Kabichi wokongoletsa: chithunzi, kubzala, kukula ndi chisamaliro

Mukugwa, maluwa ndi mbewu zambiri zitatha kale kukongoletsa, minda yambiri yokongoletsedwa ndi kabichi yokongoletsa. Chomera chachilendo ichi chimakopa olima m'mitundu mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi masamba. Popeza ndawonetsa kulingalira pang'ono, ndi thandizo lake mutha kukongoletsa tsamba lililonse. Kabichi yokongoletsera imadziwoneka yokha kuyambira pachiyambire yopitilira ndipo imapitilira mpaka matalala. Kukula mu mphamvu ngakhale oyambitsa wamaluwa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya kabichi yokongoletsera: zithunzi, mayina

Osati kale kwambiri, mtundu uwu wa mbewu unkawonedwa ngati chakudya ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya za ziweto. Koma maluwa okongola komanso achilendo adakopa chidwi cha botanists ndikukhala chinthu chosankhidwa. Zotsatira zake, lero m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mutha kupeza mitundu zana ya kabichi yokongoletsa ndikusankha omwe mukufuna kupanga mapangidwe.

Mitundu yazomera imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo mitundu yamasamba, kutalika kwake kupitilira masentimita 50. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi matumba akuluakulu, ngati odulidwa masamba osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Gulu lachiwiri limadziwika ndi mitu yokongola ya kabichi komanso masamba odziyanika omwe amapanga. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ziwiri- kapena zitatu.

Zosiyanasiyana za Kabichi Yokongoletserayoyenera chisamaliro chapadera:

1. "Kai ndi Gerda" - duwa lokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba olimba, okula mpaka 50 cm.
2. Lilime Lark lili ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba.
3. "Kachitali kofiira" kabichi chokongoletsera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chotalika masentimita 70, ndi masamba omwe amapezeka pamtengo wofiirira.
4. Red Bor - mbewu yotalika masentimita 80, pamitengo yake yomwe masamba ake owala owala owoneka bwino.
5. "Robin" m'mimba mwake atha kupitilira masentimita 40, ndipo kutalika - mpaka 1.5 metres. Mitundu ya pakatikati pano ya masamba ofiira omwe amakhala ndi masamba obiriwira simalimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo imalekerera kutentha pang'ono.
6. "Curly wobiriwira" kabichi yokongoletsa imatha kukhala yayitali kapena yaying'ono kukula. Masamba ake otumphukira amakhala obiriwira.
7. "Curly munda" - chomera pafupifupi masentimita 60 kutalika kwake ndi masamba ofiirira, oyera kapena ofiira. Masamba oboola omwe amapezedwa pamalo ogulitsira amapezeka pafupi ndi tsinde.
8. "Colour of the East" ndi mochedwa zosiyanasiyana kabichi chokongoletsera amene amalekerera chisanu bwino. Mtengowo uli ndi rosette yofalikira, yomwe mtundu wake wa imvi ndi wobiriwira pang'onopang'ono umasanduka wofiirira.
9. Kabichi "Green nthambi" ali ndi kutalika kosaposa masentimita 70 ndi masamba a pinki, oyera, obiriwira, ofiira kapena achikasu. Chomera chimakhala chopanda phala, chozungulira, chokhotakhota kapena china chilichonse.

Awa ndi mitundu yayikulu yokongoletsera kabichi, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi masamba owonjezera.

Zambiri za kukula kabichi yokongoletsa

Kufalikira kwa chomera chamitundu yosiyanasiyana onyamula mbewu, yomwe ingagulidwe pamsika kapena m'malo ogulitsira ena. M'chaka choyamba cha kukula masamba okongoletsa okha amapanga, ndipo mchaka chachiwiri maluwa adzapanga. Pazokongoletsa, mbewu za chaka choyamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi kukula mbande?

Kuti mutolole zochuluka, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe mbande zingabzalidwe m'dera lanu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikulitsa kabichi yotseguka pazaka zosakwana 80 masiku. Pambuyo pake kubzala kudzakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.

Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa pakukonza nthaka, komwe mbewu zimadalira. Gwiritsani analimbikitsa kusakaniza kwa mchenga ndi peat, yoyenera yoyamba kuthandizidwa ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena yothiridwa ndi madzi otentha. Dothi lokonzedwa limayikidwa mumtsuko.

Mbewu zofesedwa mu dothi lonyowa mpaka sentimita imodzi. Pofuna kuti zimere bwino komanso mwachangu, chidebechi chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba, mbande ziyenera kupatsidwa kuwunikira kokwanira, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri khumi ndi awiri.

Masamba oyambilira atangowoneka, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa m'miphika yosiyanasiyana ya peat. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, kuzichotsa pansi ndi spatula kapena supuni yapadera. Zomera zazing'ono zitha kuzilitsidwa kokha masamba a cotyledon.

Mtsogolomo, chisamaliro cha mmera chimakhala ndi kuthirira panthawi yake, ndikuwonjezera nthaka ndikamakula ndikuphatikiza kamodzi pa sabata ndi ma mineral complexes.

Potseka mbande zibzalidwe wina ndi mnzake pa mtunda wa masentimita 30.

