Nyumba yokhala ndi chiwembu kunja kwa mzinda, komwe mungasiye mzindawu ndi fumbi, lero sikhala chizindikiro choti zinthu zikuwayendera, komanso ndiyofunika. Wina pano akupumira mpweya wabwino ndikupeza kupumula pambuyo pa chipwirikiti cha mzindawu, wina akuchita ntchito yolima ndi kukonza dimba, koma kwenikweni aliyense amakumana ndi vuto limodzi, yankho lake lomwe limatengera kukhazikika kwadzikoli.
Zowona kuti mzindawu wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wotukuka nthawi zambiri zimasowa konse mdziko. Iyi ndi njira yamadzimadzi, popanda njira zina zowonekera sizingatheke. Chifukwa chake, pokhala mwini wa malo ochepetsera tawuni, wokhala kumene wangokhala kumene m'chilimwe nthawi zambiri amaganiza zokhudzana ndikupanga mwachangu zinthu zakumizinda kwa aliyense, makamaka, zinyalala pakupereka. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati ambiri asanakhale okhutitsidwa ndi nyumba zakale zokhala ndi cesspool, zobisika pakona yabwinopo ya munda, lero simungathe kuchita popanda zapamwamba kwambiri, komanso koposa zonse, zomanga komanso zotetezeka.
Zopangira zonyansa zakutchire
Komabe, ngati wokhala m'mizinda siganiza pang'ono pokhazikitsa njira yolumikizira zinyalala kunja kwa nyumba yake, ndiye pokonza zimbudzi m'nyumba yanyumba, munthu sayenera kuthana ndi zida zam'madzi zokha komanso kulumikizana kwamkati, komanso kukumbukira mbali zonse za dongosololi:
- Pazakudya zam'madzi, zopumira ndi mapaipi mkati mwanyumbayo omwe amapanga njira zamkati zam'kati;
- Zokhudza mapaipi omwe amapezeka kunja kwa nyumba;
- Zokhudza malo osungira kapena kuyeretsa onse omwe achoka mnyumbamo ndi kutolera malo omwe akutulutsa zonyanjayi.
Ndipo ngati dongosolo lamkati lili lofanana ndi lomwe lili mzipinda, ndiye kuti magawo awiri azinthu zotchingira dzikolo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zigawo za mzinda wapakati ndipo zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.
Sewerage scheme mdziko muno
Chifukwa chake, musanapitirize ndikupanga dongosolo la chimbudzi m'dziko muno ndi manja anu, ndikofunikira kudziwa zofunikira pa dongosololi komanso pazinthu zawo ndikupanga chithunzi cha malo ake. Mfundo zofunikira pano ndi malo omwe nyumbayo ili, zomwe akufuna mwiniwake wa tsambalo komanso mndandanda wazida zoyendetsera mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Bwino, ngati zida zonse zofunika kuzikulunga zimangirizidwa paipi imodzi imodzi, ndikuwongolera zonyalazo kupita kumalo apadera komwe zotayikirako zidzangotengedwa, kapena zidzakhazikitsidwa ndikutsukidwa.
Ngati madzi akunyumba amayenda m'mapaipi osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumakomo osiyanasiyana kapena njira zosonkhanitsira madzi amvula zolumikizidwa ndi njirayi, kukonza njira zotetemera kotereku kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina kumafunikira makonzedwe azotuta zingapo zoyenera kutaya.
M'malo omwe kutentha komwe kumakhalapo nthawi yachisanu, mawonekedwewa ayenera kukumbukiridwa, omwe samangokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zonyansa m'nyumba ya dziko nthawi iliyonse pachaka, komanso chitetezo chamapaipi chomwe chikuyenda pansi ndi kutuluka mnyumbamo. Ngati pamalowa akuyenera kupanga njira yosavuta kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito madzi am'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito cesspool, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa madzi apansi pamadzi sikuyenera kutsika kuposa mamita awiri, ndiko kuti, kuya kwa dzenjelo palokha.
