Sikuti aliyense wobzala angathe kudzitama yekha dimba lake, koma aliyense amalota. Zimatengera mphamvu zambiri komanso kudekha kuti kuthilira mosalekeza komanso kupalira, kwaulemu komanso chisamaliro chokhazikika, chifukwa maluwa ndi maluwa ozizira. Koma chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwathunthu komanso kutuwa kwamaluwa koyenera komanso koyenera kuvala kwapamwamba.
Zovala zoyambira maluwa
Kuvala kwapamwamba pa tchire la rose kuyenera kukhala pazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za mbewu - chitsulo, magnesium, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Chilichonse mwazinthu izi zimakwaniritsa ntchito yake pakukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
- Maluwa amafunika ma magnesium pa siteji yopanga maluwa.
- Nitrogen ndiofunikira kwambiri pomanga unyinji wobiriwira. Chachikulu ndikuwonjezera feteleza woyenera. Ndi kuperewera kwake - mbewuyo imakula bwino, ndikupangika - imatha kusokoneza maluwa. Zitha kukhala osabwera konse kapena kusowa kwambiri.
- Iron ndikofunikira kuti maluwa azilimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuthekera kukana tizirombo tina ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Phosphorous amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakubala, komanso amalimbikitsanso kukula kwa zimayambira ndi maluwa opepuka.
Momwe manyowa moyenera
Mavalidwe apamwamba a tchire la rose ali mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi ndi ufa, komanso mawonekedwe a granules ndi mapiritsi. Kukula kwina kwa mbewu kumatengera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera.
Ma feteleza amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira ndikugwiritsira ntchito panthaka nthawi yothirira. Njira yofuna umuna imathandizira kuti mbeu zizipeza chakudya chochuluka.
Mitundu yotsalira ya feteleza imalimbikitsidwa kuti igawanidwe pamtunda ndi wowaza kuti agwiritsidwe pansi.
Zomera zitha kulandira feteleza wokwanira ngati zidyetsedwa kangapo pachaka, kutengera nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, m'miyezi ya masika feteleza amapaka nthawi 4-5, m'miyezi yotentha - nthawi 1 pamwezi, ndipo miyezi yophukira - nthawi 1-2 ndizokwanira.
Kavalidwe ka masika ka maluwa a maluwa
Tchire la Rose liyenera kuphatikiza manyowa mu kasupe ndikusinthana feteleza ndi michere yazachilengedwe pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Njira ya mizu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 5, ndipo njira yosakhala mizu - kanayi.
- Chovala choyambirira chimachitika pafupifupi m'mwezi wa Epulo mutatha kusungunuka kwathunthu, kudula matchire komanso kutupira kwa masamba ndipo kumakhala ndi vermicompost (3 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse) ndi zitosi za mbalame (100 g).
- Kudya kwachiwiri kumachitika nthawi yoyamba kukula kwa mphukira ndipo imakhala ndi vermicompost (3 makilogalamu) ndi zitosi zankhuku (pafupifupi malita 5).
- Kudyetsa kwachitatu kumachitika panthawi ya kupangika kwa masamba ndipo kumapangidwa ndi biohumus (3 makilogalamu) ndi zitosi za nkhuku kapena mullein (pafupifupi malita 5).
- Chovala chachinayi chapamwamba chimachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa oyamba ndipo amakhala ndi vermicompost yaying'ono.
- Lachisanu kuvala - kumachitika kumapeto kwachiwiri kwa maluwa ndipo kumakhala phulusa la nkhuni (pafupifupi 100 g), lomwe limalowetsedwa muzu.
Chovala cham'mimba choyamba chimakhala ndi magawo ofanana a superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu ndi ammonium nitrate. Kusakaniza kosakaniza bwino kumalowetsedwa m'nthaka ndikumumasula.
Kompositi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba, komanso ngati chosanjikiza chomwe chimasunga kutentha ndi chinyezi m'nthaka nthawi yayitali. Mulching organic wosanjikiza uyenera kuwaza ndi dothi laling'ono.
Feteleza wabwino pakachulukitsa. Kuchuluka kwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda osavomerezeka. Kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka ya rosary sikungapemphe kukweza zitsamba. Zochulukitsa "zimatha" kutentha "gawo la mbewu, makamaka ang'ono komanso osakhwima.
