Momwe mungapangire mitengo yamkati?

Kudulira mbewu zamkati ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika posamalira. Ndipo wamkulu kwambiri. Pali mbewu zakunja zomwe sizinakonzedwe nkomwe, pomwe zina zimafuna kumetedwa nthawi zonse. Musanayambe kubzala imabweretsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Itha kuchepetsedwa ndikuchotsa ziwalo zowuma kapena zowonongeka, ndipo zimatha kukhala maziko a mawonekedwe okongola, kumapangitsa maluwa kapena kukonzanso kokongola kwambiri. Ndikosatheka kupitiliza kukula kwamtundu umodzi komanso mbewu zamkaka popanda kudulira. Ndipo ngakhale mulibe kanthu kovuta mu, simuyenera kuyiwala zaomwe mukuchita, ndikutsatira miyambo ndi malamulo wamba.

Mitundu yodulira mbewu zamkati

Kudulira kumawonedwa ngati chosankha m'nyumba yosamalira bwino chomera. Sikuti zikhalidwe zonse zimafuna kumetedwa tsitsi, koma pafupifupi palibe mbewu zomwe zingathe kudulira popanda ukhondo. Timayamika kudulira kuti zimasamalira bwino chomera, kukonza, kukongoletsa, kusunga bwino pakati pa mizu ndi mbali ya m'mlengalenga zomwe zimakhala zochepa. Kubwezeretsa, kusinthitsa, kuyang'anira, kuletsa mbewu, kudulira mbewu zamkati kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwonetsa kukongola kwawo.

Kutengera ndi ntchito yomwe ikuchitika motere, mitundu ingapo ya kudulira kwa mbewu zamkati imasiyanitsidwa:

1. Kutsuka, kapena kudulira mwaukhondo.
2. Kutsina ndi kufupikitsa mphukira, kuphukira.
3. Mapangidwe a Korona.
4. Kukalamba okalamba.

Zomera limodzi zimangofunika kudulira mtundu umodzi, inayo - zonse zinayi. Kuwayendetsa nthawi imodzi sikofunikira, koma ndikosavuta kuchita chilichonse chofunikira.

Malamulo odulira nyumba

Mosasamala mtundu wa kudulira, ziyenera kuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwona zokonda zam'nyumba zam'munda ndi malingaliro pa kutengulira mbewu. Pali mbewu zomwe sizingathe kuleka kudula kwapamwamba kwa nthambi, koma pali mbewu zomwe sizimawopa ngakhale tsitsi lambiri. Kuphatikiza pakuphunzira zambiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mbewuyo yomwe. Kuwunikira mosamala za momwe zinthu zilili, kugawidwa kwa mphukira zosabala kapena zowonongeka, kuphunzira momwe mbewuyo imapangira, kuthandizira kusankha kudulira koyenera kwa chomera chilichonse.

Nthawi zonse, kusasinthika pamikwingwirima ndi chinsinsi chachikulu chofotokozera zinthu izi. Ngati simudikira mpaka pakhale kufunika kwa zipsera, kupewa kuchulukana, makonde, kuwongolera zokongoletsa, komanso kusamalira ziweto mosawoneka bwino, kufunika kowononga nthawi komanso zopweteketsa mtima kudzatha. Kuyeretsa mwaukhondo kumachitika mobwerezabwereza pachaka, kumayambiriro kwa gawo la ntchito yolimba, kubwereza zomwe zikufunika pachaka chonse ndikusunga choyera. Kusintha kumachitika kamodzi pachaka kapena pafupipafupi kwa iwo amene akufuna kumeta. Kukonzanso kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuyeretsa mwaukhondo ndi kuwumba, kumachitika pafupipafupi kapena mwachangu.

Mukamachita kudulira kwamtundu uliwonse, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo apadera, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi kudulira mbewu zam'munda. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuchita zonse zofunikira popewa zovuta za thanzi.

Malamulo akuluakulu okonza mbewu zamkati:

1. Gwirani ntchito ndi zida zakuthwa komanso zosankhidwa bwino pantchitoyi. Kudulira kale kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zisavute, ndipo kuzikulitsa sizothandiza.

2. Zaukhondo Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mbewu zamkati, muyenera kutsatira malamulo aukhondo wamba. Manja oyeretsa, zida ndi mawonekedwe ake, chisamaliro chovomerezeka ndi kupezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida ndizofunikira pokonza zosachepera momwe muliri. Chisamaliro chofunikira chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu zabwino komanso zomerazi zomwe zimakhala za poizoni. Ndikofunikira kuteteza pakudulira osati mbewu zokha, komanso malo omwe ntchitoyi imagwiridwa, komanso khungu.