Dongosolo la zotayira zamkati zopereka
Mphepo zamkati mkati mwa nyumba imakonzedwa potengera zosowa za anthu okhala ndi zida zomwe zikupezeka, ndipo chitolirochi chimatulutsidwa kudzera kukhoma lakunja kwa nyumbayo kapena maziko pansi pake. Ndikofunikira kupereka chitoliro chokwanira cha chitolirochi, chomwe mumakumba mkati mwa nyumbayo mumakhala chitsimikizo kuti chimakhala chokwera kuposa mulingo wamadzi akunyumba mu cesspool kapena tank la septic.
Makina oyendetsera kunja kwanyanja
Njira yakunja ndi yolumikizana ndi mapaipi omwe amayenda ndi madzi akumwa kuchokera kumalo osungira, kaya akhale zida zapakhomo, ngalande zotayira kapena zitsime zamadzi amvula, ndi malo othandizira kapena kusungirako zinyalala. Masiku ano, mapaipi achitsulo achikhalidwe kapena zinthu zamakono zopangira pulasitiki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Mapaipi achitsulo amafunikira kusindikizidwa mosamala, ndipo mafupa a nkhani iyi amathandizidwa ndi utoto ndi matope a simenti. Mapaipi apulasitiki safunikira kupanga kwa ntchito yotere.
Mukamapanga zimbudzi mdziko muno, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi osoka akutsikira kuti madziwo atha kukoka ndi kukoka kupita ku cesspool kapena tank la septic. Monga lamulo, njira yotengera chitoliro cha chitolirochi sichiri chochepera masentimita awiri pa mita ya chitoliro choyikidwa mu ngalawo. Kuzama kwa ngalawo sikumapangidwa mosakwana mita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, osachepera theka la mita.
Komanso, mapaipi onse omwe amagwera m'malo ozizira a dothi ayenera kufakiziridwa ndi ubweya wa mchere, mikono yolimbitsa kutentha kapena zida zopangidwa ndi polymeric, dongo kapena chithovu. Monga lamulo, madera onse omwe amakhala pamwamba pamtunda wa 30 cm kuchokera pamtunda wa dothi, komanso zidziwitso zochokera munyumbayo, zimatsamira.
Pafupi ndi potuluka mpope wa chimbudzi, palinso njira yotsegulira mpweya kuti isafalikire kununkhira kosasangalatsa munyumba.
Malo omasulira
Ngati seva yolumikizidwa pakati idayikidwa kunja kwa tsambalo, ndiye kuti wokhala mmalo mwa chilimwe amayenera kukonzekera kutulutsa zonyansa papa wamba. Sadzadziunjikira kapena kuyeretsa.
Ngati palibe kanyumba kogwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula pafupi, ndiye kuti mavuto onse amagwera pamapewa a eni malowo, ndipo ndi yekhayo amene ayenera kusamalira kutaya zinyalala. Ndipo pazomwe muyenera kusankha kuti mupange njira yanji: yosavuta kwambiri ya cesspool-drive kapena yamakono, koma yamtengo wapatali koma yotsika mtengo yoperekera.
Sewerage mu chikhalidwe chakale
Chingakhale chosavuta kuposa cesspool?
Iyi mwina ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta yosungira zinyalala zonyansa. Kupanga kwa dzenje ndikosavuta, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi woti mumange popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Komabe, musanayambe ntchito zapadziko lapansi, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe ake. Izi zitha kuchitika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala mnyumba, kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 0,7 cubic metres.
Voliyumu ikadziwika, mutha kupitabe kuti mudziwe komwe kusungirako zinyalala zamtsogolo. Ndipo popeza madzi akumwa sakhala malo osangalatsa komanso othandiza, amakumba dzenje poganizira malamulowa:
- Kukula kochepa kwambiri kwa dzenje sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana mamita awiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti madzi apansi pansi sayenera kuyandikira pamwamba pa dothi ngakhale nyengo yamvula itatha;
- Mtunda wocheperako kuchokera kuzinyumba umatsimikizidwanso - mtunda wa mita 5 umawonedwa kuti ndi wabwino komanso wotetezeka;
- Ngati eni malowa agwiritsa ntchito gwero lamadzi lomwe lili pano, malo osungiramo zinyalala sayenera kukhala pafupi mamita 30 kuchokera pachitsime kapena pachitsime;
- Kupezeka kwa cesspool kukusonyeza kukhalapo kwaulere kwa makina ochotsa zinyalala zambirimbiri;
- Ngati malowo ali pamtunda woyipa, ndiye kuti cesspool imakonzedwa mwapadera kudera.
