Mtundu wa Selenicereus (Selenicereus) ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la cactus (Cactaceae). Imagwirizanitsa mitundu 24 ya mbewu, mwa zomwe mumapezeka epiphytic, lapansi, komanso lithophytic. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha, komanso m'matanthwe a South ndi Central America. Mitunduyi imadziwika pakati pa ena onse chifukwa imakhala ndi timabowo tating'ono tambiri, tomwe mizu yambiri yakuuluka imachoka. Ndiwo mizu yomwe imathandizira kuti chomera chilumikizane ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana. Mphukira zake ndi zazitali kwambiri (mpaka 12 metres), koma ndizochepa thupi, choncho m'mimba mwake ndi mainchesi 3 okha.
Mtunduwu udakali wosiyana ndi ena onse chifukwa umakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Pali mitundu yomwe maluwa m'mimba mwake amatha kutalika masentimita 30, pomwe chubu ya corolla ndi yayitali kwambiri (mpaka 40 sentimita). Komanso, maluwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Kunja, ali ndi kufanana ndi maluwa amadzi. Perianth ili ndi ma loboti ambiri opapatiza (pafupifupi mafilimu) okhala ndi mtundu wakuda, pomwe mitunduyo imatha kukhala yosiyana, mwachitsanzo, yachikasu, yofiirira, yapinki kapena yofiyira. Ma lobalo amkati mwakapangidwa ndi oyera. Amatha kudzaza kwathunthu mkati mwa duwa, ndikutseguka ndikuyika kapu.
Komanso, mapangidwe a masamba ndizosangalatsa mu chomera ichi. Amakhala ngati chisa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumayambiriro amafanana ndi mpira wolimba. Monga lamulo, masiku 20 atayamba kupanga, nsonga ya chikopa ya bud imayamba kuwonekera.
Mitundu iliyonse yamakhwala, maluwa a selenicereus amatulutsa chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo ngakhale mbandakucha atuluka. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu iyi idatchedwa dzina lachiwiri "Mfumukazi yausiku".
Chisamaliro cha Selenicereus kunyumba
Mwambiri, mtengawu sukondedwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa pali malingaliro osatsimikizika kuti kuusamalira ndikovuta kwambiri. Komabe, izi siziri konse zoona.
Kupepuka
Ichi ndi chifanizo chachikulu kwambiri, komwe mphamvu yake yozungulira imasokoneza. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika pazenera lakumwera.
Njira yotentha
M'chilimwe, mmera umatha kumva kutentha kwambiri pakati penipeni pa Russia. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yopuma imawonedwa ndipo nkhomaliro imasunthidwa bwino kupita kumalo ozizira (kuchokera madigiri 15 mpaka 17).
Musaiwale kuti selenicereus imakumana ndi mavuto osintha kwambiri kutentha ndi kusanja. Ngati zachilengedwe sizili bwino pakupangika komanso kukula kwa nkhadzeyo, ndiye kuti ikhoza kutaya masamba onse omwe awonekera.
Momwe mungamwere
Kutsirira kumachitika pokhapokha gawo lalikulu la gawo lapansi louma bwino. Bay ndi yosayenera kwambiri pamtengowo, chifukwa ikhoza kupanga zowola, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa.
Madzi abwino ndi madzi osalala okhazikika bwino, omwe ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri. Ithafewetsedwa ndi acetic kapena citric acid (kukoma kwake kuyenera kukhala kosavomerezeka).
Chinyezi
Imakula ndikukula mwangwiro ndi chinyezi chanyumba chamatauni. Selenicereus safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pofuna ukhondo, zimayambira zimatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Malo oyenera azikhala ndi michere yambiri komanso madzi ndi mpweya wovomerezeka. Pobzala, osakaniza dothi losagulidwa la mankhwala opopera ndi cacti ndi oyenera. Komabe, olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuthira dothi lalikulu kwambiri kapena dongo laling'ono. Komanso, kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mizu, mutha kuthira makala ophwanyika.
Musaiwale za zotungira zabwino pansi pamphika.
Feteleza
Bokosi ili limakula mwachangu ndipo limafunikira michere yambiri. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumachitika panthawi yolimba kwambiri 2-3 nthawi pamwezi. Kwa izi, feteleza wachilengedwe chonse wa cacti amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Munthawi ya Novembala-Marichi, feteleza sangathe kuthira nthaka.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Young cacti amafunika kumuika pachaka, womwe umachitika mchaka. Zomera zazikulu zomwe zakula mwamphamvu zimatha kuziika pokhapokha ngati zingachitike mwadzidzidzi. Ngati selenicereus ikula popanda kusintha, ndiye kuti akatswiri amalangiza chaka chilichonse kuti asinthe gawo lapansi lapamwamba mumphika ndi lina. Nthawi yomweyo yeretsani zosalaza zakale mosamala mpaka mizu itawonekera.
Mukukula ndi kupanga
Zimayambira zomwe sizigwira ntchito komanso kutalika kwambiri zimatha kuchotsedwa podulira, chifukwa chomera chimatha kuwonongeka pakuwonongeka. Komabe, kupanga kudulira sikuyenera kuchitika, chifukwa sikukhudzanso kupindika ndi zinyalala zoyipa zidzatsalira. Ngati mutapanga kudulira kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye kuti izi zitha kupangitsa kuti matendawa afe.