3. Ndikwabwino kuti musangokhala ndikusintha nthawi imodzi. Malangizo a mbewu zamkati zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwothira. Koma kuzichita nthawi imodzi ndikosatheka. Kudula kumachitika musanayambe kapena mutasintha gawo lapansi, ndikusiya pakati pa njira nthawi yokwanira yosinthira. Iliyonse ya njirazi imayipitsa mbewu. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chowalimbikitsira (komanso chiopsezo chodetsedwa cha mabala ndi dothi).

4. Magawo ayenera kukhala olondola. Kupanga magawo okha pakona ndipo pamwamba pa impso sikungakuthandizeni kulakwitsa kukonza mbewu zamkati. Mphukira imadulidwa kwambiri mpaka pansi, mpaka pamtunda kapena mpaka pakaphatikizika ndi thunthu. Kudulira pang'ono pang'ono kumachitika, ndikusiya kuwombera kwa 3-7 mm pamwamba pa impso. Ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe impso ikuwongolera: malo ake amakulolani "kuwongolera" kukulitsa korona molunjika kapena mowongoka. Zofunikira zimasungidwa, malinga ndi zomwe, zamkati zam'mimba, kudula kumachitika m'njira kuti mphukira zatsopano zimakulira kunja, osati mkati korona, ndikuti kudula kumayendetsedwa kuchokera ku impso.

5. Mawu ofunikira pokonza mbewu zamkati ndiwotsutsana kwambiri, chifukwa aliyense payekhapayekha, nthawi yotsatira njirayi ndi bwino kusankha payekhapayekha. Kudulira nthawi zonse kumachitika bwino kumayambiriro kwa gawo lazomera komanso nthawi yamasika. Nyengo yayitali yofunda kutsogolo imalola kuti mbewu zisinthebe ngakhale pambuyo potiudula. Koma munthu akhoza kupatuka pa lamuloli kutengera mtundu wa mbewuzo.

6. Mukadulira, muyenera kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi zotsatira zake. Ndikutchera mbewu zamkati, makamaka popanga silhouette, ndizosavuta kuyinyamula. Mwa kuyimitsa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuyang'ana mbewu zomwe zili pafupipafupi komanso kutali, mutha kuthana ndi zotsatira za changu chachikulu ndikukhala ndi zokonda zanu nthawi.

Lamulo lofunika kwambiri la kudulira ndikochiza mabala nthawi yake. Mukadina nsonga kapena ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi mphukira zopyapyala, mutha kudalira chitetezo chanu chomera. Koma ndibwino kupewetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwononga maboma aliwonse, makamaka pa mphukira zazikulu, nthawi yomweyo. Pachifukwa ichi, kukonzekera kwapadera (ma balms kapena ma ufa opaka magawo osungidwa m'minda ndi mbewu zobiriwira, ndi njira zosavuta monga ufa wophwanyidwa kapena ufa wa sulufu ndioyenera. Zilembazo zimakonzedwa mosamala, kuti zigwire dera lonse. Bwerezani ngati kuli koyenera. kuchuluka kwa madzi (mwachitsanzo, mu euphorbiaceae), asanakonzedwe, magawo amaloledwa kuti aume.

Mukadulira, chomera chimafunikira nthawi kuti chizolowere. Imayikidwa "mofatsa", nyengo yapakatikati, yotetezedwa kuti isamatenthedwe kwambiri, mpweya wouma ndi dzuwa lowongolera. Kuthirira pazomera mutadulira kumachitika mosamala, kupewa kuchulukana ndikutsatira malangizo onse amtundu wina. Kubzala feteleza kumathandizira mbewu kuti ichokere mwachangu, koma ndibwino kuyambiranso njirazi mutayamba mbewu kukulanso, pokhapokha ngati kudula sikunachitike mutadulira kapena mutangodulira kumene.

Zida zodulira mbewu zamkati

Kudulira kulikonse kumachitika ndi zida zosavuta, zoyera komanso zowala. Kwa nthambi zing'onozing'ono ndi mphukira yowutsa mudyo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa (mipeni ya m'munda imakondedwa, koma mitundu ina itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito - mwachitsanzo, mpeni wowoneka bwino ndi tsamba lake loonda), ngati kudulira kuli kovuta kwambiri - scalpel kapena tsamba. Koma nthawi zambiri kudulira kwam'nyanja zam'mimba kumachitika ndi ma langizo a manja kuti akonze maluwa ndi mbewu. Chosungira kapena chinyumba cha nyumba chimayambitsa mbewu kwambiri. Pinking (pincing) nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito zida. Koma nthawi zina ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito lumo kapena zida zapadera kuti mupange bonsai kuti muchepetse nsonga. Pokhala ndi mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi mphukira zolimba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito satifiketi lakuthwa kapena malo apadera ogwirira ntchito ndi maluwa ndi mbewu zamkati, zomwe zimasiyana mgululi poyerekeza ndi zida zam'munda.

