Pakati pazomera zoyambira pansi, goryanka ali ndi malo apadera. Chikhalidwe cha herbaceous chosatha ichi kuchokera ku banja la barberry chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa osati masamba, komanso inflorescence. Mu chilengedwe, chomerachi chimatha kupezeka kumapiri ndi nkhalango, chimakula kwambiri ku East Asia, Alps, Turkey ndi Caucasus.
Kwa mawonekedwe okongola a mawonekedwe osazolowereka, goryanka amatchedwanso "duwa la elves."
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Goryanka amakula m'tchire lambiri, kutalika kwake lomwe limayambira 15 mpaka 75. Mphukira zambiri zimatuluka mu mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Ndiwosalala kwenikweni, koma ndimakutidwa ndi kutumphuka kofiyira kofiirira. Kutalika konse kwa mphukira, kupatula nthambi zake, masamba obiriwira owala amakhala pamitengo yayitali. Mabasi amatha nthawi yozizira ndi iwo (mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse) kapena masamba azotaya nyengo yachisanu (mitundu yazovunda).
Kutengera mtundu wamera, tsamba lamasamba limasiyananso:
- mu mawonekedwe a mtima;
- okwera;
- cirrus;
- ndi m'mphepete mwa seva;
- ndi mitsempha yofiyira.
Mtunda wokwanira pakati pa tsamba lirilonse kuthengo ulibe kupitirira 7 cm (mwa mitundu ina ndi 1 cm), womwe umapanga kapeti wamtunda wowonda.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti tchire la goryanka limakula mwachangu, kukulira kumbali ndi kukhala gawo lalikulu, koma nthawi yomweyo pakati pazenera limazirala.
Goryanka limamasula mu Meyi, kutola maudzu ataliatali okhala ndi ma inflorescence otayirira ngati mabulashi pamwamba pa tsamba. Burashi iliyonse imakhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri. Ali ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi kwambiri: ma petalswo adapangidwa m'mizere iwiri, zinthu zinayi kunja, ndikufanana mkati mwa duwa. Mitundu ina imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa pamakhala amtundu wamkokomo wa spur. Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu zimacha, koma pali mitundu yosabala zipatso. Mbewu zimakopa nyerere, zomwe zimazipititsa kutali kwambiri ndi minda ya goryanka.
Pali mitundu yoposa makumi asanu yaimuna, yosiyana mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa masamba, komanso kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa inflorescence. Imodzi mwodziwika kwambiri ndi kuwawa:
- maluwa akulu;
- Colchis;
- mitundu yambiri;
- ofiira;
- tsamba la muvi;
- Wachikoreya
Maluwa okongola a maluwa otuwa goryanka wamkulu
Chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chimabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku nkhalango zamapiri ku Japan ndipo ndi chitsamba chapakatikati (cha mitunduyo) kukula kwake osapitirira masentimita 30. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe amtima ndi mawonekedwe owuma, mawonekedwe amkuwa opangira mawonekedwe amawonekera bwino patsamba lamasamba. Burashi yamaluwa imakhala ndi maluwa angapo a lilac. Chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri, duwa limatchedwa burashi wamkulu kapena kapu.
Goryanka inflorescence amtunduwu ali ndi zinthu zofunikira zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la abambo. Kutengera pa iwo, kukonzekera kwapadera kumakonzedwa, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo imatchedwa "Viagra wobiriwira".
Mitundu ingapo ya haibridi yapangidwe pamtunda wa goryanka wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri, pakati pawo ndi awa:
- Kukongola Kofiyira ndi Maluwa a Cherry;
- Lilafi wokhala ndi maluwa osalala a lilac;
- Mfumukazi yoyera yokhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera;
- Mfumukazi ya Rose yokhala ndi ma pinki inflorescence;
- Purple Pixie (Purple Elf) wokhala ndi inflorescence ya lilac-yofiirira, yomwe ma spurs oyera amawonekera.