Kuti mupange chomera, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya zomangira, mphete, makwerero, omwe adakulungidwa ndi mphukira zamtengo. Komabe, wina ayenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa zimayambira za kakhothi zimakhala zosalimba komanso zowonongeka mosavuta poyesa kuzigwada.
Njira zolerera
Itha kudalilidwa kuchokera ku njere, komanso kuchokera pakadula njira. Muzu womalizirawu mu masika mu chisakanizo chadothi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chiphuphu kapena kangaude ukhoza kukhazikika pakhomopo. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, ndiye kuti nkhomayo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oyenerera.
Pakusefukira pamizu, zowola zimatha kuoneka.
Mitundu yayikulu
Makulu akulu a maluwa osankhika (Selenicereus grandiflorus)
Ngakhale kuti maluwa amatuluka modabwitsa m'mitundu yonse yamtunduwu, amodzi mwaiwo ndiotchuka kwambiri - Selenicereus wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Ali ndi mphukira zazitali kwambiri. Kuthengo, mphukira izi nthawi zambiri zimamangiririka ndi mipira yamasewera. Mitengo ya wavy pang'ono ndiyochepa kwambiri, kotero makulidwe awo ndi masentimita 2,5 okha. Pamaso pawo, pomwe pali zidutswa 7 kapena 8, pali timinsalu tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono. Kuchokera ku areola iliyonse amakula kuchoka pa 5 mpaka 18 spines, kutalika kwake ndi 0.5-1,5 masentimita. Tsinde likamakula, misempha imeneyi imazimiririka. Maluwa a cactus awa ndi onunkhira bwino ndipo kununkhira kwawo ndikofanana ndi vanila. Duwa ndi lalikulu kwambiri, motero, m'malo otseguka, mainchesi ake ndi 30 cm. Chubu imakula mpaka masentimita 22 kutalika. Mu perianth, malo ocheperako-lanceolate akunja amawapaka utoto wonyezimira, kutalika kwake amakafika masentimita 7 mpaka 10, ndipo m'lifupi - 4.5 masentimita. Lanceolate kwambiri ndi nsonga yopapatiza, ma lobalo amkati ndi ofupikirapo pang'ono kuposa ena akunja. Kuchokera kwa iwo awiri kapena atatu osakhala owonda kwambiri amapangidwa. Pakatikati pali stamens zambiri zachikasu, kutalika kwake ndi main sentimita 5. Maluwa akamaliza, zipatso zofiirira zimapangidwa ndi dzira. Kutalika kwawo, monga lamulo, sikupitirira masentimita 8.
Chomera chimakonda maluwa. Chifukwa chake, limatha kutulutsa nyengo yonse yachilimwe, ngakhale duwa litasokonekera (limatha maola angapo mutatseguka). Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yamaluwa, nkhadze imatha kuyamba 50 masamba.
Anthony Anthony (Selenicereus anthonyanus)
Palinso mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa selenicereus, koma sunafunikebe pakati pa omwe amalima maluwa. Cactus uyu amatchedwanso "fupa la nsomba". Chomera chokwera ichi chimakhala ndi masamba, owoneka ngati masamba komanso owoneka bwino, omwe nawonso ndi otakata kwambiri (mpaka 15 sentimita). Mphukira yodula bwino kwambiri imakhala yofanana ndi pepala la oak kapena dandelion, pomwe magawo ake alibe. Mwa achichepere ocheperako, ma spikes atatu afupikitsa. Dawo la maluwa poyera ndi masentimita 20, ndipo kutalika kwa chubu ndi masentimita 12. Perianth ili ndi mtundu wachilendo wa lobes. Chifukwa chake, utoto umasintha bwino kuchoka pa utoto wofiirira kunja kukhala pinki wa mkati. Kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a ma lobes awa ali ofanana. Magawo a mkati ndi akunja pafupifupi ali ofanana. Kutalika kwawo pang'onopang'ono kumakula kuchokera pakatikati mpaka m'mbali. Pali zambiri za izo, kotero danga mkati mwa dengalo limadzaza kwathunthu. Zovala zazikasu zazifupi zachikasu sizimawoneka pansi pa pestle yayikulu-yoyera ya pinki yokhala ndi manyazi.
Hoody Selenicereus (Selenicereus hamatus)
Uwu ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma sawoneka kawirikawiri m'misonkhanitsa yamaluwa. Mphukira wobiriwira wobiriwira wamtali umafikira mita 12, ali ndi nthiti 4 kapena 5. Pa nthiti izi ndimawonekedwe opindika kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi sentimita imodzi. Kuchokera pamasamba otulutsa timiyala tating'ono (5 mm), ofanana kwambiri ndi oyera oyera achikasu. Maluwa akulu kwambiri padera ali ndi mainchesi ofanana 20 cm, mulinso ndi chubu chachitali - mpaka 40 sentimita. Ma loboti otambalala kwambiri okhala panthaka omwe ali panja ndiwowoneka obiriwira, pomwe amkatiwo ali pafupifupi mawonekedwe. Zogawana ndizolimba wina ndi mnzake, pomwe pafupifupi kutseka kwathunthu oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa cha izi, amapanga mawonekedwe ambale. Zovala zazikasu zazitali zachikasu zimasakanikirana ndi ma pistil ambiri (mpaka 18 zidutswa).
