Mtunduwu umatchedwa Vespasian Robin, yemwe adabweretsa chomera ku Europe kuchokera ku America mu 1620. Amachokera ku North America, pomwe imamera pamadothi amiyala amiyala, kuchokera kumadera otsika mpaka 1350 m pamwamba pamadzi. nyanja, m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino kuyambira ku Pennsylvania kupita ku Georgia ndi Oklahoma. Amadziwika kwambiri mchikhalidwe cha Western Europe, m'malo ena amatengedwa ngati mtundu wachilengedwe.
Robinia pseudoacacia. © 영철 이Robinia, Latin - Robinia.
Ngakhale a Robinia ndi a banja limodzi lofanana ndi mthethe - maLeamu, sizolakwika kuzitcha acacia. Pachilankhulo cha Hellenes wakale - αγκγeche amatanthauza munga. Kuchokera apa mtengo wa Acacia udatchedwa dzina, ndipo Robinia amatchedwa mthethe chifukwa cha minga.
Mitengo yayitali yotalika 20-25 m (imatha kufika 30-30 m), korona wa openwork, wophukira. Impso ndizochepa kwambiri, sizowoneka kutali; mphukira zapachaka zimakhala za granular, angular. Masamba ndiwobiriwira mopepuka, opanda bedi, 20-30 cm kutalika, ali ndi akasupe 7-19 elliptical; yophukira yachikasu.
Maluwa ndi oyera, onunkhira kwambiri komanso olemera kwambiri, mpaka 2cm kutalika, omwe atengedwa mu drooping racemose inflorescence 10-25 cm.
Zipatso - nyemba zofiirira zofiirira, 5-12 cm kutalika, kucha kumapeto kwa September. Zipatso zofiirazo zimasungidwa pamtengo nthawi yozizira komanso chaka chamawa. Mbeu zake ndizoperewera impso, zofiirira, zonyezimira, zosalala, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta okwana 12%.
Kukula pachaka ndi 60-80 masentimita kutalika ndi 20-30 cm mulifupi.
Robinia pseudoacacia. © pizzodisevoTikufika
Kusankha malo obzala mbande za robinia kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kufunika kwa mbewu pakuwala. Kwa pinki robinias, chitetezo chachilengedwe ku mphepo yakumpoto ndizofunikanso.
Onse robinias ayenera kubzala mu April, asanaphuke. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yofikira m'dzinja, dothi limazizira kwambiri kuti mizu ya zomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha komanso yonyowa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake mizu yomwe idawonongeka ndi kukumba nthawi yomweyo imayamba kuvunda. Palibe chifukwa choti mubzalidwe loboti kwambiri - onse chifukwa chofanana ndi ukalamba. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mchenga ndi kompositi ndi kuphatikizika kwina kwa zinthu zina zamchere - phulusa, ufa wa dolomite, laimu wosalala, mwala wosweka ndi wabwino ngati dothi. Zambiri, izi zimamveka bwino pamtunda waumphawi, koma zowoneka bwino kuposa ochulukirapo ndi dongo. Mukabzala pamalo a dongo, mutha kuyesa, monga kulima zipatso zamiyala, ndikutera pa mulu, pomwe pamtunda wa thunthu pambuyo pokhazikika ndiyokwera kuposa mulingo wa dothi.
Robinia ali ndi tsitsi lakumaso. © Ruth HartnupMawonekedwe
- Mawonekedwe amoyo - Mtengo.
- Kukula - Kutalika 20-25 m, m'lifupi mwake 12-20 m, mulitali wamtengo mpaka 1,2 m.
- Crona - Kuzungulira kozungulira.
- Masamba - Wopanda mphamvu 20-30 cm, wobiriwira wopepuka, wa poizoni.
- Kutulutsa maluwa - M'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, maluwa ndi onunkhira oyera, omwe amatulutsidwa m'mabashi 10-25 cm.
- Zipatso - Nyemba mpaka 12 cm.
- Zambiri za kukula - Kukula kwa pachaka kuyambira 20 cm mpaka 1 m akadali aang'ono.
- Kukhalitsa - Mpaka zaka 100.
Chomera chili ndi Toxalbumin (Toxalbumin). Zomwe zimapezeka pachomera chilichonse ndizosiyana. Mlingo wocheperako ungayambitse kudzimbidwa, mu milingo yayikulu imapha.
Maganizo:
- mpaka kuwala - Photophilous;
- ku dothi - losafuna, koma limakonda dothi lowala, limalekerera kukongoletsa;
- ku chinyezi - kuthirira pang'ono;
- kumphepo - osawombera mphepo;
- kutentha kugonjetsedwa.
Mikhalidwe yamzinda - Utsi ndi mpweya.
Kukongoletsa - Kukongoletsa panthawi yamaluwa.
Kugwiritsa - Monga mtengo umodzi, malo obzala ndi malo, amatha kulimbitsa nthaka pamtsetse.
Robinia pseudoacaciaKukula
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kosiyanasiyana kwamiyala yoyera kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kuyambira kuzizira kwambiri, kwamtchire, kopanda maluwa mpaka mitengo yamphamvu, yamaluwa chaka chilichonse.
Ku Moscow, mutha kupeza masamba oyera oyera ambiri omwe amatuluka chisanu ndi nyengo yozizira. Mwa njira, ndi ukalamba, kukana kwa mbewu motsutsana ndi nyengo yachisanu kumakulira.
