Kubwera kuchokera kumaiko a Mediterranean ndi Southeast Asia, ma hyacinths amatuluka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumamveka pompopompo ndi fungo lamtundu kuyambira zoyera komanso zamtambo zonse za buluu mpaka zachikaso komanso zobera kwambiri.
Kumwera kwa North Caucasus, maluwa onunkhira amapezeka ngakhale kuthengo. Pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi zigwa mutha kuwona momwe mivi yamtambo wamtambo wabuluu kapena yapinki imatuluka pansi pa chipale chofewa. Sikovuta kulima malo okhala, pokhapokha nthaka yozizira komanso yopanda chisanu.
Kuwoneka pamwamba pamtunda, masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira otsegukira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo burashi ya inflorescence yokhala ndi masamba 20-30 imayamba kuwuka pakati. Maluwa amitundu yamakono ya hyacinth ndi a tubular, ofunda kapena owoneka ngati belu, amatha kukhala wamba komanso pawiri, ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Kodi mungabzalire bwanji msewu wapakati, pomwe dothi limazizira, momwe angasamalire mbewu kuti iphukitse bwino?
Kusankha kubzala zakuthupi
Ma hyacinths ndi mbewu wamba zophatikiza. Babu losatha la mtundu uwu:
- wopangidwa kwathunthu ndi zaka 4-6;
- ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi khosi lotchuka;
- Mulinso miyeso yambiri, yamkati kukhala yofinya ndi minofu, ndipo yapamwamba imakhala yopyapyala komanso yofanana ndi zikopa.
Kukula kwa babu kumachitika chifukwa cha kukonzanso komwe kumapangidwa pakatikati pa bud, kumakhala ndi masamba angapo ndi masamba amtsogolo. Mababu akuluakulu a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi pansi pazenera zosungirako amapanga zoyamba za mababu a ana aakazi - ana.
Komanso, kutengera mtundu wa hyacinth, mababu ake amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, mababu omwe amapereka maluwa a terry ndiocheperako kuposa masiku onse.
- Ngati ma hyacinths adzakulidwa panthaka, pofika nthawi yodzala, babuyo ayenera kukhala opanikizika, ndi mainchesi osachepera 4 cm ndipo ophatikizidwa ndi masikelo angapo padziko lapansi, masikelo 6-10 komanso impso yokwanira.
- Kunja kwa zinthu zodzala sipayenera kuwonongeka makina, kukumba kwa nkhungu, kupukusira kwa chimbudzi kapena kutha mphamvu.
- Mukayang'ana pansi, babu wapamwamba, mutha kuwona zoyizika mizu ya mamilimita awiri.
- Dawo la babu laubwino limakhala lalitali ndi theka kukula pansi.
Zinthu zobzala zotere sizingogwira bwino bwino mu dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, komanso masika zimapatsa maluwa ambiri.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo okulira malo okhala panthaka
Kusankha bwino malo obzala zipatso zaukhondo ndi kusamalira mbewu zisanachitike maluwa ndi pambuyo pake ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yophukitsira maluwa.
Malo omwe ma hyacinths amakulira ayenera kukhala owala bwino, omwe ndi osavuta kupereka mchaka, pakalibe masamba okwanira. Koma kutetezedwa kwa dimba la maluwa kumphepo kuyenera kusamaliridwa.
Alimi ambiri amalakwitsa kubzala mababu pansi pa korona zamitengo kapena pafupi ndi tchire lalitali. Komabe, mbewu zazikulu zoterezi zimateteza mbewu ku mphepo yozizira ndipo sizidzaphimba masamba asanaphuke. Kumbali inayi, ikafika nthawi yokumba ma hyacinth atatulutsa maluwa m'mundamo, mababu sangakhale ndi chakudya chokwanira kuti akhalenso ndi mphamvu, zomwe zingakhudze mtundu wawo.
- Ma hyacinths amakonda dothi lotayirira. Dothi louma kapena chernozem limaphatikizidwa bwino ndi peat kapena mchenga wamtsinje.
