Kukamba koyamba kosindikizidwa ku chikhalidwe cha nkhaka ku Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1600. Nthawi ya Peter I, minda iwiri idakhazikitsidwa m'mudzi wa Izmailovo pafupi ndi Moscow, pomwe, limodzi ndi mbewu zina zamasamba, nkhaka zidabzalidwa m'malo obiriwira. Zaka mazana awiri pambuyo pake, chikhalidwe ichi chinafalikira kale ku Russia.
Nkhaka, kapena Common Cucumber, kapena nkhaka (lat. Cucumis sativus) ndi chomera chamtundu wazaka pachaka cha banja la Pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae), mtundu wa mtundu wa Cucumber (Cucumis)
Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi madzi 95-98% ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ziphuphu ndizambiri mu michere yambiri, yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri mu metabolism. Zinthu izi zimathandiza kuyamwa kwa zakudya zina komanso kukonza chimbudzi. Zimathandizira kulakalaka. Mwatsopano nkhaka bwino kwambiri kumawonjezera acidity wa chapamimba madzi, chifukwa chake contraindicated akuvutika gastritis ndi mkulu acidity ndi peptic zilonda. Aliyense amadziwa kuti ngati mumawonjezera kakang'ono kaphikidwe kapena kabotedwe kabwino ku okroshka, ndiye kuti mbale iyi imalandira kukoma kosangalatsa.
Nkhaka © Tamera ClarkMu nkhaka, pamakhazikitsidwa masamba ambiri omwe amasintha momwe mtima ndi impso zimagwirira ntchito. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere, nkhaka imakhala yachiwiri ku radish yakuda. Mcherewu umasokoneza ma acidic omwe amapezeka muzakudya zambiri ndikusokoneza ma metabolic, amabweretsa kukalamba msanga, mpaka mawonekedwe a makhwala a galasi (miyala) m'chiwindi ndi impso. Ziphuphu, monga radish, amatchedwa dongosolo la thupi lathu chifukwa chofuna kupatutsa zinthu za acid. Koma izi sizimaliza phindu la nkhaka.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi
Mukamasankha malo okhala nkhaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizoyang'anira kutentha, kuwala ndi chonde m'nthaka. Mwachilengedwe chake chokonda kutentha, mbewuyi ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa mbewu zonse zam'munda zomwe zimalimidwa mosaloledwa pakati pa Russia. Kutentha kwakukulu polima nkhaka ndi 18 ... 26 ° C. Kutentha kwa 15 ° C, nkhakayi imachepetsa kukula, ndipo kutentha kwake kosakwana 10 ° C kumaleka kukula, mizu ndi khosi mizu kudwala ndipo chomera chimafa.
Ngakhale achisanu ang'onoang'ono amapha mbewuyi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nkhaka pabedi kapena zitulu zotetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndikuyang'ana kumwera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mabedi okweza mumawotha msanga.
Nkhaka amakonda nthaka yachonde kwambiri, yotsika-nayitrogeni. Nthaka za acidic kwambiri zimayenera kukhala zochepa. M'pofunika kuyika nkhaka pambuyo mbatata, tomato, anyezi, kabichi, nandolo.
M'dzinja, pansi pokumba, ndibwino kuti mubweretse manyowa atsopano pamlingo wa chidebe cha manyowa pa 1 sq. Km. mita, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti 25 g (supuni 1) yamchere wam potaziyamu ndi 40 g (supuni ziwiri) za superphosphate pa 1 lalikulu. mita M'malo mwa mchere wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu, 200 g ya phulusa amathanso kuwonjezeredwa. Chapakatikati, nthaka imakumbidwanso ndi kumumasulidwa.
Young mbande ya nkhaka. © TanyaKudzala liti ndi motani
Ziphuphu zingabzalidwe ndi mbande zonse ziwiri ndi mbewu mwachindunji. Kubzala pamalo otseguka kumachitika pamene dothi latenthedwa kale: mkatikati mwa Russia izi zimatha kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mukabzala mbewu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzizindikiritse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo musanafesere - kuti inyowetse. Mbewu yofunda imazichotsa ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri mbewu. Mbewuzi zimatenthetsedwa miyezi iwiri musanafesere, ndikuzikoloweka muchikwama chotentha pafupi ndi batire yotenthetsera kapena pafupi ndi chitofu, pamtunda wopitirira 20 ° C. Asanafese, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti zilowerere kwa maola 12.
