White kabichi ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa nzika za chilimwe, choncho ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi funso loti angakulire bwanji bwino kuti akolole bwino. Chikhalidwe cha masamba ichi chili ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana omwe amafunikira thupi la munthu, ndipo kukoma kwake ndikosakhwima komanso kotsekemera.
Imasungidwa bwino nthawi yozizira, imapanga saladi wokoma, komanso yabwino monga kudzaza kwa ma pie. Tiyesa kuona momwe tingakulire kabichi yoyera ndikuisamalira kuti titengere bwino mbewu.
Chifukwa chake kabichi yoyera ndiyotchuka kwambiri
M'dziko lathu, masamba awa ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndipo adakhala ndi mbiri m'mbuyomu. Ngakhale zaka 4,000 zapitazo ku Egypt wakale adayamba chikhalidwe ichi. Pang'onopang'ono, adasamukira kumayiko aku Europe, kuphatikizapo Russia. Akatswiri athu asayansi apanga mitundu yoyenera nyengo ya Russia.
Popeza kabichi yoyera imasungidwa modabwitsa nthawi yozizira, idayamba kutchuka mwachangu. Yotopetsa - izi gwero lamavitamini, ndipo chifukwa cha brine, mphamvu zimabwezeretsedwa ndipo anthu odwala kwambiri amachira.
Zomera zamasambazi zimakhala ndi ascorbic acid ndi vitamini U, zomwe zimatha kuchiritsa matenda am'mimba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso zodzikongoletsera.
Makhalidwe a kabichi yoyera
Chomera ichi chimakonda kuwala ndipo chimafunikira dzuwa lambiri kuti chikule. Kabichi sakonda kuzizira, imakonda nthaka yachonde ndipo ndiyabwino kufunafuna kuthirira.
Kutentha kwakukulu, kukula kwa mbewu kumasiya, ngati kutentha kumapitirira chizindikiro cha +35 madigiri, mitu ya kabichi imasiya kumangiriza. Kutentha kwakukulu pakukula kumayesedwa kuti ndi madigiri +18. Akuluakulu akulu a kabichi amatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri a -8.
Kutengera nthawi yakucha, mitundu yamabichi ndi:
- Oyambirira.
- Nyengo yapakati.
- Mochedwa.
Magiredi oyambirira ndi abwino kudya zatsopano, zapakatikati komanso mochedwa ndizabwino kuzifutsa ndi kupatsa mphamvu, ndipo zotsalazo zimasungidwa modabwitsa.
Masiku ano, asayansi adabzala mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya kabichi yoyera, yomwe yoyenera nyengo iliyonse. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zikule, chifukwa pamenepa, mbewu ya masamba imapereka zokolola zambiri.
Momwe mungakulire mbande
Pakati pa Russia, kabichi nthawi zambiri amabzala mbande. Mu March m'mabokosi ndi dothi lokonzedwa mwapadera (mchenga, ntchentche, peat) kubzala mitundu yoyambirira.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa osalimbikitsa kukula kabichi yoyera gwiritsani ntchito dimba lanyengo, popeza pamakhala ngozi yotenga mbande. Musanabzale mbeu, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale munthaka ya potaziyamu permanganate.
Mitundu ya Mid-msimu zofesedwa m'mabokosi mkati mwa Epulo, ndipo pambuyo pake kumapeto kwa mwezi uno. Asanabzale, mbewu zimafunikira kumira m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 15, kenako zimasinthidwa kumadzi ozizira kwa mphindi zitatu.
Kenako maola 12 kusungidwa mu yankho la zopatsa mphamvu ndi tsiku mufiriji. Mbeu zakonzedwa ziyenera zouma ndi kubzalidwa m'bokosi lophatikizidwa ndi dothi lofika mu 1 cm.
Ngati mbande za kabichi zakula pawindo, muyenera mupatseni kuwala pakufunika, pokhapokha iyamba kutalika, nthambi zake zimakhala zazitali komanso zopyapyala, ndipo mbewuyo imadzakhala yofooka.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Musanabzale kabichi panthaka, dothi limakonzedweratu, makamaka ngati zingatero lotayirira ndi lachonde. Mabedi amakonzedwa pasadakhale, ndipo dothi limayang'aniridwa acidity, bwino ngati lili acidic pang'ono kapena osalowerera.
Ngati dothi ndiloperewera komanso lolemera, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga ndi kompositi monga ndowa ya 1 m². Chifukwa cha chuma, wamaluwa ambiri amathira feteleza mwachindunji kuzitsime. Kukula chiwembu zikhale zapamwambawopanda tsankho.