Forest orchid goryanka colchis
"Zomera" zazikulu kwambiri za Colchis bumpweed (dzina lachiwiri la mitunduyi ndi cirrus) zimapezeka m'nkhalango za Transcaucasia. Amamera tchire lotayirira nthawi zonse, lomwe limafalitsa kachilomboka. Masamba okongola amtundu wakuda, inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a burashi yosavuta yokhala ndi dazeni, yayitali imodzi ndi theka, maluwa achikasu, pang'ono ngati maluwa.
Malo osiyanasiyana amakonda mthunzi, siosankha dothi, nthawi yamvula nthawi yayitali, koma salola chinyezi chambiri.
Goranka wodziwika wotchuka
Pakati pa mbewu zotchedwa herbaceous malo otseguka, goryanka wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri amakopa chidwi chake ndi maluwa okongola, akulu, maluwa achikasu komanso kulolera kwambiri chilala. Tchire lokwera limakula mpaka 40 cm ndipo limakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ochulukirapo amapezeka mchaka chachiwiri cha Meyi ndipo kumatha pafupifupi mwezi, koma zipatso sizimachitika. Mitundu imafalikira pogawa nthambizo kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limakhala ndi masamba.
Goryanka wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ndi malo osiyanasiyana osakanizidwa. Makolo ake ndi Mitundu ya maluwa akulu ndi Colchis.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi hybrone zingapo, zokongola kwambiri:
- Cupreum ndi maluwa ofiira amkuwa ndi masamba ofiira;
- Sulfureum yokhala ndi maluwa oyera achikasu ndi mawonekedwe ofiira pamasamba akale.
Mwera wapadera wa goryanka
Chizindikiro cha mtunduwo ndi mphukira zowoneka bwino, zomwe zochulukana zimapanga chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 40. Palibe masamba ambiri pa iwo, koma masamba okongola kwambiri a mitundu iwiri amatulutsa pamwamba nthawi yamaluwa: miyala ya penti imakhala yofiirira koma imakhala ndi mzere wa chikaso choyera pakati . Pakatikati pa duwa pamakhala kukula kwa mzere. Dongosolo lililonse la inflorescence ya gorianka ofiira herbaceous silidutsa 1.5 cm.
Arrowhead Goryanka - chisankho chabwino kwambiri chamabedi ogulitsa
Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya zobiriwira zosatha, zomwe zimapezeka pansi pa dzina la horny Perralderi. Dziko lakwawo la mbewuyo ndi nkhalango zamapiri za Algeria, komwe mitengo yamkungudza ndi mitengo yathundu imamera. Imadziwika ndi korona wakuda kwambiri, yemwe amapangidwa ndi masamba okongola obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi upangiri wakuthwa. Tsamba lamasamba pa petiole limasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonekera pang'ono, ndipo m'malo omwe umayamba kupendekera, ma clove angapo amalowerera. 
Zotsika mpaka 30 cm wamtali kukula msanga ndikupanga kapeti wandiweyani, kukula pachaka kumakhala kosachepera 15 cm.
Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda umapezeka mumasamba achikulire okha, pomwe achichepere amakhala ndi tint yokongola yamkuwa.
Arrowhead Goryanka limamasula mu Meyi ndi maburashi otayirira, maluwa amapaka utoto wachikaso wokhala ndi malire owoneka bwino.
Kufatsa kwapang'onopang'ono koma kosatha kwa Korea
Zimatanthauzanso mitundu yowuma, nyengo yotentha yopanda masamba. Masamba osatha ndi ophatikizika, kutalika kwake kusapitirira 15 cm, masamba ake ndi olimba, obiriwira odekha. Maluwa amakula mokwanira, ali ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, wopanda lilac. Goryanka Korea amatchedwanso Chinese.
Chomera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosasinthika: chimalekerera chisanu ndipo chimatha kumera, koma chimakula pang'onopang'ono.
Kodi goryanka amafalitsidwa bwanji?
Kunyumba, pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira goryanka:
- Pofesa mbewu. Ngakhale kuti mbande zikukula mwachangu, mbewu zowawa zimamera mwamphamvu. Kuti izi zitheke, ziyenera kumanjidwa kawiri, kuyikidwa mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi, ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yofananira kutentha kwa firiji. Bzalani nyemba zakonzedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi mu hotbed ndi dothi lotayirira (sakanizani peat ndi mchenga). Mbewu zachikale zingabzalidwe poyera osati kale kumapeto kwa Meyi.
