Kwa wokhala chilimwe palibe chabwino kuposa mwayi wosangalala ndi kukongola kwamaluwa oyambira masika. Zowonadi, kwa ambiri ali oletsa kutentha, omwe nthawi yachilimwe imabwera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe wamaluwa ambiri amalima maluwa pamalo awo.
Kale kumayambiriro kwa Meyi m'makomo ambiri mutha kuwona maluwa akutuluka, akuda ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa cha mitundu ya mitundu yazomera zokongoletsera izi. Chifukwa cha izi, mlimi aliyense ali ndi mwayi wosankha maluwa amtundu uliwonse wamaluwa ake kuti azitha kufananiza mbewu zina, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongola. Komabe, kuti akwaniritse zokongoletsera zabwino ngati izi, mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa zovuta zake zobzala zipatso zazambiri ndi kuzisamalira.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi: kukhetsa ndi kuvala pamwamba
M'malo mwake, irises sizimapanga zovuta zapadera pakulimaKomabe, komabe, ali ndi zokonda zawo, zomwe wokhala m'chilimwe sayenera kuiwala, yemwe adaganiza zokhala ndi malowa patsamba lake. Zingakhale zovuta kuti mukule pansi pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- nthaka yamadzi;
- nthaka yopanda mchere;
- mthunzi wosasintha.
Kotero kuti kuthilira kwamadzi kwambiri sikumakupangitsani zovuta pakakulitsa irises, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika pamalo otsetsereka opangidwa mwaluso. Ngati pansi panthaka malo osankhidwa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi pansi ndikuyambitsa zoopsa pamizu, ndiye kuti kukwera pang'ono ndi malo otsetsereka kumbali yakum'mwera ndikupanga njira yonyamulira madzi kukhala yankho labwino. Izi zitha kuchitika pakukweza maluwa masentimita 20 ndikupanga momwe madzi amvula abwerera.
Irises Zomera zamitundu mitunduKomabe, kuwunikira kambiri tsiku lonse kumapikisidwa kwa iwo, chifukwa chake ndibwino ngati ali mumithunzi kwakanthawi. Izi zitha kuonedwa ngati mungasankhe gawo la dimba ladzuwa lomwe limakhala ndi shading pang'ono. Tisanatengedwe pamalo osankhika a chomera, feteleza wachilengedwe ayenera kuwonjezeranso dothi, kenako ndikukumbanso mosamala ndi kumasula dothi. Ngati mukufuna kuthira nthaka ndi manyowa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzipanga kale kwambiri, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuti musabzale.
Mababu amakula bwino panthaka yabwino. Ndikothekanso kusintha momwe zimakhalira ndi zomwe zikufunikira ngati feteleza monga laimu, choko kapena mazira Pokonzekera kubzala dothi lamchenga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezeremo humus, momwemonso timathandizira kuphatikiza ndi phulusa kapena 40 gr superphosphate pa 1 sq km. m. Pa dothi loumbika, mchenga woonderera komanso pang'ono pankhumba kapena manyowa sangakhale wopepuka.
Blue irises imatha kumera pamalo amodzi osaposa zaka 10. Mitundu ya haibridi, nthawi yayitali yokulira ndi zaka 5. Poganiza kuti irises imakula msanga, vuto la kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka limafunikira mwachangu. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kusankha malo atsopano odulira maluwa awa.
Autumn - Nthawi Yobzala Bulb
Kubzala tekinoloje kungaphatikizepo zina zomwe zingasinthe malinga ndi mitundu. Mu nyengo yotentha ndikofunikira kuti zikule Ma Iridodictiums, Turkey ndi Caucasian, komanso ma hybrids, omwe samangokhala mizu mosavuta, komanso kupirira nthawi yozizira. Ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo owuma, pomwe amatha kukonzekera maenje okuya mpaka 7 cm. Pambuyo posamutsa mabulowo m'mabowo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silili lolimba.
Mutha kutero ngakhale kosavuta ngati mudzaza ndi chisakanizo chokhala ndi mchenga wochepa. Bowa ungawononge kwambiri ziphuphu. Chifukwa chake, mutagula mababu, ndikofunikira kuwachitira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo: mwachitsanzo, Fundazol kapena Benlat. M'chilimwe, pamene zimayambira ndi kusiya, ndikofunikira kupatulira mababu a mwana, omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chodzala.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, mitundu ya Juno ili ndi mababu akulu okhala ndi thupi lanyama, omwe amakonzanso mizu chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwira nawo ntchito, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Ndikofunikira pewani kupweteketsa mizuapo ayi zidzayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera kusinthidwa kwa anyezi wabuluu kukhala malo okhazikika sabata yatha ya Seputembala kapena khumi oyamba a Okutobala. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kusamutsa mababu mosamala momwe mungathere mu maenje okonzekera, osamala kuti asawononge mizu, ndikuwaza ndi dothi mpaka 6 cm.
M'nyengo yotentha, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika polemekeza mababu: mbewu zikaonetsa kuti zikuwoneka bwino, mabulowo ayenera kukumbidwa ndikuwasamutsira kuchipinda chowumitsira, komwe kuli kofunikira kuti kutentha kwa madigiri 22-25 kuundike. Koma mutha kuchita zina - pamenepa, filimuyi imayikidwa pamwamba pa maluwa kuti isanyowe ndi mvula, ndikusiyidwa m'malo ano mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Pambuyo pake, polima mitundu ya Juno, mababu a ana aakazi kapena mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kufesa komwe kumachitika m'mabokosi apadera. Komanso, kubzala zinthu pazochitika zonsezi kuyenera kukhala kouma. Mukafalitsa mbewu za "Juno", mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera mchaka chachiwiri.