Chotseka ndi mitengo yolumikizira - yaying'ono yosachepera yomwe imakulolani kudula nthambi zowonda komanso zamphamvu pazomera zilizonse.

Chida chilichonse chodulira chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, chinthu chachikulu ndicho ukhondo wawo komanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi. Ndizosatheka kuyesa mbewu zamkati ndi zida zopanda lakuthwa. Kufewetsa minofu, m'mphepete "ong'ambika" kumabweretsa mavuto komanso kuchiritsidwa kwa zigawo, komanso kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Pogwira ntchito ndi chomera chilichonse, zida zake sizoyenera kuyeretsedwa zokha, koma mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonetsetsa kuti zochita zanu sizikuyambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda owopsa. Njira yosavuta ndiyo mowa ndi chithandizo cha madzi otentha.

Kudulira mwaukhondo

Kudulira kwamtunduwu kumachitika kwa onse, kupatula, mbewu zamkati - ngakhale zomwe zilibe kapena zimachepetsa mphukira. Njira yosavuta yotchulira kudulira uku ndikotsuka: kuchotsa masamba onse owuma, owonongeka kapena osabereka, mumasunga thanzi komanso kusadwala kwamizere. Nthawi yomweyo, sikuti kutayika kwa zokongoletsera kumalephereka, komanso kufalikira kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kudulira mwaukhondo:

• kuchotsa kukula mkati mwa korona, kuwonda, kufooka, kukalamba, kuwonongeka kapena kuwuma mphukira;
• kuchotsedwa kwa masamba owuma kapena owonongeka;
• kuchotsedwa kwa ma peduncles ndi maluwa osokera.

Kudulira kwaukhondo kulibe malamulo okhwima. Mphukira zonse zowuma kapena zowonongeka zimachotsedwa pamunsi, ndipo ngati zowonongeka sizikhudza masamba ambiri - kuti zimakhala ndi thanzi. Nthambi zowonda, zosabereka zimadulidwa kwathunthu. Masamba owonongeka kwambiri amachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndikuwuma m'mphepete - kudulidwa, ndikusiya kamtambo kowonda pafupi ndi malo athanzi. Maluwa ozimiririka ndi inflorescence amadulidwa tsamba loyamba lonse kapena kumunsi kwa peduncle.

Amayeretsa mbeu pakatha nyengo yotsika, kumayambiriro kwa mbewu yogwira ntchito, kubwereza njirayi pang'ono komanso munthawi yomwe nyengayo ikufunika, nthawi ya maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, nthawi yomwe masamba akuponya masamba otuluka, zina.

Kudulira kwaukhondo kumathandizidwadi ndikuchotsa mbali zoyipitsidwa pamtunda, kuphatikiza kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi zinyalala za mbewu. Ngati dothi lakumalo lodetsedwa kwambiri, ndibwino kumaliza kudulira mwaukhondo pang'onopang'ono ndikukhazikitsa gawo laulere pamwambapa ndi dothi loyera.

Forceps (kutsina)

Kuletsa chepetsa ndiye kosavuta. Kuchepetsa misomali (mawu ofanana ndi tweezing amatchuka nawonso) ndikufupikitsa ndi njira zomwe zimachitika munthaka yonse yogwira ntchito kuti tipewe kuchulukana kwa nthambi, kuti tikulitse kukula kwa nthambi zamtsogolo kapena kusintha maluwa. M'malo mwake, mawu onsewa ndi ophatikiza ndipo tikukamba za njira yosavuta kwambiri - kuchotsa pamwamba pa mphukira kapena masamba owonjezera. Izi ndi mitengo yaying'ono, njira zosavuta kwambiri zopangira komanso zokhala ndi mbeu.

