Tizilombo tina tomwe tiyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi mealybug. Ena amakhulupirira kuti siowopsa makamaka, izi sizili choncho. Mealybugs amatha kuvulaza onse m'malo obisalamo ndi m'zipinda ndipo ngakhale potseguka poyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kuzomera, kuwapondereza, ndikuthandizira kuti asamawonekere, atchuke, komanso amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira. Zonsezi zimatha kubweretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu izi ndi matenda ena ndi tizilombo tina. Tikambirana njira zothanirana ndi kuwongolera kwa mealybug m'nkhaniyi.
Mealybug.
Kodi ndi mtundu wotani wa mealybug?
The mealybug ikhoza kuyamwa kuyamwa maselo kuchokera kumaluwa, maluwa, komanso zokolola mwanzeru komanso ngakhale zomwe zimamera m'malo obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha pamalo anu obedwa ndi tizilombo, kugula zinthu zatsopano kubzala, inu nokha, osazindikira, mutha kubweretsa tizilombo patsamba lanu ndikuphwanya ndi dothi ndi mbewu. Popeza zonsezi, nkhondo yolimbana ndi mealybug ndiyofunikira ndipo posachedwa bwino.
Mealybug, yochokera ku English Mealybug kapena Latin Pseudococcidae, imavulaza mbewu, sichimakonda ngati gawo loyambira lamiseche idya masamba, kapena ngati njenjete yomwe ikudontha m'zipinda za mbewu, koma imayambitsa mbali zonse za mbewu, kuyambira zipatso mpaka zimayambira ndi masamba, ndipo ngakhale maluwa okhala ndi mazira.
Machitidwe onse a mealybug ndi odabwitsa ndipo amakhala ndikuyamwa (nthawi zina mwa zochulukirapo) msuzi wopatsa moyo kuchokera ku mbewu, kwinaku ndikudzilekanitsa ndi zotsatira zake zofunikira mu mawonekedwe a zotsekemera, zotsekemera, zomwe, monga mafinya a aphid, zimakonda kwambiri nyerere ndipo zomwe , komanso pamtunda wakupsa, womwe umasokoneza mawonekedwe a mbewuyo mosakhalitsa.
Tizilombo timeneti tili ndi dzina losangalatsa "mealybug" chifukwa, ndili pakalikiliki, komanso nditakula, thupi la mealybug laphimbidwa ndi zoyera, zotulutsa ngati ufa, komanso tsitsi lowoneka bwino.
Zomwe zimachitika pakapangidwe ka mealybug
Zikuwoneka kuti kuwonjezereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uchulukane kwakanthawi pachaka, komanso kuchuluka kwa feteleza wosiyanasiyana munthaka, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, komwe kumapangitsa kufooka kwa thupi la mbewuyo, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa chitetezo chake.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti poyera komanso osatetezedwa munthawi imodzi yokha, mpaka mibadwo iwiri ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amatha kubanika nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe. M'malo otsekedwa, ndiko kuti, m'malo obisika, m'malo otentha, ndi ena otere, anthu enanso otere, izi zimagwiranso ntchito m'malo otetezedwa kumene mbewu zamaluwa zimabzalidwa.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mealybug wamkazi m'modzi yekha yemwe amatha kuyikira mazira mazana asanu ndi limodzi pa nyengo, yomwe, mukuwona, siing'ono. Yaikazi imayikira mazira mu thumba lapadera, lomwe limadzipangira lokhalokha. Mphutsi zosaka ndizabwino kwambiri komanso zam'misewu, ena olima ndi osamalira mundawo amawatcha "agabond" chifukwa sakhala phee.
Nthawi zambiri mbozi zomwe zikungoyendayenda, zikuyenda mosalekeza, zimakumana ndi chinthu choyenera ntchito zawo zofunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya, nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mealybug isintha malo ake pakudya pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera kwachilengedwenso, kapena pokhapokha pakufunika thandizo, nenani, chakudya chimatha m'dera lino kapena ambiri ampikisano amawonekera pafupi ndikuti kulimbana kovuta kumayambira.
Asanayambe kuyikira mazira, wamkazi wa mealybug amasankha malo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupatsa chidwi ndi malo abwino kwambiri komanso otetezeka. Chimakopa, choyambirira, ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina osiyanasiyana kumizere: makungwa osachedwa, malo owonongeka a mbewu, ming'alu yosiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, madera aliwonse omwe ali ndi malo ofupikirapo kapena autali ndi otentha, ndi abwino kuti aberekenso.
Kulera m'malo otere, ma mebubu amawononga mbewu zambiri, zonse zotseguka komanso zotetezedwa (greenhouse, greenhouse, etc.). Tikubwerezanso - kuti musabweretse mealybug patsamba lanu, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana zomwe zibzala, ndipo, moyenerera, dzalani mbewuzi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a mundawo, ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa chokhazikikacho kuti ziziwononga.
