Zinali kuti ngati nematode ayamba kutsamba, ndiye kuti mutha kuyigwetsa, kugulitsa, kumanga nyumba kapena kuyika msewu pamalopo. Anthu sanadziwe momwe angathere nematode, ndipo adadikirira zaka zakumwalira kwake ndi njala asanadzadze malo omwe kale anali ndi matode. Ndikosavuta kuyambitsa nematode ndipo palibe chifukwa chofotokozera mitundu yonse ya njira: mwachitsanzo, ndikokwanira kugula rose ndi clod lapansi, ndipo nematode ili kale patsamba lanu, nthawi. Koma momwe mungachitire ndi izi? Tidzakambirana pankhaniyi.
Nematode pamizu ya nkhaka.
Biatode biat
Nematode ali, malinga ndi magulu ena, maanzake achilendo, ndipo malinga ndi ena - mphutsi zam'mimba. Mitundu ya zolengedwa zafotokozedwa kupitilira mamiliyoni makumi ambiri, komabe, ndizowonjezereka. Mitundu yochulukirapo ya nematode ndi majeremusi azomera zosiyanasiyana, imatha kukhalanso mwamtendere mu nyama za nsomba, anthu ndi nyama. Ma Nematode ndi zolengedwa zopanda vuto lililonse mwa anthu, nyama ndi zomera, zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kutalika kwa thupi la nematode kumatha kusiyanasiyana (kuchokera ma ma virus 80 mpaka mamitala angapo, tikakumbukira mitundu ina ya majeremusi). Ma Nematode ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a fusiform, omwe amachepetsedwa kumapeto. Thupi ndi lozungulira mainchesi.
Apa tikambirana za nematodes parasitizing pazomera, ndipo potengera sayansi yamakono, tiyesayesa kulimbana nawo kwambiri kuti mu nyengo yotsatira mutatha kutenga kachilomboka, china chake chingabzalidwe kapena kubzala.
Tiyeni tiyambire ndi mitundu ya nematode yomwe imakwiyitsa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa kuti tsamba lanu limayambukiridwa ndi nematode; pali zisonyezo zochepa zomwe zachitika. Mwachitsanzo, mukuwona kuti mbande zimachedwa kukula kapena kuti palibe kukula ndi kukula kwa mbande, kapena maluwa ali ofooka, kapena kufa kwa mbewu ali aang'ono ndikofunikira, kapena mbewu ikamwalira.
Zonsezi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha nematode kapena chizindikiro cha matenda ena kapena tizirombo. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbeu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndizovuta kuchepa kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena gulu la zinthu m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, ngati chithunzi chomwechi chawonedwa chaka chamawa, tikukulangizani kuti mutenge dothi pokumba fosholo m'thumba ndikupita nalo ku labotale, akakuwuzani ngati ndi nematode kapena china chilichonse, apo ayi muzichitira izi , kenako kuchokera kwina, osapeza zotsatira zoyenera ndikungochulukitsa mdani woipitsitsa.
Nematode pansi pa maikulosikopu.
Kuopsa kwa nematode ndi chiyani?
Mu nthawi ya moyo wake wogwira, umalowa m'mizu kapena unyinji wamasamba, kuphwanya umphumphu wa mbewu, kuyambitsa zowola, matenda a mizu ndi michere yambiri ndi ma virus, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, mabakiteriya.
Ndikotheka kumvetsetsa kuti nematode inagunda mizu, ngati chomera chomwe chinayamba kuchepa thupi chinachotsedwa mu dothi kwathunthu ndikuwunikira bwino mizu yake. Mukadwala ndi nematode, mutha kuwona nthambi zambiri pamizu, ngati kuti mbewuyo idayesetsa kupeza njira yodutsamo, kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mizu yaying'ono kwambiri imawoneka yowola. Kuphatikiza apo, pamizu, ngati si nthangala, mutha kuwona ma gatch, awa ndi masango a nematode, cysts ndi mazira, komanso akuthwa ndi kutupa, zilonda zamitundu mitundu - zonsezi ndizowopsa pamizu, komanso kwa chomera chonse.
Zambiri za mizu nematode
Chifukwa chake, muzu wa nematode ndiye kuti ndi nyongolotsi yoipa yomwe ili pagulu lalikulu la nyongolotsi zam'magazi komanso gulu la nematode lomwe limapanga mipiringidzo pamizu ya mbewu, yofanana ndi ya ma nyemba (mabakiteriya okha ndi ma nodule omwe mulibe mu ma gasket amenewa, ndipo zazikazi zokhazikitsidwa ndi mazira).
Amuna a muzu nematode ali mu mawonekedwe a nyongolotsi mpaka mamilimita awiri kutalika, zazikazi zimatupa kwambiri (mipata) kapena zofanana ndi makapisozi a mazira, theka kutalika.