Mukayika mbewu zamtsogolo, mutha sankhani mosiyanasiyana: Komabe, maluwa sayenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi m'lifupi mwa mababu awiri. Mtunda wovomerezeka pakati pa mbeu yoyandikana ndi 0,5 metres.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mabasiketi apulasitiki pakukula
Malo ogulitsira ambiri masiku ano amakhala ndi mabasiketi, yomwe ingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri chidebe chomwe zingalimbe zipatso za bulb. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuti amangochotsedwa pansi, ndiye kuti ndi basiketi mumatha kunyamula mwachangu komanso mosavuta anyezi wobzala mu chipinda choti ziume.
Kodi kusamalira irises?
Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera sikungokhala nthawi yoyenera kubzala ndi kukonza nthaka. Zomera zikamera mizu, zimafunikira kusamalira maluwa. M'mitundu yoyambirira, maluwa oyamba amapangidwa mu Meyi, ndipo pambuyo pake ena mu June. Choyamba, irises yoyamwa amafuna kudyetsa ndi kuteteza tizilombo. Zosafunika kwenikweni kwa maluwa ndi kuthirira. Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yamvula irises imasungidwa nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuchita kuthirira muzaka zouma, ndipo mbewu zimamwetsedwa m'mawa.
Feteleza Wachuma
Pakudyetsa, muyenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera. Mu nthawi yamasika, chipale chofewacho chimasungunuka komanso nthaka yapamwamba itaphwa. Pazovala zapamwamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho okonzeka ndi zosakaniza zowuma ponseponse, mwachitsanzo, Reasil kapena Mphamvu Zabwino. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufalitsa zochuluka za feteleza pamtunda wapamwamba, pambuyo pake zimasulidwa. Komabe, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti mizu siwonongeka pakugwirira ntchito.
Momwe mungathere kudyetsa maphunziro a haibridi osakhala chaka choyamba cha maluwa, mutha lingalirani chiwembu chotsatirawopangidwa ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu:
- nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous (2: 3: 1) - kasupe panthaka youma;
- mawonekedwe ofanana, koma pano chiŵerengero (3: 3: 1) chimawonedwa - pa nthawi ya mapangidwe a masamba;
- potaziyamu, phosphorous (1: 1) - mwezi umodzi itatha maluwa.
Ngati mukudyetsa munthawi yake komanso mulingo woyenera kudyetsa, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya masika, Dutch irises akuwonetsa kukopa kwawo, kukula msanga ndi maluwa ambiri. Mlimiyo ayenera kutchera khutu makamaka nthawi yomwe maluwa atapanga maluwa. Ngati pa gawo ili la moyo wa irises kudyetsa, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa maluwa adzakondweretsa wosamalira dimba ndi ladzala.
Muyenera kusamala makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni. Kuchulukitsa kwa chinthuchi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha "kunenepa," komwe masamba amakula kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo ilibe mphamvu yophuka.
Ntchito Yoletsa Tizilombo
Ngakhale kuti maluwa abuluu amtundu wakukulira samakula bola momwe tikanafunira, pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zapadera zotetezera. Tizirombo tambiri tithandizanso kukulitsa chisangalalo chotulutsa chamkati. Chifukwa chake, popewa kupezeka kwawo, ndikofunikira kuchita kamodzi sabata iliyonse anakonza chithandizo cha zomera.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika nthawi yomwe masamba amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Mankhwala a Malathion, komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo, akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera tizilombo. Ndikothekanso kusinthitsa maluwa nthawi yomweyo mpaka masamba atatulukira;- si aliyense wokhala chilimwe omwe angamvetsetse munthawi yake kuti zovuta za ndevu zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Mutha kuzindikira izi powoneka ngati maluwawo: mbewu yathanzi iyenera kukhala ndi masamba akulu akulu masamba 7 mpaka 7. Ngati mandala adwala, ndiye kuti alibe masamba opitilira 5;
- Komanso, sizomera zonse zomwe zingayambitse nthawi yopanga maluwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuchita izi: choyamba muyenera kukumba chitsamba kuchokera pansi, kenako chimatsukidwa ndi zowola ndi tizilombo, ndipo pamapeto pake amathandizidwa ndi antiseptic.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika nthawi yomwe masamba amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Mankhwala a Malathion, komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo, akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera tizilombo. Ndikothekanso kusinthitsa maluwa nthawi yomweyo mpaka masamba atatulukira;Pomaliza
Ngati wolima akufuna kusirira maluwa oyamba m'masabata oyambilira a masika, ayenera kulabadira chomera monga maluwa odabwitsa. Atawabzala pamalopo, okhalamo nthawi yachilimwe atha kukhala amodzi mwa oyamba kudziwa kuti kutentha komwe kuyembekezeredwa kwatsala pang'ono kubwera. Komabe, amatha kusangalala ndi kukongola kwa bullies wokhala ngati akamasamalira maluwa nthawi yonseyo. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, mafunso ambiri ayenera kuyankhidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa kusankha malo oyenera kubzala irises, ndikofunikira manyowa nthawi zonse, chifukwa zimadalira iwo kuchuluka kwa maluwa ndi zipatso zazitali chotere. Chochitika chofunikira ndikutetezedwa kwa tizilombo, chifukwa maluwa osakhwima awa amatha kukhala ogulitsa ambiri tizirombo, kuphatikizira kupindika.