Masamba a Agave akhudzidwa ndi mealybug.
Mealybug kuvulala
Kwenikweni pamagawo onse a kakulidwe kake, mealybugs amadyetsa, komanso mwachangu, pa kuyamwa kwa mbewu, mwanjira ina ikukhudza kapena kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono, masamba achichepere, maluwa, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi - mphukira zam'mimba ndi zophuka zapachaka m'munda.
Pamaso pa mphutsi zambirimbiri pamtengo umodzi wazipatso, ntchito zawo zofunikira zimatha kuyambitsa kuti matuza achigoba ayambe kusweka, zilonda zidzapangika, ndipo ngakhale masamba achikasu azitulutsa masamba, omwe pambuyo pake amakula pang'ono ndikupangitsa masamba kutembenukira chikasu.
Mwachilengedwe, ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya mealybug siyingawonongeke: mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi iyo zimataya kukongola kwake, ndizolepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko, kusiya kuyimika kapena mwina kupezeka paliponse, komanso kupangidwa kwa zipatso, ndipo, kuphatikiza, mbewuzo zikasiyidwa, sizingawonongeke.
Nyongolotsi zimadya zambiri kuposa zomwe zimafunikira. Zakudya zonse zakudya zomwe adadya popanda muyeso, amatuluka, akuyenda okha, ngati mame. Bowa wa sooty amakhala pansi mwachangu pamituyi ndikuyamba kukhazikika pamenepo. Zotsatira zake, pamwamba pa mbewu pomwe bowa wa sooty adakhazikika, imayamba kuda ndipo imayamba kuda. Kodi izi zikuwopseza bwanji mbewu, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino: Pali kuchepa kwakukulu ndikulepheretsa kwa mawonekedwe azithunzi zomwe zimachitika m'mera, kupuma kwawo kumakulirakulira.
Koma izi sizokhazokha, mealybug amatulutsa mame okoma a uchi, ndipo nyerere, komanso chotsekemera cha nsabwe za m'masamba, zimathamangira kuzungulira kuzungulira nyerere ndikuyima motsutsana ndi tizilombo tomwe timadya tomwe timatha kudya kachilombo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyerere zimakoka mazira a mealybugs kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina kuti zisawonongeke.
Inde, mealybug amakonda kwambiri mitundu yonse yokongoletsa bwino, makamaka yopanda michere yambiri, ndiye kuti, yoletsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, yofooka, yokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ali pamalo otseguka kapena otetezedwa (greenhouse, hotbed, etc.). Komabe, m'munda wamba, tizilombo nthawi zina zimakhala ponseponse.
Nyerere ndi zoteteza mealybugs.
Njira zodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi mealybug
Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna mealybug kuti asalowe patsamba lanu musanagule mbewu yocheperako, ipende mosamala ngati ili ndi mawanga owawa. Komanso, mtengo ukatha kugula, mbewuyo iyenera kukhala kwaokha, ndiye kuti, ikani penapake patali ndikuyisunga. Nthawi zambiri, ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kachilomboka, ndiye kuti abuluzi wa tizilombo atha kuoneka pafupi nayo, amasuntha mozungulira malowo ndikuyang'anitsitsa masamba ndi masamba.
Mwa zina zothandiza kuposa kuyesa kosavuta, njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizanso kukonza kwa kusamba kwakanthawi (kuthirira ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 30) ndikuwotcha ndi madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 50 m'munda wowonjezera kutentha.
Mwachilengedwe, sitiyenera kuiwala za kuchotsa kwa zouma ndi zowonongeka zazomera pazifukwa zina. Ngati mukumva mbewu zomwe zimangowonongeka ndi mealybug, ndiye kuti mutha kuzichotsa ndi ma tweezers wamba kapena kuzikuta pachidebe chilichonse ndi burashi wolimba. Zomera, zomwe mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi wandiweyani wa khungu, komabe, osaphimbira phula, ziyenera kuthandizidwa motere: burashi lomwe limanyowa kale palafini, kuviika mu mowa kapena sopo yankho masekondi angapo ndikupukuta mbali zonse zobiriwira za chomera ndi burashiyi.
Njira yachiwiri yolimbana ndi mealybug ndi chiwonongeko cha anthill chomwe chili pamenepo. Mapiri a nyerere amatha kuwonongeka m'njira zitatu - kuwathira ndi madzi otentha, omwe samapezeka konse, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe, mwa zinthu zina, amathanso kuvulaza chilengedwe, ndikungotenga nyerere zonse mu thumba laku pulasitiki ndikulowetsa kutali ndi malowa. Mumasulireni kumeneko (njira yabwino kwambiri).