Kukanikiza pakati, kapena kufinya, kumakhudzanso kuchotsedwa kwa malo okula apamwamba, masamba awiri apamwamba kapena gawo lapamwamba la zimayambira za cacti ndi othandizira. Chifukwa chake, kudzipatula utamasulira kwa magawo 1-2 a tsinde lirilonse la Schlumbergera mu nyengo yotsatira amalola kuti pakhale maluwa ochulukirapo, ndikudina nsonga za mbewu zazing'ono kuti muthe zitsamba zokulirapo. Macheka amatulutsidwa makamaka kuchokera kuma maluwa akuluakulu. Mphukira zowonjezereka, zopangidwa mwambiri, zimakulitsa mtundu wa maluwa amodzi, chifukwa chake kuchotsedwa kwazithunzi kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukwaniritse zowoneka bwino kwambiri.

Ma Tweezers ali ndi ntchito zingapo:

1. Pochotsa kukula kwodziwoneka bwino, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphukira zatsopano komanso zophukira.
2. Njira yosavuta yomwe sikutanthauza kuvulaza mphukira ndi chidziwitso chapadera, imitsani korona.
3. Chomera sichiloledwa kutambasula, chimapangitsa kukula m'mbali zonse.

Kufupikitsika kwa mphukira kwinakwake kosiyana ndi kupindika. Poterepa, sikuti impso yoyenda yokha imachotsedwa, komanso zochulukirapo kapena zowonjezereka zomwe zili kumtunda kwa mphukira. Pochotsa nthambi zitatu kapena theka kutalika kwa nthambizo, mbewuyo sikuloledwa kutambasula, kukulitsa nthawi yake ndikukula. Kufupikitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamipesa yamkati.

Kudulira mwamphepo zamkati zam'nyanja

Mapangidwe a korona - njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitengo yamkati, tchire ndi zipatso zamtchire, zomwe, mwa kudulira koyenera, zitha kuperekedwanso kwambiri kapena kuwuma kwambiri. Kupangitsa kukulitsa ndi kusunga kukula kwakukuru, kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino kapena kukhazikitsa kalembedwe - izi ndi cholinga chokhacho kudziwa.

Kudulira mwanjira kumapangidwa kuti muchite ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi:

• zolimbikitsa kukula kwa ofananira nawo ndi mphukira zazing'ono;
• maluwa kukondoweza;
• kupewa kufalikira, mapangidwe a tsamba lalitali, lotsika, nthambi zosafunikira;
• mawonekedwe a korona, kusunga mawonekedwe ake ndi kukopa kwake;
• mapangidwe opanga a silhouette okhazikika - ozungulira, piramidi, mawonekedwe ambulera, maluwa, etc;
• kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbewu zazikulu;
• kusungira ma contour kapena mawonekedwe;
• kukula kwa masamba.

Njira zonsezi zimakuthandizani kuti musunge kukongola kwa mbewu zamkati ndikupangitsa kuti zizikhala zokongola, zogwirizana ndi kalembedwe kazinthu zamkati ndi zokonda za eni.

Kudulira kokhazikika kumachitika kawirikawiri kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe zizindikilo zoyambirira za mbewu zikuwoneka, kapena kumapeto kwenikweni kwa gawo. Zomera zamaluwa, kudulira kumathanso kuchitika maluwa atamaliza, kuchotsa mbali zonse zomwe zidasalala ndikupanga mtundu wofunikira ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zomwe zitheke kwambiri chaka chamawa. Koma nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'ana pa maluwa:

• kwa mbewu zomwe zimaphukira pachaka mphukira, kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwamphamvu;
• Zomera zitaphukira chaka chatha sizipanga, kuchotsera mbali zoyambira zokha;
• Zomera zokhazokha amazidulira mutamasulidwa ndi maluwa pafupipafupi.

Pakapangidwe kalikonse, pamakhala kachitidwe kovomerezeka - kuchotsera mphukira zochulukirapo, zopindika komanso zosabereka, kapena kuyeretsa kwathunthu. Ndikofunika kuyambitsa kubzala nayo. Pochotsa zonse zopanda pake zokha, amayamba kudzipanga okha.

Mbiri yodalirika yopanga kudulira ndiyo kuyesa kufanana. Kukula kwa mtengowo komanso kupatuka kosiyanasiyana kumayenderana malo omwe akuwonetsa madera omwe amafunikira kudulidwa. Mukapanga mawonekedwe okhwima, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito template yapadera kapena chimango, chomwe chimayikidwa kumera, kudula chilichonse chosafunikira. Koma kuyang'ana kukulira kwa yunifolomu komanso kudziwa kufanana kwake kudzakuthandizani kuti muchepetse ngakhale popanda template.

Kupanga kudulira kumakhala kopepuka kapena kolimba. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika, kumayang'ana miyeso kapena masamba oyenera. Mutha kudulira mphukira zamkati zam'mimba mpaka 2/3 za kutalika kwake, koma nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi masamba, kukula kwa kukula, kulolerana kudulira mbewu. Kusiya masamba ochepera 2 pamitengo sikofunikira.