Chisamaliro cha kabichi chokongoletsera

Kukula maluwa osazolowereka ndi nkhani yosavuta. Chisamaliro chonse chimakhala kuthirira panthaka, kudula, kuphatikiza ndi kumasula nthaka.

Zina mwazosamalira:

• kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi bwino kuchitidwa m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo;
• kukhutitsa mizu ndi mpweya - kamodzi pa sabata mutathilira kapena mvula, ndikofunikira kuti amasule dothi lozungulira chomera;
• nyengo yadzuwa, ndibwino kuthirira kabichi tsiku lililonse;
• kuti duwa lonse lileke, mabedi azikhala udzu;
• pafupifupi masiku khumi aliwonse, kabichi yokongoletsa amayenera kudyetsedwa mosakanikirana ndi ma mullein ndi feteleza wa mchere.

Mukakulitsa kabichi yokongoletsera, sikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera manyowa pansi. Povala pamwamba kwambiri, masamba amakula, koma mtundu wake udzakhala wobiriwira kwambiri ndipo potero kukongoletsa kwa mtengowo kudzachepa.

Duwa lokongoletsa zimasamutsidwa mosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, ziyenera kufufutidwa bwino ndi mtanda wapansi ndikubzala m'malo atsopano. Pambuyo pa izi, chomeracho chimayenera kukhetsedwa bwino.

Mosamala, kabichi "iphuka" kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Samawopa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa subzero. Chomera sichidzakhala chokongoletsa ngakhale nyengo yozizira ku -10C.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Nthawi yakula duwa yokongoletsera, amalima maluwa amatha kukumana ndi vuto monga tizilombo komanso makoswe. Choyambirira chimawononga mawonekedwe okongoletsa kabichi ndikudya masamba ake. Makoswe amadya mizu ya mbewu, yomwe imayambitsa kufa.

Kabichi wokondedwa kwambiri agulugufe-azungu ndi aulesi. Kuteteza motsutsana nawo, tikulimbikitsidwa:

• muziyendera masamba, ndikuchotsa tizilombo tambiri;
• kuteteza duwa, kuwaza dothi ndi singano kapena phulusa;
• ngati kabichi sadyedwa, ndiye kuti akhoza kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala apadera;
• Mutha kuthana ndi agulugufe ndi slugs pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la superphosphate;
• kuthana ndi tizirombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Lepodocide" ndi "Bitoxibacillin";
• kutha kuwononga tizirombo zobzalidwa kutali ndi kabichi katsabola, calendula kapena basil.

Nthawi zambiri duwa yokongoletsa kuyatsidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kupezeka kwawo chimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuthirira mbewu kumakhala kokhazikika, koma osachulukitsa.

Kabichi yokongoletsera ndi chomera cholimba komanso chosagwira. Popewa nthawi yake komanso chisamaliro choyenera, mavuto azovuta ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tizipezeka.

Kukongoletsa kabichi pamasamba

Zomwe mungabzala kabichi zimatengera kukula kwake, komanso malingaliro ndi zokonda za mwini wake. Kuti azikongoletsa magawo amtundu, makama amaluwa kapena njira ndizoyenera bwino mitundu sing'anga ya mbewu.

1. Mapangidwe okongola komanso ogwirizana amatha kupangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kabichi ya "Green nthambi" ndi "Curly wobiriwira", yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa zitsamba za coniferous kapena zokongoletsera zodziwika bwino.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, ma perennials ndi kabichi, mutha kupanga nyimbo zingapo zodabwitsa.
3. Kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa okongoletsera m'mabedi amaluwa mutha kupanga zokongoletsera ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
4. Mothandizidwa ndi mbewuyo, mabedi okongola otambatika ndi maluwa ofukula amapangidwa mosavuta.
5. Kukula bwino kabichi m'maluwa akuluakulu kapena pamiphika. Mu chidebe chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 10-15, mutha kubzala mbewu zitatu nthawi imodzi. Potere, kuthirira mbewu kuyenera kuchitika mwina tsiku lililonse. Ubwino wa kulima koteroko ndikuti mpaka duwa litayamba kukongoletsa, duwa la maluwa lokhalapo nawo litha kuyikidwa pambali. Ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe, adzakhala ndi malo oyenera mu maluwa kapena pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
6. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kuti mbande za kabichi ziyambe zabzalidwa pamabedi osawerengeka. Ndipo pokhapokha maluwa atakwanira kukongola kwake - kuwubzala m'malo mwa zipatso zowala pabedi lamaluwa.

Kupanga zokongoletsera kabichi chokondweretsa kukongola kwake Chaka Chatsopano chisanachitike, chitha kuzengedwa kuchokera kumunda kupita kuchipinda cha maluwa ndi mubweretse m'chipindacho. Duwa lodulidwa ndikuyika mbiya ndi madzi limatha kuyimirira mnyumbayo kwa mwezi wathunthu.

Mudaphunzira zitsanzo za zithunzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono m'maganizo anu, mutha kukongoletsa bwino dimba lanu ndi kabichi yokongoletsa. Chomera chosasinthika kwenikweni ichi chomwe chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimakondwera ndi mawonekedwe ake olemera, owala komanso osazolowereka mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Ngakhale masamba oundana, omwe amira mu chisanu, amawoneka odabwitsa.