Cesspool yeniyeniyo imatha kupangidwa ndi mphete kapena matayala a konkriti, kuyiyika njerwa kapena zotchinga, ndipo zolumikizira ndi pansi zimatetezedwa kuti madzi asalowe mu nthaka.
Sewerage ili ndi chowonjezera chotseka, ndipo kuwatchingira dzenjelo kuyenera kupangidwa kuti pompopompo kutaya silivuto. Sewerage yokhala malo okhala kanthawi kochepa imatha kuchita popanda dzenje la stationary for drains. Ngati malowa adapangidwa kuti adzayendere pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti ndikokwanira kuyika chidebe chosindikizidwa mpaka mamitala 2 mita ndikubweretsa chitoliro chochokera kunyumbayo.
Ndi kutsika mtengo komanso kuphweka pokonza zimbudzi zamtunduwu, kwina, kununkhira kosasangalatsa komwe kukuwoneka pamwamba pa malo osungirako zimbudzi, pali vuto linanso lalikulu. Izi ndizofunikira kuyitanitsa pafupipafupi ntchito zapadera zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuyeretsa ziwiya. Zomwe sizingatheke nthawi zonse kumadera akutali kapena kumasulira kwakukulu.
Septic - sewer yamakono yanyumba yachilimwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito thanki ya septic, yamakono kwambiri, komanso yofunika kwambiri, chida chothandiza, imapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotayira zinyalala mdziko muno popanda kupopa. Madzi owuma amathandizidwa ndikuwatsitsa pansi. Inde, makina a scavenger angafunikire kutenthetsa thankiyo, koma ntchitoyi ingofunika pokhapokha. Njira yamtunduwu yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi thanki ya septic, momwe madzi amadziwetsedwa ndikutsukidwa, ndi dongosolo lotayira.
Tanki yosoka imakhala thanki ya zipinda zambiri, pomwe madziwo amadzisungitsa pang'onopang'ono kukhala kachigawo kakang'ono kamadzimadzi ndi kokhazikika kenako kumatsukidwa. Apa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kumathanso kupita.
Njira yosavuta yonyamula zimbudzi mdziko muno ndikugula thanki yosindikizidwa ndikukhazikitsa nyumbayi, malingana ndi zomwe wopanga amapanga. Komabe, zonse zitha kuchitika ndi manja anu. Mdzenjemo, zipinda zingapo zosindikizidwa zimapangidwa, zolumikizidwa ndi mapaipi okuta madzi osefukira.
Zinyalala zomwe zimalowa mu thanki ya septic zimatsukidwa ndi 50 - 70%, kenako zimapita kuchosefera kapena zimachotsedwera kumunda wosefera.
Kapangidwe ka kasupe koyenera kamafanana ndi cesspool, kupatula pansi. M'malo mwake, pilo yamchenga ndi miyala yamiyala imamangidwa pansi pa chitsime, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi ambiri asasilidwe mukalowa munthaka yachonde.
Zochita, minda yotsetsedwayo imayimira malo omwe ali ndi mapaipi opaka bwino omwe adayikidwa dothi lomwe limayeretsa chinyontho m'nthaka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kuonjezera chithandiziro chonyowa zamadzi odetsedwa mpaka 99% kulola malo operekera chithandizo. Masiku ano, yankho lake limalola kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyipa ngakhale ulimi wothirira komanso kuti akonze njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri yamadziwe m'dziko muno. Kuyeretsa komaliza kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito ya tizilombo tomwe timaletsa zinyalala kuti ziwonongeke, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe fungo losasangalatsa.
Malo opangira chithandizo - awa ndi makina osungira zinyalala m'nyumba ya dziko popanda kupopera madzi, madziwo amatuluka alibe fungo loipa ndipo alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthirira komanso kudzaza madzi osungirako m'deralo.
Chokhacho chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wake, womwe umalipiriridwa chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kusowa kwa mavuto okhala ndi akasinja osungira komanso kununkhira.