Ndikwabwino kukonzera bedi kapena chisa chifukwa cha nkhaka motere: Kumbani phwando lalitali masentimita 30 ndi kuya. Gawo lam'munsi laphwando limadzaza ndi humus kapena manyowa (pafupifupi 15 cm kuchokera pansi). Chophimba chapamwamba ndi dothi losakanizika ndi manyowa kuti mupange kachigawo kakang'ono kapena lokwera - kusintha ngalande.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira nkhaka kumatsikira pa udzu, kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba (ngati kuli kofunikira) ndi garter pa trellis. Nkhaka ndi mbewu yokonda chinyezi. Chinyezi ndi kuthirira ndizofunikira kwambiri nkhaka pakukula mwachangu (June) ndikupanga zipatso (Julayi, August). Ngakhale kuyanika kwakanthawi nthaka ndikamapangidwe kazipatso kumayambitsa kuwoneka ngati kuwawa m'makola, omwe pomwepo sangathetsedwe ndi kuthirira kulikonse. Thirani nkhaka ndi madzi ofunda (madzi ozizira amatsogolera pakulepheretsa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a imvi zowola).
Kuti tisunge chinyezi, kubzala nkhaka kumadzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira (mungagwiritse ntchito udzu wosungunulira udzu). Mulch amateteza dothi kuti lisaname msanga ndipo limaletsa kukula kwa namsongole, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizotheka kuthirira nkhaka nthawi zambiri, ndipo simudzamasula ndi kuchotsa udzu.
Kuyika njere ndi kugwa kwa thumba losunga mazira kumatsimikizira kuti dothi limakwiya kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa michere, yomwe imatha kuchitika ndikubzala kwakuda. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ilere kenako kudyetsa nkhaka ndi yankho la feteleza kapena phulusa. Chenjezo liyenera kuthandizidwa pakudya michere yachilengedwe ndi nkhaka: mayankho amadzimadzi a michere akhoza kukhala ndi ma causative othandizira a Fusarium, ndipo njira zothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa namsongole zimatha kunyamula ma virus a matenda osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka chifanizo cha fodya komwe kali kosatha kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi).
Mukamadyetsa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti nyengo yozizira yovuta, kukula kwa chomera kumachepa ndipo palibe tanthauzo la feteleza: mizu ya nkhaka imatha kuyamwa mwachangu michere pa kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 10. Popewa kuwotcha, manyowa dothi lonyowa mozungulira nkhaka ndi feteleza, kupewa kuthana ndi masamba.
Mazu a nkhaka amafunika mpweya. Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsa dothi losalimidwa, ndipo kumasula kumawononga mizu yokhazikika. Kupereka mpweya, mothandizidwa ndi dimba pitchforks pansi kupanga punctness akuya masentimita 10-15
Pakakulitsa nkhaka panthaka pakagwa mvula yambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa imvi zowola mumiyendo yamiyendo. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndikuzimangirira pamiyala yamiyala: chimtengo champhamvu chimayendetsedwa pansi, chingwe chimakokedwa pakati pawo ndikoloweka nkhaka kumangidwa (ngati minda yamphesa).
Nthawi zina, maluwa achimuna okha ndi omwe amapangika mbande za nkhaka. Kuti muchepetse maluwa ndi mazira, muyenera kusiya kuthirira nkhaka kwa masiku angapo, kulola kuti nthaka iume. Komanso, mutatha tsamba 5 kapena 6 (kutengera nkhaka zosiyanasiyana), muyenera kutsina tsinde. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikika kwa chomera, kukula kwa mphukira ndi maluwa achikazi ndikuwonjezera zipatso.
Kutola zipatso pafupipafupi, kumathandizanso kupangira zipatso zambiri, kumachepetsa kukalamba kwa mbewu ndikuchulukitsa zipatso. Ziphuphu zamitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zazifupi zimakololedwa tsiku lililonse la 1-2, lokhala ndi zipatso zazitali (wowonjezera kutentha) - masiku atatu aliwonse.
Young mbande ya nkhaka. © WollMomwe mungasankhire kalasi
Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake sindizo zokhazo zomwe mitundu ndi mitundu yophatikizira ya nkhaka imasiyana. Ndi chiyani china chomwe timaganizira?