- Kukula kwa mababu ndi mtundu wa maluwa kumakhudzidwa bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, koma kuvala pamwamba ndi manyowa atsopano kungavulaze ma hyacinths.
- Asidi acidity sayenera kupitirira mayunitsi 6.5, ngati pH ndi yokwera, ufa wa laimu umaonjezeredwa ndi dothi.
Ma bulacinth a hyacinth samachita bwino kwambiri ndikatulutsa madzi. Ngati nthaka yam'madzi m'deralo ikuyandikira pansi pafupi ndi theka la mita, zitunda zazitali zimakonzedwa kuti mubzale ma hyacinths kapena ngalande zamphamvu ndizofunikira. Kuonetsetsa kuti kutuluka kwamasika kapena chinyezi kwamvula nthawi zina kumapangidwa.
Ntchito yonse yokonzekera kubzala hyacinths panja ndikusamalira anyezi imachitika bwino kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Pakatha mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, nthaka yake imakhazikika, ndipo nthawi yozizira bwino ya mababu imakhala yachangu komanso yosavuta.
Kubzala ma hyacinths
Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa ma hyacinths imakumbidwa ndi masentimita 40 ndipo nthawi yomweyo zotsatirazi zimayikidwa mu lalikulu mita:
- 10-15 makilogalamu a manyowa ozungulira kapena humus;
- mchenga ndi peat kutengera mtundu ndi momwe nthaka ilili;
- 250 magalamu a miyala ya limestone kapena magalamu 15 a magnesium sulfate;
- 200 magalamu a phulusa la nkhuni kapena 30 gm ya potaziyamu sulfate;
- 60 mpaka 80 magalamu a superphosphate.
Ngati mukukula ma boti kuti mukhale pamchenga, operewera muzakudya zomanga thupi komanso zomangamanga, ndikofunikira kuti mulimbikitse kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi magnesium nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Mizu ya mbewu imatenga chinyezi ndi chakudya mkati mwake masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kuchokera pa babu. Chifukwa chake, mabowo obowera amapangidwa pafupifupi kukula kwamtunduwu, ndikuzama pansi pa hyacinth ndi 15 cm.
Zocheperazo zomwe zimakhala zobzala, zomwe zimakhala zazitali zimakhazikika munthaka ndipo zimakhala zowirira pabedi la maluwa.
M'malo otsika, ma hyacinths amatha kubzalidwe pamchenga ndikudina babu pang'ono. Izi zitha kuteteza mizu ndi mbewu yonse ku matenda omwe angathe kuwonongeka. Mutha kufulumizitsa maluwa pobzala mababu kumtunda wokwera, komwe kumatentha kwambiri kuposa gawo lathyathyathya kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Kubzala masiku a hyacinths a kulima kwakunja
M'madera ambiri a Russia, ma hyacinths amatha kubzala pansi kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.
- Mababu akalowa m'nthaka kale, kapena nthawi yophukira ikatentha modabwitsa, mbewuzo zimayamba kukula ndikumwalira chisanu chikachitika.
- Mukachedwa kubzala, mababu sangakhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu nthawi yomwe nthaka ikuuma.
Komabe, mababu amatha kukonzedwa pansi m'milungu yoyamba ya Novembala. Kuti izi zitheke, malo omwe amafikira ayenera kuwumbika pasadakhale ndi masamba kapena zinthu zina zoyenera ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Nthaka imasungabe kutentha, ndipo mababu omwe amagweramo amakula bwino momwe amafunikira.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma hyacinths amayenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera ku chisanu ndi mulch kuchokera ku peat, utuchi, masamba kapena nthambi za spruce. Pogona amayenera kuchotsedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuti asawononge zikumera.
Kulima ma hyacinths kutchire ndikuwasamalira
Mutabzala ma hyacinths, chisamaliro chakunja chimatsikira pakuvala pamwamba, kumasula dothi, kudula ndi kuthilira, makamaka munthawi ya masamba ndi maluwa.
- Atangotulutsa mphukira, ma hyacinths amafunika kuvala koyamba pamwamba pamtunda wa 30 magalamu a ammonium nitrate pa mita lalikulu.