Kukonzanso nyumba zamkati

Zochita zotsutsa ukalamba, mosiyana ndi kapangidwe kazomera, ndizolinga zakukonzanso korona, kuthamangitsa kukula ndi kubwezeretsa kukongoletsa.Zimapangidwa pamera mbewu zachikale kapena zachikulire, mbewu zamkati zomwe zimakonda kutambasula, kugwetsa masamba, kutaya "mawonekedwe" ndi kukula kwake. Zimafunikira kupangidwanso komanso mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosakwanira pokonza kapena kusamalira. Popanda kukonzanso, zitsamba zamkati ndi mitengo, monga maluwa ndi ma hydrangeas, sizisangalatsa kukongola kwawo kwazaka zambiri. Koma ngakhale zikhalidwe zapamwamba zamkati monga pelargonium ndi fuchsia zopangitsanso kudulira zimathandiza kuti zizikhala zokhazokha.

Nthawi yodulira kuthana ndi kukalamba zimadalira zaka komanso chomeracho. Nthawi yoyenera ndi masika kapena maluwa atamasulidwa. Koma mulimonsemo, ndibwino kuti musinthidwe nthawi yogwira ntchito, chifukwa kudulira kwamakadinala mu nthawi yopuma, mbewu zamkati sizingakhalenso bwino.

Zidole za kukalamba ndi:

1. Nthawi zonse. Ndi kuchotsedwa kosalekeza kwa mphukira zakale, kukonzanso kosaletseka kwa korona kumalimbikitsidwa, vuto la kutaya zokongoletsa pakapita nthawi limaletsedwa. Chifukwa chokonzanso nthawi zonse, mbewu zamkati zimapitiliza kukongoletsa mosasamala, palibe chifukwa chogulira mosadukiza ndipo palibe chowopseza kuti mbewu itayika.

2. Kadinala. Amatengedwa ndi mbewu zakunyumba zomwe zidasokonekera kukongoletsa, ndi za m'badwo wolemekezeka kapena pazomera zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda komanso chisamaliro chosayenera (makamaka nyengo yachisanu kapena yozizira kwambiri. Kudulira mwamphamvu mphukira zonse kapena kudula mbali zina za chomera kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano komanso kukonzanso korona kwathunthu. Kubwezeretsa chonde pambuyo pochedwa kudulira nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yambiri, kumakhala kutaya chidwi chake ndipo kumatha kusangalatsa mawonekedwe ake pokhapokha nthawi yayitali. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kugawa kubwerezabwereza m'njira zingapo m'malo mochita mosinthasintha.

Kudulira pafupipafupi kumaphatikizapo kufupikitsa mphukira zakale mpaka masamba a 3-5 ndikudula nthambi zakale kwambiri, zomwe zitha kusintha mphukira zatsopano, pansi kapena stumps zazifupi. Kudulira kwamakadinala kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri, mphukira zaudzu zimadulidwa kufikira mulingo wa dothi, tsinde lalikulu kapena kupindika pang'ono. Mukamapangira kudulira kokalamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe mbewu imayambira komanso momwe ikukula. Mu zikhalidwe zina zomwe zimatha kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano kuchokera ku masamba ogona ndikupereka mphukira mizu, simungachite mantha ngakhale kutsitsa chitsa. Zomera zomwe zimapanga thunthu, kapena zimakula pang'onopang'ono, kudulira kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kuimfa. Koma pakukula msanga komanso kukonzekera kubzala mbewu, kuphatikizanso kudzachitika, ngakhale masamba atatu okha atangotsalira pa mphukira.

Mtundu wosiyana wa kudulira kukalamba umatengedwa ngati kuwongolera tsitsi pazomera zamkati zomwe zakhala zikuvutika ndi nyengo yachisanu. Kukula, kutaya masamba, kutambasula, komwe eni mbewu omwe amakonda nyengo yozizira amakumana nawo, ndizofala kwambiri. Kupatula apo, nyengo za nyumba zamatauni ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha kofunikira kwambiri. Kukonzanso kotereku kumachitika mochulukirapo. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikubwezeretsa chomera choponderezedwacho ndikuwonjezera kukonzanso korona. Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yachisanu ikapanda kuchita bwino, kudulira kwaukhondo kumachitika, ndipo nthambi zotsalazo zimadulidwa, ndikusiya masamba asanu ndi amodzi pamiyezo, ndikufupikitsa masamba ochepa okha.