Kuwala, kapena prly, kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Itha kukhala yaying'ono kapena pafupifupi kusakhalapo; pafupi ndi malo akuluakulu ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono. Ndipo zimasiyana mitundu: zoyera, zofiirira, zakuda.
Nkhaka zoyera-spiked - mtundu wa saladi, sizoyenera mchere. Mwa njira, ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mosasamala za nyengo, zomwe zimabwera ku mashelufu kuchokera ku greenhouse. Ngakhale pa zipatso zazitali zosalala, mitengo yoyera yatsopano imatha kuoneka.
Ma spikes akuda kapena a bulauni - chizindikiro cha kuwotcha chosankha kapena mtundu wachilengedwe chonse. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala mitundu (zochepa kawirikawiri - hybrids) zomwe zimapangidwira malo otseguka kapena ma hotbed. Zipatso zawo ndizabwino kudya zatsopano, zipatso ndi zipatso. Chokhacho chingabwezere ndikuti iwo amakula msanga kuposa loyera, amatembenuka chikasu ndikusintha.
Sankhani mitundu yamatango yoyenera dera lanu. Zitha kuthana ndi nyengo komanso matenda omwe ali wamba mdera lanu. Siyanitsani mitundu ya saladi ndi yomwe imatha kuthiridwa mchere ndi zam'chitini. Ndipo zingakhale zabwino kwambiri ngati onsewo akhoza kukhwima nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yoyambirira imapereka zokolola msanga, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndikubala zipatso nthawi yayitali.
Ngati zikuwonetsedwa kuti mitundu yamitundu yamaluwa ndi maluwa, ndiyofunika kubzala mungu wochokera kwa iyo, chifukwa imaphuka kwambiri, koma mudzapeza zipatso zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya parthenocarpic nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'malo obisalamo kapena m'malo osungira mafilimu. Njuchi zikavijambulira, zimatha kubala zipatso zosenda. Chifukwa chake pewani kukulitsa mitundu yotseguka pokhapokha ngati pali chisonyezo chofanana kuti ndioyenera izi.
Ndipo musaiwale: nkhaka zimakonda kutentha, ndipo zingabzalidwe panthaka pokhapokha sipakuwopseza chisanu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, atayesa zaka zambiri, ma genetics ochokera ku United Arab Emirates adabweretsa nkhaka ndi zipatso zazikulu, zomwe ndizoyenera kunyamula komanso kusungira. Amanena kuti salawa zosiyana ndi wamba.
Bedi lamatango. © A Thomas McPunkKukula nkhaka m'malo otetezeka
Nkhaka imakhala yoyamba kubadwa mwa masamba m'malo otetezedwa ku Russia, ngakhale patsogolo pa phwetekere. M'makhola obiriwira komanso malo otentha, nkhaka zimamera makamaka munjira yofananira, ngakhale pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakambidwe pansipa.
Nthawi yofesa pansi pa filimuyo inali kale, pakatikati pa Russia - Meyi 10-15.
Mukamapanga wowonjezera kutentha, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhaka zimakula kwambiri, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuchitika mopamwamba kuti mbewu zisadzaze. Mkati mozungulira wowotcha mbande, waya (trellis) amakokedwa. Pamene mphukira imakulira kwa iye, mbande zimamangirizidwa mosamala pansi pa mbande za tsamba lachiwiri lenileni.
Mukamasamalira nkhaka, ndikofunikira kuti muwone maulamuliro otentha, kuyesa kupewa kutentha mwadzidzidzi, komwe kumavulaza kwambiri mbewuyi. Masana, sungani kutentha kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha mkati mwa 23 ... 26 ° C, ndipo usiku - 19 ... 20 ° C.
Nthawi yofesa pansi pa filimuyo inali kale, pakatikati pa Russia - Meyi 10-15.
Kukolola ndi kusunga nkhaka
Kutulutsa koyamba kwa nkhaka zofesedwa ndi mbewu panthaka kumayambira m'ma Julayi. Pakati pa zipatso, ndikofunikira kukolola nkhaka patsiku limodzi kapena awiri, kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri zipatso zikamakololedwa, ndizochulukitsa zipatso za mbewuyi.
Ndikwabwino kutolera Zelentsy m'mawa pomwe nkhaka zimakhala zolimba ndikuwasunga bwino. Zelentsy amayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala komanso mwaluso, kukanikiza ndi chala pamanja, ndipo makamaka kuwadula ndi mpeni. Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa choti mukweze kapena kutembenuzira makapu a nkhaka: zimakhala zopanda pake ndipo zimawonongeka mosavuta zipatso zikadzakola.