Dothi lodetsedwa ndi mitundu yambiri modabwitsa: imadziwika kuti imatha kuthana ndi mizu yazomera zopitilira zikwi ziwiri. Zachidziwikire, gululi limaphatikizapo mbewu zamasamba zobzalidwa, mbewu zamtengo wapatali zamakampani osiyanasiyana, komanso zokongoletsera, zitsamba, zitsamba komanso mitengo.
Zimadutsa kukula kwathunthu ku chiwalo chogwira ntchito molingana ndi kutentha kwa dothi mkati mwa masiku 20-50 (ndikatentha, chitukuko chimadutsa, monga lamulo, mwachangu). Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nematode wachikazi nthawi yonse ya moyo wake amatha kuyikira mazira ambiri - mpaka zikwi ziwiri, ndipo malinga ndi zambiri zaposachedwa - ndi zina zambiri.
Mu dzira lirilonse, nematode mphutsi zoyambirira zimayamba kukhala pamtunda, kenako, ndipo, chifukwa chogwirizanitsa malekezero, nthawi yomweyo zimalowa muzu wa chomera chapafupi, ndikuyamba kudya kwambiri madzi a chikhalidwe ichi. Amatha kukhala wamkazi wosasunthika, womwe pambuyo pake umayikira mazira ambiri, kapena wamwamuna, yemwe amatha kusuntha momasuka, kufunafuna mkazi kuti aberekane.
Nematode imakula ndikukula kwambiri mwachangu ndi chinyezi cha dothi labwino (pafupifupi 70-75%) ndi kutentha kuchokera +22 mpaka + 28 ° ะก. Ponena za acid-base balance, amakonda nthaka pang'ono acidic, koma osati zamchere.
Muzu nematode mu tomato.
Tsinde ndi masamba nematode
Kuphatikiza pa dothi la nematodes, pali masamba ndi tsinde. Nthawi zambiri, zimapangitsa kuti makulidwewo azikhala olimba, pomwe masamba amatha kukhazikika bwino bwino kapena mawonekedwe, kapena pali kusintha kwamasamba masamba ambiri osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, umboni wolondola wopezeka wa nematode pamasamba ndi mawanga owuma a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe alibe mawonekedwe kulikonse. Nthawi zambiri, masamba a matuwa amatenga kachilomboka: manyowa agalu, chrysanthemum ndi nephrolepsis. Tsinde nematode silimakonda kudya mbewu zamasamba, mwachitsanzo, adyo, anyezi, parsley, parsnips, radishes, tomato ndi nkhaka.
Ganizirani mitundu ya nematode pazomera zofunika kwambiri, ndipo woyamba pamndandandawu ndi mapa beets
Beetroot nematode
Ndizosangalatsa kuti kukhalapo kwa nematode pa beets sikunadziwike mwazifukwa zina chifukwa chake matendawa amatchedwa kufooka: akuti, akamakula komweko, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza sikunathandize kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Koma kenaka aliyense adazindikira kuti nematode imawonekeranso pa beets, ndipo ndiyofala kwambiri.
Kuti mumvetsetse kuti kachilomboka kachilombo ka nematode, ndikosavuta, chifukwa poyambira mutha kuwona masamba ake ooneka bwino, ndipo mukatulutsa chomera choterocho, mutha kuwona muzu wazomera womwe umatheka ndi theka (kapena pang'ono), womwe umatha kutayidwa, chifukwa sichitha kubwezerezedwanso. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za muzu zitha kukhala zathunthu, koma zimatayika kwambiri kangapo, osasungidwa konse, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso. Kuchokera m'nthaka yomwe ili ndi matenda a nematode, mutha kutenga zosaposa theka la beet muzu wopanda zipatso zawo zochuluka
Mbatata Nematod
Mtengo wina womwe umakonda kwambiri nematode ndi mbatata. Ndikosavuta kupatsira tsamba lanu zachisawawa, ndikokwanira kungogula mbewu m'malo osavomerezeka ndipo mutha kuziphetsa kwa zaka zambiri (kapena kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito umagwirira mwankhanza). Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale mutadula tuber wogula, simungathe kuzindikira kuti mphutsi zobisamo mbatata konse, ndipo zitayikidwa m'nthaka zimatuluka ngati nyongolotsi.
Mbatata nematode ndi chingwe chozungulira chofika mamilimita kutalika, komwe kumatha kufalitsa mizu ndi mizu ya mbatata. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimasunthira ku tuber kuchokera kumizu ngati dothi silili bwino m'thupi ndipo mizu yake ndi yochepa thupi.