Mbeu zobzalidwa m'masiku otsatirawa:
- m'makalasi oyambirira - theka loyamba la Meyi;
- pakati - pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi;
- mitundu ya malemu - kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni.
Chiwembu chodzala kabichi poyera
Mbeu zobzalidwa malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Mitundu yoyambilira imakhala pa mtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
- Mitundu yapakatikati komanso mochedwa, mtengo wake ndi 60 cm.
Ndikwabwino kusankha tsiku lamtambo kuti mubzale kabichi panthaka, ndipo ndikofunikira kuchita izi madzulo. Ngati mbande zobzala zikhale padzuwa, "zimatha kuphika". M'masiku oyambira ndizofunikira kuda ndi khungu kapena nthambi.
Mbande zibzalidwe m'maenje osadzaza madzi, izi sizimalola kuti voids apange mozungulira dzenje. Masamba oyamba asanawonekere, ndibwino kuwaza ndi nthaka youma. Ndikofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti impso yayikulu siyikokedwa mobisa.
Kulima kabichi kwakunja ndi chisamaliro
Kuti kabichi ikhale bwino, mizu yake imayenera kulandira mpweya wokwanira, chifukwa chake, kusamalira mbewu iyi ya masamba imaphatikizanso kulima, komwe kumachitika mukangobzala mbande.
Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa koyamba, mpaka 10 cm. Mitu ya kabichi ikamakula, kumasula kuyenera kukhala kwakuzama, mpaka 25 cm. zikuyenera kukhala kuti zikulimbemonga namsongole amatha kubisa mbande.
Kukula ndi kusamalira kabichi yoyera kumaphatikizapo kuthilira. Chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda chinyezi, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapereka zofunikira pochita izi.
Mitundu yoyambira kabichi nthawi ikakula ndiyofunikira madzi pafupipafupikoma modekha. Ndikokwanira kuchita njirayi kamodzi patsiku kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Mukayamba kutuluka (mu June), kuthirira kwambiri kumawonjezeka. Masabata awiri pamaso pa kabichi kudula, komwe kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi, amasiya kunyowetsa nthaka, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimayambitsa kuphwanya mitu.
Mitundu ya pakati pa nyengo imathiriridwa momwemo poyamba, koma ndizochulukirapo Kutalika kwambiri munthawi yakukhazikitsa mitu. Asanadule kwa milungu iwiri, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa.
Mochedwa mosiyanasiyana amafuna chinyezi nthawi zonse. Popeza kabichi yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira nthawi yozizira, mwezi usanadulidwe kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Kupanda kutero, chinyezi chambiri chimatha kusokoneza mawonekedwe osungira.
Kawirikawiri komanso nthawi zambiri kuthirira mbewu ya masamba ndikosayenera, chifukwa mizu imatha kudziunjikira chinyezi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti akule kwambiri kuwononga mitu ya kabichi.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kukula ndi kusamalira kabichi yoyera sikungachite popanda kuvala pamwamba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi masabata awiri mutabzala mbande pakukula kwake. Chifukwa chaichi ntchito nkhuku, womwe umasungunulidwa ndi madzi m'chiwerengero cha 1:15.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitidwanso pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ndipo gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mulleinlomwe lakonzedwa pasadakhale ndikuumirizidwa kwa masiku 10.
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimachitika pakukhazikitsa mitu ya kabichi, pomwe kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena kukolola kwazitsamba kuchokera kwa chitsamba chowawa, nthula.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mdzenje pansi pa mizu, kuyesera kuti usagwe pamasamba ndipo ndikofunikira kuphatikiza njirayi ndi kuthirira.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Zomera zazikulu zamasamba ndi kabichi ndi scoop. Nthawi zina mutha kuwona kuwukira kwa nthomba yopachika.
Chikhalidwe ichi chimatha kuyamwa ziphe zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera tizirombo, choncho ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe kuti muwawononge. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusakaniza ufa wa mpiru ndi tsabola wofiyira ndi izi osakaniza pollinating mitu kabichi.
Zimathandizira kuthana ndi nthomba yopachika popopera ndi yankho la phulusa - malita awiri akhoza kukhala mumtsuko wamadzi kapena viniga.
Zoopsa kwambiri matenda a kabichi - keel, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kupewa.
Chifukwa chake, kukula kabichi yoyera ndikusamalira ndi ntchito yovuta. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino muyenera chitani bwino ndipo munthawi yake ndikuchotsa udzu.
Kumbukirani kuti mitundu yoyambirira, yapakati komanso mochedwa imafunikira chisamaliro chosiyanasiyana, ndipo mbewu yokhayo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