Munthawi yomweyo ndi kutolera zipatso zomwe zimagulitsidwa, mitengo yonse yosakhala yokhazikika kapena yodwala imachotsedwanso, chifukwa imangoletsa mapangidwe a nkhaka athanzi. Kutola kotsiriza kwa nkhaka kumachitika pambuyo pa kuzizira koyamba, kuzungulira koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Ziphuphu zimataya kukomoka kwawo komanso kugulitsa, kuzimiririka ndi kuwonongeka. Zipatso zololedwa zimatha kusungidwa pamawonekedwe amlengalenga kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 12 ° C osaposa masiku 15. Monga lamulo, kugona matango sikulinso koyenera kumalongeza.
Nkhaka © mutuiseKulowetsa nkhaka
Mitundu yonse yamnkhaka ndi imodzi mwamagulu awiri: parthenocarpic kapena njuchi mungu. Nkhaka za Parthenocarpic zimapanga zipatso popanda kupukutira, kupukutidwa ndi njuchi kumafunikira kupukutidwa kwa maluwa mwa kupukutira tizilombo kapena kupukutira kwa malangizo kuti mapangidwe apangidwe.
Mukakulitsa nkhaka m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamagulu onse awiri. Komabe, sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitundu ya parthenocarpic ndi njuchi mungu m'munda wotetezedwa limodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu za parthenocarpic, zikapukutidwa ndi tizilombo, zimapereka zipatso zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, m'malo obiriwira ndibwino kukula mitundu yopanda mungu.
Pofuna kukopa tizilombo ku njuchi mungu wochokera m'matumba, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewuzo ndi yankho la shuga (supuni 1 ya shuga pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi). Pokhala ndi maluwa ambiri opanda kanthu paminda, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsina pamwamba pa tsinde lalikulu pamwamba pa tsamba lomaliza, zomwe zimathandiza kukula kwa zilonda zam'mbali ndi maluwa achikazi. Maluwa opanda kanthu sayenera kudulidwa: umuna ndiwosatheka popanda iwo.
Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba
Abbad F1
Mitundu ya nkhaka za Abbad F1 imalimbikitsidwa kuti izikhala mminda yolimilira pansi pa malo okhala. Parthenocarpic, saladi. Amabereka zipatso patatha masiku 40-49 mutamera kale. Chomera sichimakhala chambiri, kuphukira ndi masamba ake ndizofanana, maluwa amtundu wa akazi, kuchuluka kwa maluwa achikazi ndi 3-4. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi, labiliwira. Zelenets ndi cylindrical, wobiriwira, yosalala. Kulemera kwa amadyera ndi 140-160 g, kutalika ndi 15-16 cm, mainchesi ndi 3.5-4.0 cm. Kupanga zipatso zogulitsa ndi 11.5 kg / m². Osaloledwa ndi ufa wowuma, wololera mpaka wofatsa.
Adamu F1
Nkhaka za Adam F1 ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizilimidwa m'minda, minda yanyumba ndi minda yaying'ono kuti muzilima poyera, m'malo obisalamo mafilimu komanso m'malo osungira mafilimu osakhalitsa. Kucha koyamba, Parthenocarpic, kulumikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka. Chomera sichimakhala mkati, srednerosloy, mtundu wamaluwa achikazi. Tsamba ndi laling'ono, lobiriwira mpaka lobiriwira lakuda. Zelenets ndi cylindrical, wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yochepa komanso mawanga ofowoka, owoneka bwino kwambiri (ma tubercles nthawi zambiri amakhala), pubescence ndi yoyera. Unyinji wobiriwira ndi 90-95 g, kutalika ndi 9-10 cm, mainchesi ndi 3.0-3.7 masentimita. Kulawa kwa zipatso zatsopano ndi kwabwino. Zokolola zamakaka zamtundu wa Adamu ndi 8.2-10.2 kg / m². Osagwirizana ndi blotch wa maolivi, powdery mildew ndi nkhaka yamatsenga ya zipatso. Mtengo wa Adamu nkhaka wosakanizidwa ndi lochuluka zipatso, kufanana zipatso, ndi kukana matenda.