- Yachiwiri feteleza ntchito amapezeka nthawi ya madontho a masamba. Pano, si magalamu 20 okha ammonium nitrate pa mita omwe amawonjezeredwa pansi pa hyacinths, komanso 30 gramu ya potaziyamu kloride ndi 40 magalamu a superphosphate.
- Maluwa atamalizidwa, chomera chimadzalidwa ndi 40 mg wa superphosphate ndi mulingo wofanana wa potaziyamu mulitali.
Mavalidwe onse apamwamba amayambitsidwa mu kanjira kapena malo pakati pa mbewu, ophimba masentimita 10, kenako malo othiriridwa amathiridwa madzi. Ndipo kusamalidwa kwa maluwa ochulukirachulukira m'mundawo kumayambanso kuthilira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakatha masabata awiri maluwa atasamba.
Pambuyo maluwa osamalira a hyacinth ndi kukolola kwa babu
Maluwa a hyacinths ndi okongola, koma amakhala ochepa. Maluwa akauma, mbewuyo imataya zokongoletsera zake mwachangu. Kodi ma hyacinths atazimiririka, choti achite m'mundamo? Choyamba, makamaka ngati chodzala cha mababu a kasupe chikuphatikizidwa ndi zikhalidwe zina zokongoletsa, malo a hyacinths ayenera kudziwidwa. Kupatula apo, posachedwa, masamba akayamba, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzipeza. Kenako, mbewu zomwe zimabwezeretsa mphamvu mutatha maluwa, musadutse kuthirira komanso kuvala kwapamwamba.
Ngati nyengo ya Mediterranean mababu amalola nyengo yachisanu bwino ndikusangalatsanso ndi mivi yowala ya inflorescence, ndiye kuti pakatikati patenthe nthawi yopumula nthawi zina zimatha kuchepa. Ndiye, kodi mukufunika kukumba ma hyacinths chaka chilichonse? Inde, ndi mulingo wotere mumsewu wapakati womwe ungathandize kupanga mabatani kuti apange ndikupanga bwino kwa chiphuphu ndi chiyambi cha muvi wamtsogolo wa maluwa.
Ngati mababu abwinoko amatha kukhala m'malo otentha, osakumba nthawi yotentha, kusiya nthawi yachisanu pansi, maluwa ake chaka chamawa adzakhala ofooka kwambiri kuposa kale. Alimi okha ku Kuban, North Caucasus, Crimea ndi kum'mwera kwa Black Earth Region sangathe kudzilemetsa ndi kukumba kwa mababu pachaka, ndikuti ndi chilimwe chokha chotentha. Kodi kukumba hyacinths mutatha maluwa m'munda?
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochotsera mababu ndi masiku 10 omaliza a June kapena masiku oyamba a Julayi. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikuwoneka ofooka pamunsi, tsopano ndizosavuta kuzichotsa.
Hyacinth Bulb Kusungirako
Mababu atasenda, kutsukidwa ndikuwuma:
- amawunika, kupatula odwala kapena kuwonongeka pakufukula;
- Olekanitsa ana omwe akufuna kulera;
- kubzala zinthu kumathandizidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a mababu.
Ndipo, mkati mwa sabata, mababu amasungidwa kutentha kwa pafupifupi + 18-20 ° C m'chipinda chotsegulira ndipo amakaika m'matumba kapena mumbale mu 1-2 zigawo.
Kusamalira ma hyacinths mutatha maluwa m'munda ndikusungitsa mababu ndiye chochitika chovuta kwambiri kwa wophunzirayo.
Munthawi imeneyi, mamba okula a hyacinth auma, mbewuyo imakonzeka ndipo ikonzekera gawo lotsatira, pomwe mababu awiri azikhala otentha pafupifupi + 30 ° C, kutentha kokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino. Mwezi umodzi usanabzike, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsitsidwa mpaka +17 ° C, kuti zinthu zobzala zitheke kusamutsa kubzala kwa hyacinths poyera.
