About mitundu yakale yamakono ndi yamaluwa, kufotokozera kwawo ndi mayina

Duwa limadziwika kuti ndi maluwa. Mitundu yodabwitsa yamitundu, fungo lapadera, kukongola kodabwitsa kwa masamba - zonsezi zimamupatsa mwayi kuti azitsatira mitu yapamwamba chotere. Popanda iyo, mapaki amumzindawo ndi mabedi amaluwa, zokongoletsera zaukwati ndi zokongoletsa sizingatheke, ndipo fungo labwino la pinki lidayambika zakale.

Kuchokera m'mbiri ya maluwa

Ndizovuta kunena kuti duwa lenileni limatuluka liti kutulutsa chiuno modzitukumula, koma ku Babulone ndi ku Perisiya duwa limalemekezedwa kale.

Kuchokera ku East rose rose adabwera ku Greece ndi ku Roma. Nthano zachi Greek zimatanthauzira za maluwa oyera ndi oyera ngati maluwa a Aphrodite. Unali wolemekezeka kwambiri ku Greece monga chomera komanso ngati chomera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga miyala ndi zikondwerero. Kufotokozera kwamaluwa ochokera 20 komanso masamba mazana ambiri asungidwa.

Sizikudziwika ngati duwa lidachokera ku Roma kuchokera ku Greece kapena mwachindunji kuchokera Kummawa. Ziwonetsero zaku Pompeii zikuwonetsa zosintha zake, zomwe zimayankhula mwanjira yachiwiriyo. Kumbali ina, monga ku Greece, duwa linali mbali ya chipembedzo cha ku Venus (Aphrodite).

Ndi kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma, zambiri zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa komanso chidziwitso zidatayika. Mwa zina, adangosungidwa m'nyumba zachifumu zokha, momwe, limodzi ndi sayansi ya Chilatini ndi mabuku, ulimi waminda unasungidwa, kuphatikizira kulima duwa. Koyamba ku Middle Ages, zokonda zinkaperekedwa polima zipatso, mankhwala azomera ndi zonunkhira, ndipo maluwa akuthengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhumba. Mfumukazi ya Maluwa tsopano yakhala ikutengera lamulo.

Izi zidathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a maluwakomwe Mpingo wa Katolika udampatsa. Zimayimira kuyera ndi chiyero ndipo zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chipembedzo cha Namwali komanso zowawa za Yesu Kristu. Maluwa onunkhira adalinso odziwika mu miyambo ya chikumbutso - miyambo, yobwerekedwa kwa Aroma akale ndikuchita nawo zikondwerero zazikulu mu Meyi.

Kugwidwa kwa Konstantinople ndi Nkhondo za Mtanda, mitundu yosadziwika yomwe kale inali ku Europe. Rose wakula m'minda ya mabishopu komanso nyumba zachifumu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zida zakale ndi maulendo apamwamba monga chizindikiro cha ungwiro, ungwiro.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ndi 1900. Mitundu yatsopano yokonda kutentha ku Asia idabweretsedwa ku Great Britain ndi France. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owala owala, kukongola modabwitsa kwa Mphukira ndi kutulutsa pachimake kwanthawi yayitali. Zowona, maluwa oterewa analidi osazolowera nyengo yankhanza yaku Europe. Kwa zaka zambiri, obereketsa ku Europe anayesera kuthetsa kutsutsanaku. Ntchitoyi kwa nthawi yayitali idawoneka ngati yosatheka, ndipo kokha m'zaka za zana la 19. adatha kudutsa mitundu iwiri ya maluwa, omwe adatsogolera pakupambana kwakukulu kwa rose ndikukula kwa mitundu yamakono ya tiyi.

Gulu la maluwa

Padziko lapansi pali zikwizikwi za mitundu yapinki ndi ma hybrids. Kuti athetse kusiyanasiyana uku ndikusintha, magulu ambiri adapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabuku ena amaikamo maluwa omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafoni. Gawani:

• zosavuta (pazipita ma petals 7 pa bud);
• theka-pawiri (m'maluwa kuchokera pamiyala 8 mpaka 20);
• terry (zopitilira 20).