Cupid F1
Cucumbers Amur F1 ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale minda yazipinda zamalimwe ndi zotulukapo za masika pansi pa malo okhala. Parthenocarpic, letesi zosiyanasiyana nkhaka. Zimayamba kugwira ntchito patatha masiku 37 mpaka 40 kumera kwathunthu. Chomera sichikhala chamkati, chikukula molimba, chofowoka, makamaka mtundu wa maluwa achikazi. Tsamba limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, labwinobwino, lopindika pang'ono, kuwuluka m'mphepete kulibe kapena kufooka kwambiri. Zelenets fusiform, yofupikitsidwa (12-15 cm), yabwino kwambiri, yokhala ndi khosi lalifupi, lobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka yofika pakati, pubescence ndi yoyera. Unyinji wa amadyera ndi 90-110 g. Lawani ndizabwino komanso zabwino. Zokolola za Adamu ndi 12-14 kg / m². Osalolera ku nkhaka zithunzi virus, cladosporiosis, powdery mildew, ololera kuti downy khansa. Ubwino wa haibridi ndi yakucha koyambirira, kudziwongolera kwa nthambi, chizolowezi chopanga thumba losunga mazira, kupangira zipatso mwamphamvu, kubereka kwachidule komanso kubala zipatso kwazomera, komanso kukana matenda.
Annushka F1
Annushka F1 Wosiyanasiyana akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala m'minda yolima malo otseguka, m'malo opangira filimu komanso m'malo okhala mafilimu osakhalitsa. Annushka - nyengo yapakatikati, njuchi-kupukutidwa, saladi, kulumikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka. Chomera cha nkhaka zamtunduwu ndizapakatikati, zamkati, zapakatikati, makamaka zamtundu wa maluwa, ndi mtolo wamavuto ambiri. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi, labiliwira. Zelenets zimakhala ndi ma cylindrical mawonekedwe, zobiriwira mpaka zobiriwira zakuda, zokhala ndi mikwendo yayifupi komanso zopanda matanga, zokhala ndi nthiti, zokhala ndi ma tubercles ochepa, ochepa, ofiirira, oyera mtima, osapsa mtima. Kulemera kwa kubiriwira ndi 95-110 g. Kutalika kwa greenery ndi 10-12 cm, mainchesi 3,3,5,5 cm.Kuoneka bwino kwa zipatso zatsopano ndi zam'chitini ndizabwino komanso zabwino. Kupanga kwa nkhaka za Annushka F1 ndi 7.5-8.0 kg / m². Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi cladosporiosis, nkhaka yamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu, powdery mildew ndi wololera kwa downy mildew. Ubwino wa wosakanizidwa ndi zipatso zokhazikika, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zinthu zatsopano ndi zam'chitini, komanso matenda.
Minion F1
Baloven F1 osiyanasiyana amaphatikizidwa ndi State Register ya Russian Federation yaminda yamaluwa yolima pansi pa malo okhala. Bee mungu, letesi, zamzitini zosiyanasiyana nkhaka. Mtundu wopatsa zipatso umabala patatha masiku 47 mutamera bwino. Chomera sichikhala chamkati, champhamvu, chamasamba ambiri, nthambi ndizambiri, makamaka zamtundu wa maluwa, kuchuluka kwa maluwa akazi ndi awiri. Tsamba limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, kubiriwira, makinya, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete. Zelenets chowulungika, chokhala ndi khosi lalifupi kwambiri, lamtundu wobiriwira, wamtambo, ma tubercles apakatikati kukula ndi kachulukidwe, pubescence wakuda. Kulemera kwa zelenets ndi 80 g, kutalika ndi 8-10 masentimita, awiri ndi masentimita 2-3. Makhalidwe abwino a zelenets ndi abwino. Mtundu wazipatso za nkhaka za mtundu wa Baloven ndi 14.4 kg / m².
Mngelo Woyera F1
Chalangizidwa m'minda yolimidwa pansi pa malo okhala filimu. White Angel F1 - parthenocarpic, saladi, kumalongeza zosiyanasiyana nkhaka. Zosiyanasiyana zimamera zipatso patatha masiku 44-49 mutamera kwathunthu. Wamtundu wolimba, wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, wosakanizika, wokhala ndi thumba losunga mazira. Tsamba limakhala lalifupi komanso lalitali, lamtambo wobiriwira, lokhotakhota, losasanjika m'mphepete. Zelenets mawonekedwe a cylindrical, oyera, ma tubercles a sing'anga kukula, osowa, oyera a pubescence. Zelentsy kulemera 90 g, kutalika 9-11 masentimita, mainchesi 3,3,5,5 cm. Kulawa zipatso zatsopano ndi zam'chitini zabwino komanso zabwino. Kupanga zipatso zamtundu wa White Angel ndi 12-15 kg / m². Kukolola kwakukulu, chonde chochepa, kufalikira kwa zipatso, kukhathamika kwa zinthu zatsopano ndi zam'chitini ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusiyana pakati pa nkhaka za White Angel.