Misampha yazomata wamba imathandiza kuthana ndi mealybug. Poganizira zamtundu wamphongo zamphongo zazimuna kuti ziziwala ndikuwala usiku, zonse zofunika kuchita ndikukonza zomata pafupi ndi gwero lounikira ndikusiya usiku wonse. Amuna amamatira kumizeremizereyi, muyenera kungosinthitsa ma strip awa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Zithandizo za mankhwala a folks zothandizira mealybug
Tinakambirana za mankhwala ena otchuka, ndipo tidzatchulanso ena owerengeka. Mwachitsanzo, yankho la sopo yochapa ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera mealybug. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wa antibacterial mwina, g, kapena theka la sopo ochapira ndikuthira madzi onse mu lita imodzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuloledwa kupaka tsiku limodzi, kenako ndikuwuthira kawiri ndikuwathandiza mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mealybug, ndikutheka kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 8-9.
Njira ina yothira mankhwala achilengedwe: muyenera kumwa ma 150 g owuma mahatchi owira ndi kutsanulira 1.5 malita a madzi otentha, kenako ubweretseni ku kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo, popanda kuchepetsera, mutha kuyamba kuchiza matenda omwe akhudzidwa.
Njira yabwino ndi chisakanizo cha lita imodzi yamadzi ndi supuni zingapo za mafuta a azitona, mutha kuthira mbewu mwachindunji ndi yankho.
Omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi amalankhula bwino za izi: ndikofunikira kutenga suluku ya sopo, kupera sopo pafupifupi 10 g pa grater, kenako ndikuthira ndi madzi ochepa (malita 0,5) otenthetsedwa kutentha kwa chipinda, sakanizani bwino ndikuwonjezera zochuluka madzi kuti mupeze lita imodzi yothetsera komanso kutentha. Imakhalabe yowonjezera 20 ml ya mowa kapena, chabwino, vodika ndikusakaniza zonse bwinobwino.
Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, muyenera kuphimba dothi ndi chovala chosakhala nsalu kuti yankho lisalowe dothi. Chithandizo cha mbewu chimatha kuchitika tsiku lililonse, ndipo ndibwino kuthirira mbewu pomakonkha ndikangochotsa zinthu zosavalazo. Mankhwalawa pazokwera kwambiri amatha kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata.
Ndipo njira ina yachangu komanso yabwino yothanirana ndi mealybug: muyenera kutenga malaya asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri a adyo achichepere otentha ndikudula bwino kapena kuwaza, ndiye kutsanulira zamkati mu malita 0,5 a madzi otentha ndikulowetsa mu chotengera chotsekedwa kwa maola 3-5 . Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, kulowetsedwa kumayenera kusefedwa kudzera mu gauze ndipo mutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mbewu zomwe zimayambukiridwa ndi mealybug.
Kubzala mofunda ndi njira yabwino yopewera mealybug.
Timalimbana ndi mealybug mothandizidwa ndi chemistry
Ngati kuletsa wowerengeka azitsamba sikungakuthandizeni, ndiye kuti mutha kutenga umagwirira, mwanjira ina, palibe njira ina. Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumatha kuwonedwa panthawi yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili akadali aang'ono kwambiri, thupi lawo lisakutidwa ndi sera yoteteza.
Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizophweka: nthawi yomweyo, pamtengo womwewo, mutha kuwona ma mebubugs osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana akukulira. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kamodzi, koma katatu kapena kanayi pakadutsa milungu ingapo, kapena masiku khumi, ngati matendawa ali oopsa kwambiri.
Musanagwiritse ntchito umagwirira, onaninso mbewuzo: mwachitsanzo, ngati pali madera ochepa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuzichotsa ndikudula mphukira zokhala ndi lumo limodzi ndi madera omwe kapena ndikuwatsuka ndi burashi wameno wokhala ndi dense villi, koma ngati pali madera ambiri, ndiye kuti sangatero chotsani.
Amadziwika kuti pali ana ndipo amakula akapeza mtembo wa wamkazi mealybug, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo ikhoza kukhala kwinakwake pafupi. Kubadwa kwa mealybug kumakhala kogwira kwambiri maola 25-30 oyambirira, ino ndi nthawi yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ntchito yolumikizana, koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni.
Tizilombo tambiri timene timamera ndi chotetezera cha sera, nthawi ino timadyetsa mwachangu ndipo zimavuta kuzimasulira. Pankhaniyi, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amalowerera ndendende m'gulu la ana, mwachitsanzo, Fufanon, Doctor, Novaktion, Kemifos, Tagore, Danadim, Katswiri ndi ena. Kuti muchite bwino, sitipangira mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, ndibwino kuzisintha chaka chilichonse.
Ndizo zonse zomwe tikufuna kukuwuzani za mealybug m'mundamo. Ngati muli ndi njira yanu yothanirana ndi tizilombo, tili okondwa ngati mutagawana nawo ndemanga zomwe zili munkhaniyi.