Mwachitsanzo, manyowa a nkhuku ndi feteleza wokhazikika, kuchuluka kwake komwe kungayambitse chikaso ndi kugwa kwa masamba, komanso kungayambitse kufa kwa chitsamba chonse.
Kuti chitsamba chamtundu wa pinki chikule bwino komanso kusangalala mtsogolo ndi maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kuyamba ndikukonzekera dothi lodzala mbande. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri musanabzale, muyenera kukumba maenje obzala ndikuwadzaza ndi zinthu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zachilengedwe. Choyamba, manyowa kapena kompositi (pafupifupi masentimita asanu), kenako kusakaniza kwa dothi komwe kumakhala zinthu monga izi: nthaka yamaluwa, superphosphate, humus ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Kwa milungu iwiri, maenje obzala amasiyidwa mu mawonekedwe awa, ndipo pokhapokha mitengo yamera imabzalidwa.
Kuvala kwa chilimwe kwa maluwa
M'chilimwe, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa maluwa tchire. Kuvala pamwamba kotereku kumalimbitsa kusadwalika kwa mbeu ndikuwathandiza mtsogolo kupirira nyengo yozizira. Phula feteleza amamwazika pansi pa chitsamba pafupifupi katatu pachilimwe. Feteleza wothiriridwa umadziwitsidwa ndi madzi, mosamalitsa monga momwe akufunira, ndipo limodzi ndi madzi othirira amaloledwa m'nthaka.
Mavalidwe a Autumn a maluwa
Umuna wodzivundira umathandizira mbewu kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Pakadali pano, amafunikira michere monga potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Potaziyamu ndi gawo lazinthu zomwe zithandizira zitsamba kuti zizipanga chitetezo chapadera ku kutentha kochepa nthawi yozizira, komanso kuchokera kuzirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana mpaka masika. Phosphorous imakhudza kukalamba kwa mitengo yamatabwa.
Kukonzekera feteleza: 100 gm ya superphosphate iyenera kusungunuka mu 2 malita a madzi otentha, kenako voliyumu yothetsera ikuyenera kukwezedwa mpaka malita 10.
Kukonzekera kwa phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza: superphosphate (7 magalamu) ndi monophosphate potaziyamu (magalamu 8) ayenera kusungunuka mu malita asanu a madzi ofunda.
Kukonzekera kwa ma feteleza ovuta a mineral: superphosphate (13 g), potaziyamu sulfate (5 magalamu) ndi boric acid (pang'ono pang'ono kuposa magalamu 2) ayenera kusungunuka mu 5 malita a madzi ofunda.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito feteleza komanso chopatsa thanzi chopatsa thanzi ndipo chimakhala ndi zinthu zochulukirapo (kuphatikiza potaziyamu ndi calcium), omwe alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito duwa lambiri ngati njira yowakonzekerera nyengo yachisanu.
Zinyalala monga ma zikopa a nthochi zimakhala ndi potaziyamu, motero wamaluwa ena amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati feteleza pomakumba zikopa pafupi ndi chitsamba chaminga.
M'masiku a mvula yophukira, feteleza wamba amasamba ndimvula yambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama granular nyengo ino, omwe azilowetsedwa m'nthaka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yayitali adzapatsa mbewuzo muzakudya zonse.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimayambitsidwa ngati chisakanizo cha kompositi ndi phulusa lamatabwa mozungulira pakati pa Okutobala. Feteleza uyu - mulch amateteza mbeu kuti zisazizidwe ndikuwapatsa zakudya zabwino.
Kuchulukitsa kwa umuna kumatha kupangitsa kuti maluwa azitha kutuluka, kukula kokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe a matenda.
Kavalidwe chipinda cha maluwa achi China
Duwa lachi China limaphatikizidwa kokha mchaka ndi chilimwe kawiri pamwezi ndi feteleza wovuta, monga nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Izi zimathandizira kuti chomera chipange masamba ambiri ndikuthandizira pakukula kwake.
Kuchokera kuperewera kapena kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza, chikasu choyamba, kenako masamba amagwa. Popita nthawi, chitetezo chazomera chimafooka, ndipo nthenda za fungus zimawonekera.