Wachisoni F1
Nkhaka za Blagodatny F1 zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pansi pa malo okhala m'mafilimu m'minda yamaluwa ndi ziwembu zapakhomo. Mid-nyengo, parthenocarpic, saladi, kumalongeza mitundu yamnkhaka. Chomera chake ndi srednepletny, chosapanga chimbudzi, champhamvu, makamaka chamaluwa chachikazi. Tsamba ndi lalikulu, lobiriwira, lokwinya pang'ono. Zelenets ndi cylindrical mawonekedwe ndikuthamanga pang'ono kupita kumunsi, coarse-tuberous, zobiriwira zowoneka yaying'ono komanso ming'ono yaying'ono yozungulira, pubescence ndiyoyera, kuwawa kulibe. Kutalika kwa zinthu zobiriwira ndi masentimita 9.5-10,5, mainchesi ndi 3.0 cm.Ulitali wa zinthu zobiriwira ndi 110-115 g. Zokolola zamtunduwu zimakhala mpaka 20 kg / m², mwezi woyamba amapanga zipatso 7.2 kg / m². Tolerera kwa anthracnose. Mtundu wamafuta: kukhathamiritsa kwambiri komanso kugulitsa malonda, kukoma kwambiri kwa zinthu zatsopano ndi zam'chitini.
Petrel F1
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pazikhala minda, minda yanyumba ndi minda yaying'ono kuti ingalimidwe pansi pa malo okhala. Petrel F1 ndi parthenocarpic, mitundu yonse ya nkhaka. Amabereka zipatso patatha masiku 39-42 mutamera kwathunthu. Chomera sichikhala mkati, chokhazikika, champhamvu, mtundu wamaluwa, kuchuluka kwa maluwa achikazi ndi atatu kapena kuposerapo. Tsamba limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, kubiriwira, khwinya pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono m'mphepete. Zelenets zozungulira zopindika, pang'ono pang'ono nthiti, zobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima ya kutalika kwapakatikati, ma tubercles apakatikati, pafupipafupi, oyera a pubescence. Unyinji wa amadyera ndi 90-110 g, kutalika ndi 11-13 masentimita, mainchesi ndi masentimita 3-4. Lawani zipatso zatsopano ndi zam'chitini zabwino kwambiri. Zokolola zamtundu wa nkhaka zamitundu iyi ndi 11-13 kg / m². Osalolera ku nkhaka zithunzi virus, cladosporiosis, ololera kuti powdery ndi downy khansa.
Mabwenzi Okhulupirika F1
Mabwenzi okhulupirika F1 - mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka yolimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yazikhalidwe payokha kuti ikulidwe poyera komanso pansi pa malo okhala. Kucha koyambirira, kupukutidwa ndi njuchi, letesi, kulakatula, nkhanu zosiyanasiyana zosagwira. Chomera chikukwera, mkati, chochepa, makamaka mtundu wamaluwa achikazi. Tsamba limakhala pakati, kakulidwe, kotakataka. Osakhazikika, kuchokera ku mazira 1-2 mpaka 5-7 amapangidwa. Zelenets chowulungika, coarse-tuberous (kawirikawiri ma tubercles), obiriwira okhala ndi mikwingwirima ya kutalika kwapakatikati, pubescence wakuda, osapsa mtima. Kutalika kwa zinthu zobiriwira ndi 8-11 cm, mainchesiwo ndi 3.5-4.1 masentimita. Unyinji wazinthu zobiriwira ndi 90-105 g. Makhalidwe abwino a zipatso zatsopano komanso zamchere ndi zabwino. Zokolola Zambiri anzanu kutchire 2.5-3.0 kg / m². Osagwirizana ndi blotch wa maolivi ndi nkhaka zamtundu wa zipatso. Ubwino wa nkhaka mitundu Wokhulupirika abwenzi - zokolola zokhazikika, mapangidwe opanga thumba losunga mazira, kusauka kokwanira kwa mbewu, komwe kumachepetsa mtengo wa ntchito yolimbitsa thupi popanga mbewu mu greenjouse film, kuzizira kozizira.