White mthethe ndimthunzithunzi, koma amatha kulolera pang'ono. Nthaka imakonda kuwala, yophatikika komanso yopanda mawonekedwe, sikuvomera madzi osasunthika. Imachepetsa chonde ndikuwapangira bwino, ndikuwachulukitsa ndi nayitrogeni. Osagwirizana ndi kukongoletsa nthaka, mpweya ndi utsi. Chifukwa cha mizu yophukira imakana mphepo zamphamvu, zosagwira chilala.
Robinia pseudoacacia. © MonikaKuswana
Njira zikuluzikulu za kufalikira kwa mthethe yoyera ndikubzala mbewu, kulekanitsa mizu, katemera (munjira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera ndi mitundu).
Mbewu zimakololedwa kumayambiriro kwa Novembala ndipo zimasungidwa m'matumba a firiji. Nthawi yofesa yabwino kwambiri ndi masika, masamba atayamba kuphuka pamitengo ya mthethe wamkulu. Kupititsa kumera, ndikofunikira kuchita choperewera (kuwonongedwa kwa chipolopolo): musanafesere, mbewuzo zimapatsidwa madzi otentha, nthawi yomweyo zimamizidwa m'madzi ozizira ndikuzimilira kwa maola 12. Mbewu zoyesedwa, popanda kuyanika, zimabzalidwe mu dothi lonyowa lamankhwala (ndikuphatikiza ndi kompositi ndi phulusa) pabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena lotseguka.
Kutentha kwambiri kumera kwa mbeu za Robinia pseudoacacia ndi 20-25 ° C. Bedi lokhala ndi njere ndi mbande zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimathiriridwa, namsongole amafalikira. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu nthawi yofesa uyenera kukhala wosachepera 20 cm, popeza m'nthawi yoyamba mbewu zoyera za mthethe zimatha kufika pa 0,5-1 m. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbande kumathandizidwa ndi nyengo yofunda, kutsirira pafupipafupi, kusapezekeratu kwa namsongole, kuphatikiza ndi chithandizo cha mbeu zazing'ono zokhala ndi phytostimulants (Epin, Lariksin, Novosil, etc.).
Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zomwe zakhala zazitali masentimita 50 ndipo zakhala zikuwoneka bwino nthawi yobzala m'malo osatha. Mu zaka 10 zotsatira, pansi pazabwino, kukula kwa pachaka kutalika kumatha kupitirira 1 m (mumsewu wapakati, nthawi zambiri mpaka 1 m), ndiye kuti kukula kwake kumayamba kuchepa.
White mthethe samalekerera kusowetsa dothi, chifukwa chake sipafunika kuti pakhale udzu wamphesa wazitali mkati mwa tsinde. Pansi pa korona mutha kudzala udzu wokongoletsera kapena kukhala ndi dothi pansi pa chinyezi. Mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala ndi mbewu zina za zipatso sizingabzalidwe pafupi ndi mthethe yoyera - chifukwa cha mizu yolimba kwambiri, imatha kuwapondereza.
White Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia). © 영철 이Mitundu
Mtundu wa Robinia ndi wa banja la Fabaceae (nyemba) ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu 20 ya mitengo yamitengo yomwe imamera ku North ndi Central America.
Mitundu ya Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) ili ndi mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera: kulira, piramidi, ozungulira, maambulera, masamba ang'onoang'ono, tsamba loyambitsidwa, golide ndi ena. Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma acacia oyera: 'Aurea', 'Frisia', 'Tortuosa' ndi ena.
Mitengo ya mthethe yoyera imakhala yabwino m'mabwalo m'modzi ndi gulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maulemu, magulu okongola, osakanizika kapena osawoneka bwino. Popeza chomera chimaleketsa kumeta bwino, chitha kupangidwa monga mitengo yokhazikika ndi korona wozungulira kapena wozungulira, pangani ma bediwiti, mipanda.
Wodwala robinia (Robinia viscosa) - mtengo mpaka 12 m kutalika wokhala ndi korona wozungulira. Mphukira, masamba, inflorescence ndizomata chifukwa cha tsitsi lochulukirapo. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira owala. Maluwa ndi a pinki-violet, osanunkhira, omwe amakhala m'malo angapo ang'onoang'ono. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali. Zomera sizikhala zolimba kwambiri nthawi yachisanu komanso zosagwirizana ndi chilala, koma zimatha kumayenda mumsewu wapakati.
New Mexico Robinia (Robinia neomexicana) - mtengo kapena shrub 6-12 m. Mokulira amakula kwambiri ndi zipatso. Korona amakhala wozungulira mosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri wopanda mawonekedwe, masamba amakhala akulu, obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ofiira, ofiirira, opanda fungo. Amamasuka kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Pankhani yakukana ndi zovuta za chilengedwe, ili pafupi ndi oyera mthethe.
Robinia watsitsi (Robinia hispida) - shrub mpaka 3 m kutalika, imapanga mizu yambiri. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi petioles zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira akuda. Maluwa ndi ofiira kapena apinki-ofiirira, akuluakulu, omwe amatisonkhanitsidwa mu inflemose inflorescence. Amaluwa ochulukirapo mu June, ndiye maluwa amatha kuwonekera mpaka Seputembara. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kumakhala pang'ono, ndiye kuti nyengo yotentha imatha kuzizira. Koma, monga zonse zafotokozedwapo za robinias, zimabwezeretseka bwino pambuyo poundana.
Robinia pseudoacacia. © 영철 이Kukula robinia iliyonse ndikosavuta. Prerequisites adzakhala awiri okha - kuchuluka kwa dzuwa komanso kusapezeka kwa madzi oyenda pansi pamalopo. Ngati malowa ali m'nkhalango kapena dambo, muyenera kunena zabwino maloto a mbewu iyi. Kuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!