Palinso maluwa paki ndi munda. Paki imatengedwa ngati mitundu yokongoletsera ndi ma hybrids a duwa lakuthengo, loyenera kuswana nyengo zankhanza popanda kapena malo osavuta a dzinja. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthika maluwa mobwerezabwereza ndi maluwa awo opitilira chifukwa cha kusankha kwakutali amatchedwa munda. Amafuna chisamaliro chapadera komanso pabwino pogona nyengo yachisanu.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito gulu lina lotulutsidwa ndi World Federation of Rose Kukula Magulu. Ndi iye yemwe amapezeka m'mabuku ofotokoza mitundu ya maluwa ndi zithunzi ndi mayina. Kugawikaku sikuli koyambira, koma pazokongoletsa zawo komanso zikhalidwe. Makamaka amatulutsa akale ndi maluwa amakono maluwa.

Maluwa akale

Mitundu yakale imatchedwa, idadyedwa asanawoneke m'zaka za zana la 19. maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa ndipo sanapitirire izi zitachitika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zitsamba zomwe zataya kufanana ndi rose m'chiuno. Amalimbana ndi matenda ndipo poyamba sanali otulutsa maluwa ambiri. Koma patatha ma maluwa a tiyi ku Europe kuchokera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ma hybrids adawonekera, kutulutsa kuchokera kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Mitundu yakale oyimiridwa ndi magulu ambiri osiyanasiyana. Nayi ena a iwo:

• Roses Alba, kapena White Roses, - tchire lalitali kowongoka ndi maluwa oyera kapena oyera a pinki, osagwira matenda ndi kuzizira. Pachimake kamodzi pachaka. Mitundu yakale iyi idadziwika kale m'zaka za zana la 14. Ndiye amene akuwonetsedwa m'manja mwa York.
• Maluwa a Bourbon adabwera nawo ku France kuchokera ku Bourbon Island ku Indian Ocean. Awa ndi zitsamba zakukonza ndi mphukira wakuda, masamba owala owotcha komanso maluwa awiri onunkhira a pinki, oyera kapena ofiira. Pali mitundu iwiri yowongoka komanso yokwera.
• Centipholic (gome-petal, kapena Provencal) maluwa koyamba kuwonekera ku Holland. Mtengowo ndi wamtchire, wotsika, koma wotumphukira, wokhala ndi minga ndi maluwa awiri komanso fungo labwino. Mtundu umapangidwa kuchokera oyera mpaka pinki. Amakhala ochepa, chifukwa chake mitundu yachikaso, yamizere kapena yamaso imakhala yamtengo wapatali. Phulusa kamodzi pachaka.
• Maluwa a Damask adawonekera ku Middle East modzidzimutsa posankhidwa ndi chilengedwe. Adawelengedwa ndi Aroma akale, komanso m'zaka za 13th. omenyera nkhondo adabweretsanso. Mabasi ndi amtali, okhala ndi mphukira ndi malovu. Maluwa a Terry, onunkhira. Mithunzi imachokera ku pinki yowala mpaka yofiira. Mafuta otchuka a rose amapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa osiyanasiyana a Kazanlak ku Bulgaria. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe imatha kutulutsa mobwerezabwereza, kuphatikizapo Autumn Damask.
• Gallik ananyamuka hybrids adachokera ku dogrose of Gallic. Izi ndi mitundu yakale kwambiri yaku Europe. Mitundu yake ina idalimidwa ku nyumba zamagulitsa ngati mbewu zamankhwala. Ndi zitsamba zosafalikira. Maluwa ndi onunkhira, osavuta kapena owirikiza, pinki, ofiira, ofiirira, ofiirira kapena opindika.
• At maluwa akuthengo kwambiri pubescent akuwombera ndi manda. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lapadera kwambiri lotulutsa fungo lokhazikika, zikuwoneka kuti lakutidwa ndi moss. Chomera chimawoneka ngati chitsamba chotsika kapena chapakatikati. Iwo anali otchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 18 mpaka 19. chifukwa cha kuthekanso kukonzanso. Pambuyo pake, kutchuka kwawo kunatsika mpaka 60s. Zaka za zana la 20 zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri za Fairy Moss zosiyanasiyana sizinadziwike.
• Maluwa achi China khalani malo apadera a duwa lomwe likukula. Asanatengedwe kuchokera ku China ndi Bengal m'zaka za zana la 18. ku Europe, ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imatha kuphuka mobwerezabwereza. Maonekedwe a zitsamba zakukonzazi ndi mphukira zosalala ndi ma spikes osowa, wokhala ndi maluwa osavuta kapena owoneka mopindika nthawi yomweyo adakopa chidwi cha obereketsa. Kuphatikiza pa maluwa obwereza komanso okongola awiriwa, anali ndi gawo lapadera: sizinazilale padzuwa ndi nthawi, mosiyana ndi mitundu yakale ya ku Europe, koma idadetsedwa. Zotsatira zake, maluwa achi China adabweretsa mitundu yambiri yobwereza kapena mosalekeza, mwachitsanzo, Bourbon, Noiset ndi ena.