Nkhaka © Gerwin SturmMatenda ndi Tizilombo
Nsabwe za m'masamba
Mawonekedwe amtundu wa nsabwe za m'matumbo ndi chowulungika. Colouring imatha kukhala yobiriwira yakuda kapena chikaso. Kutalika kwa tizilombo kumafika mpaka 2 mm. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokhala ngati mbewa ndi akulu akulu nthawi zambiri zimafanana namsongole. Chapakatikati, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumawotha ndi madigiri 10, nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamba kuchulukana kwambiri. Choyamba, amadya namsongole, kenako amapita kukadzala payokha. Potseguka, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kupezeka pamunda wa nkhaka nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, komanso m'malo otetezeka - makamaka kumapeto kwa mvula.
Tizilombo timakonda kukhala pamasamba am'munsi, mphukira, maluwa, ndi zina. Zikatero, masamba amayamba kupindika, ndipo maluwa ndi masamba amangogwa.
- Njira zothana ndi mapira: Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa namsongole. Ndikofunikira kusankhira tizirombo pansi pa masamba. Zikawoneka, ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la phulusa la nkhuni ndi sopo. Kulowetsedwa kwa Dandelion kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mavalidwe apamwamba a Potashi ndi phosphorous amagwira ntchito bwino. Kukonzedwa kumachitika ngati tizilombo taonekera pachilimo cha nkhaka, kamodzi pa sabata.
Tuluka
Ntchentche yotumphukira imakhala ndi mzere wamtali wakuda pamimba pake. Imvi, kutalika pafupifupi 5 mm. Mphutsi nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, pafupifupi 6 mm. Nthawi yozizira imachitika m'nthaka pansi pa masamba ndi mbewu. Chapakatikati, ntchentche zimayikira mazira m'nthaka, osafunafuna chonde kwambiri. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 6-8, mphutsi zimatha kuoneka. Chifukwa chake amayamba kuvulaza kwambiri mbandezo zomera za zomera zobzalidwa. Mu mbewu zamkhaka, ntchentche imalowa molunjika mu phesi.
- Njira zothana ndi mapira: Kuti mupewe tizilombo toononga, chifesani njere pa nthawi yake ndikuthira manyowa m'nthaka momwe mungathere.
Spider mite
Mafunso Chongopeka chimakonda kwambiri mu greenhouse ndipo pansi pa kanema pa nkhaka mbewu. Mawonekedwe ake ndiopindika komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kutalika pafupifupi 0.5 mm. Mtundu wake ndi wachikasu. Tizilombo timakhala pansi masamba. Amasunga masamba ndi kambewu wowonda. Zitatha izi, masamba ake amasintha pang'onopang'ono chikasu kenako nkuuma. Ngati zingwe ziwononga kwambiri chomera, ndiye kuti zitha kufa kwathunthu. Kutentha, nkhupakupa zimabala bwino panthaka. Amawonekera, monga lamulo, mkati mwa Juni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mvula mwachangu kumachitika pansi pa masamba ogwa komanso panthaka.
Chapakatikati, zazikazi zimayikira mazira pamasamba, zimadya ndikukhala momwemo. Kukula kwa nkhupakupa kumapitirirabe nthawi yonse yotentha. M'badwo umodzi umakula mu mwezi umodzi.
- Njira zothanirana ndi kangaude: Ndewu imakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikawonekera, mbewuyo imafunika kuthira mchere ndi yankho la sulufule ya colloidal. M'pofunikanso kubudula ndi kuwononga masamba owonongeka pachomera pachokha. Zotsatira zabwino ndizo njira yotsuka yoyeretsera malo obisalamo zitsamba ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana
Ziphuphu zimakhala ndi potaziyamu, calcium, chitsulo, phosphorous, ayodini, ndipo pazofunikira zambiri pamakaka pamakhalanso mavitamini ofunikira kwambiri: carotene, B2, B1, PP, pantothenic acid, B6, C, ndi ena. Chifukwa chake, nkhaka sizotsika pa kaloti, phwetekere, anyezi komanso ma citruse pazinthu zofunikira komanso zamankhwala.