- Atakhala ndikugawanitsa chitsamba chachikulire. Kukumba zigawo zazikulu za goryanka mu Seputembiki ndikucheka zidutswa zingapo. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi impso ziwiri. Bzalani m'malo okhazikika, kuzama mu nthaka ndi 5 cm, ndi mulch pamwamba pa masamba agwa.
Goryanka, wobzala kuchokera ku mbewu, adzaphuka mchaka chachitatu, ndipo Delenki imatha kutulutsa maluwa mu nyengo yamakono. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti mitundu ina imabereka kokha mwakugawa nthambizo.
Mukabzala mbande kapena kufufuta pakati pa chomera chilichonse, ndikofunikira kusiya mtunda wosachepera 30 cm, ndi mitundu yomwe imasiyana mu kukula ndi nthambi, ndi zina zambiri. Goryanka amakonda nthaka yopepuka komanso yopanda thanzi, yomwe imakhala ndi laimu yokwanira.
Kuyatsa goryanka sikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - kumakula bwino padzuwa komanso m'malo amdima.
Kusamalira kosavuta
Udzu wa Goryanka, monga zitsamba zambiri, umakula bwino popanda kutenga gawo. Koma kuti maluwa atchuke kwambiri, ndipo tchire ndilabwino kwambiri, thandizo pang'ono silimupweteketsa iye. Ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa udzu kuti udzu usamange zobzala. Ndikofunikanso kuthirira tchire, makamaka nyengo yotentha yotentha, koma apa ndibwino kuti isapitirire izi: ngati mizu imakhala chinyezi nthawi zonse, imayamba kuvunda.
Panthaka yachonde, chikhalidwecho sichifunikira kuphatikiza feteleza. Ngati dothi ndilosauka, mutha kupanga feteleza komanso feteleza wa mchere wambiri, koma osapitiliza kawiri nyengo.
Ngakhale goryanka ndi mbewu yosatha yopanga nthawi yozizira pokhapokha, ndibwino kuyiphimba nthawi yozizira, makamaka mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pogona panthawi kuti masamba achifundo asatenthe “bulangeti” loterolo.
Ponena za matendawa, goryanka imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha matenda ambiri ndipo kawirikawiri sichikhala ndi matendawa. Koma tizirombo, monga mbewa zam'munda kapena ma slgs, amakonda kusangalala ndi mphukira zake zazikulu. Kuteteza mbewuzo kwa iwo, mutha kukhazikitsa ogulitsa kapena misampha.
Kukongola Ndi Ubwino - Awiri M'modzi
Kwenikweni magawo onse a goryanka, kuyambira pa mpweya mpaka inflorescence, amakhala ndi michere yambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi ma alkaloids, glycosides, ma steroids, flavonoids ndi zina zambiri zofunika. Mankhwala akum'mawa, njira zochiritsira zowawa zidapangidwa kalekale ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito maudzu pokonzekera.
Chikhalidwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusapangitsanso thupi, komanso kubwezeretsa magwiridwe ake matenda osiyanasiyana, monga:
- mavuto azakugonana amuna;
- kutopa kwambiri;
- matenda oopsa
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi goryanka zimatsuka poizoni, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuchepetsa nkhawa pambuyo pamavuto ndikusintha magazi.
Pamodzi ndi zinthu zofunikira, goryanka imakhala ndi zotsutsana. Chifukwa chake, simungatenge mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga chomera, kwa ana, amayi oyembekezera komanso othinana, komanso matenda a chithokomiro.
Goryanka - mbewu ndiyopadera. Popeza mutabzala mitundu ingapo pamalopo, mutha kupanga mwaluso polemba maluwawo ndi "bulangeti" lokongola, lomwe silofunikira kusamalira. Ma jekete achoko amawoneka bwino kuphatikiza ndi zikhalidwe zina. Ndipo maluwa okongola ndi masamba owawa adzathandiza kuthetsa mavuto azaumoyo ndikuwalimbitsa. Mukumera m'munda wanu wokhazikika koma zodabwitsa chikhalidwe ichi ndikusangalala ndi ntchito yanu!
