ya maluwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Julayi ndiyabwino kwambiri - muyenera kudula nsonga zopanda mphukira, ndiye kudyetsa chomeracho ndi msuzi wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mphaka ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi.