Chiwerengero chonse Magulu 15 amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Maluwa amakono a maluwa

Mwanjira yosavuta, mndandanda wamitundu yamakono yamarimu imawoneka motere:

• floribunda;
• kukwera (oyendetsa njinga ndi ma klimmers);
• chivundikiro pansi;
• tiyi wosakanizidwa;
• zipsera;
• pang'ono.

Floribunda kunjaku kukumbutsa tiyi wosakanizidwa, koma imasiyana nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina imapitirira, maluwa komanso kulimba kwa dzinja. Nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi kukoma. Maluwa osavuta, a semi- kapena bushy amatengedwa mu inflorescence a mtundu wamaluwa. Masamba amatha kukhala osiyana mawonekedwe - mawonekedwe ambale kapena galasi. Mitundu yayikulu yosiyanasiyana ya kuthengo (kuchokera kocheperako mpaka kumtunda), ndi mtundu. Zosiyanasiyana: Buluu kwa inu, Mikango-rose, Pomponella (chithunzi).

Wicker kukula kuchokera awiri mpaka anayi mamita kutalika. Maluwa awo amatengedwa mu inflorescence. Oyimbira amakhala ndi timitengo tosinthika, tating'ono tomwe timafuna chithandizo, ndi maluwa ocheperako kuposa kukula kwa okwera. Phulusa kamodzi, koma kwambiri. Mitengo Yokwera imasiyanitsidwa ndi tsinde wandiweyani, maluwa akuluakulu komanso maluwa mosalekeza. Zosiyanasiyana: Elfe, Jasmina, Micka.

Mitundu yoyambira pachikuto anachokera kumalo osiyanasiyana okwerera maluwa. Zitha kufalikira pansi, kapena kumaphukira nthawi yayitali, kapena kutalika kwa chitsamba ichi kumangokweza kutalika. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Maluwa amtunduwu amalowa mosavuta mu mawonekedwe aliwonse ndipo amayenda bwino ndi mbewu zina. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi: Euphoria, mvula ya Purple, Satina.

Gulu lodziwika kwambiri komanso lokongoletsa kwambiri tiyi wosakanizidwa. Zachikulu zazikulu ndi zotsekemera okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, odziwika ndi maluwa osasintha komanso mitundu mitundu modabwitsa. Gamma imayambira yoyera mpaka pafupifupi yakuda (kwenikweni, tikulankhula zofiira). Fungo lawo ndi losiyanasiyana. Imatha kukhala yopepuka, yovuta kapena yofinya komanso yokhutira. Osiyanasiyana a gululi ali ndi mayina aluso kwambiri ndipo amayimiridwa pamndandanda wonse wa maluwa: Advance, Black Baccara, Topaz, Hommage a Barbara, Wow, Papillon.