Njira yofunikira ya mbatata nematode ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Nyongolotsi zikasiya thumba, zazikazi zimalumikizana kumapeto kwa muzu ndikudikirira yamphongo, ndipo yamphongo posaka zazikazi imatha kuyenda m'mizu ya mbatata, ndikuwononga mbewuyo, ndipo ikapeza mkazi, imafa pambuyo pa umuna. Zitatha izi, mkaziyo amafa nawonso, amasintha kukhala coco cyst, momwe anthu masauzande ambiri omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a mazira, mwachilengedwe amakhalabe m'nthaka atakumba mbatata.
Kasupe wotsatira, mbatata zitabzidwa m'malo ano, ma cysts amaphulika, mphutsi zimatuluka ndipo chilichonse chimabwerezanso.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti nematode imalepheretsa kwambiri kukula kwa mbatata, mbewuyo imagwa kwambiri, ndipo ngati dothi silili bwino, ndiye kuti nematode samatenga chakudya kuchokera kumizu ya mbewuzo, ndipo mumabowo simungapeze zoposa tubers zing'onozing'ono.
Kunja, mutha kuwona kuti mbewuzo zakulira kutali kwambiri kuchokera kwa anzawo, nyengo yotentha imawoneka ngati yopendekera, chifukwa nematode sichimatenga chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka, ndipo ngati mungachotse mbewuyo panthaka, mutha kupezanso mizu yambiri yachilendo kwa mbatata.
Mwambiri, ndikotheka kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nematode pazomera zosiyanasiyana kwanthawi yayitali;
Mbatata nematode.
Njira zowongolera ma Nematode pamalowa
Ngati nematode mwanjira inayake afika patsamba lanu, ndiye muyenera kungomvera akatswiri, ngakhale kuti ambiri amalangiza kungodikirira zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, kusungitsa mbewuzo pansi pa nthunzi yakuda, kukumba malowo pansi pa nthawi yozizira ndi chotupa, popanda kuthyola zovala, kenako inu. mwina kuwononga nematode.
Koma ngati mukufuna kuchichotsa posachedwa, ndiye yesani kugwiritsa ntchito kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Ndiye kuti, m'dera lomwe beetodeode idazindikiridwa, musadzala beets kenanso, ndipo mukazindikira mbatata, ndiye - mbatata. Mwinanso, mwanjira imeneyi, zidzatha kuchotsa mtundu wina wa nematode mdera lake.
Kutembenuka kwa mbeu, komwe sikungathandize, njira yolemetsa imagwira ntchito, ndikutupa, komwe pakadali pano ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi tizilombo, komanso kuvulaza.
Kodi fumigation ndi chiyani?
Uku ndikuthandizira dothi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (nematode) komwe ma sampuli ndikuwunikiratu amatengedwa pasadakhale) zokhala ndi ziphe zambiri komanso ngakhale awiriawiri, nthawi zina amakhala ofunda. Mwakutero, mankhwala ophera tizilombo tokha atha kugulidwa pamsika tsopano, awa ndi Nefamos, Dimetoat kapena Vidat.
Mankhwalawa amathanso kuthandiza azilombo omwe ali ndi nematode ndikuthira dothi nawo. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa ndipo sitingangovomereza kuti tizingothira makemikolo, koma ndi bwino kuperekera nkhaniyi kwa akatswiri omwe amatha kuwongolera bwino tsambalo ndikuwononga osati mphutsi zazikulu za nematode zomwe zimafa nthawi yomweyo, komanso mphutsi zokulirapo, zomwe nthawi zina zimafuna angapo mankhwala.
Chaka chotsatira, ndibwino kuyendetsa kubzala kwa masamba patsamba lino, titero, gawo lachitatu la malowo ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa ngati nematode adakali m'nthaka.
Fotokozerani za nematode
Nematode ndi tizilombo toopsa, muyenera kusamala mukamagula mbewu, mbewu pamalo otsekedwa, ndipo mbande zokhala ndi mbali za nthaka. Zitha kukhala zokwiyitsa makamaka kwa eni mapulani ang'onoang'ono omwe amayenera kudikirira zaka kuti abzalire china chake, kapena kuwonjezera malita a chemistry kulimbana ndi matenda oyipa popanda chitsimikizo kuti kwinakwake kudalipo cyst yokhala ndi mazira angapo.
Kumbukirani kuti nematode ndichinthu chakunja komanso chokhala patokha. Simungagulitse zinthu zomwe zili ndi nematode; simungathe kuziyika zina kupita kumalo ena kuchokera ku malo omwe ali ndi nematode. Ngati mbatata zakula pamalo omwe ali ndi nematode, ndiye kuti zitha kuthandizidwa, ndipo koposa zonse, zimadyetsa ziweto za pafamu.
Ngati mudachitapo ndi nematode, fotokozani zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga mpaka nkhaniyi, mwina zingakhale zothandiza kwa ena owerenga.
