Ponena za phwetekere zopangidwa tokha, zithunzi zokongola zimawoneka m'mutu mwanu - msuzi wopangidwa kunyumba; zitini za tomato zamzitini zojambula bwino m'masamba a pantry; Tomato mu masaladi kapena zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu kuchokera ku chitsamba! Ndipo tsopano muzipita m'mundamo kukayang'anitsanso minda yanu, ndikuona zachilendo mu tchire ndi tomato. Masamba yokutidwa ndi mawanga ansalu, zotupa zofiirira zimawoneka pamitengo ndi petioles. Izi ndi chiyani? Mwambiri, anu tomato amatenga kachilombo.
About fungal matenda a tomato
Alternariosis - Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wotchedwa Alternaria solani. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'onoting'ono toyambitsa matenda timatha kukhudza gawo lililonse la tomato - zimayambira, masamba, zipatso. Matendawa sikuti nthawi zonse amayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu, koma amachepetsa kwambiri ndipo amachepetsa lochuluka. Mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula kwa bowa ndi nyengo yonyowa komanso mame ochulukirapo. Zomera zamtunduwu zimatha kukhalabe m'nthaka komanso kupitirira pazomera zomwe sizinakwanitse kuchotsedwa chaka chatha nyengo yotuta. Monga lamulo, tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri zimakhudza kwambiri mbewu zofowoka.
Zizindikiro za alternariosis ndimawonekedwe amamba pamasamba, omwe amasintha chikasu ndikugwa. Poyamba, mawanga amawoneka ochepa, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi amawonjezeka. Zilonda zimawonekera pamitengo ya mbewu. Matendawa akadzafika zipatso, pomwepo timawoneka pafupi ndi phesi, ndipo timatha kuwoneka pa tomato wokhwima komanso wakhanda. Zomera zanu zitha kupulumuka kuwonongeka uku, koma izi zikhudza mtundu ndi zipatsozo. Alternariosis ndimatenda osasangalatsa, koma ndi oopsa kwa mbewu monga mochedwa choipitsa.
Mochedwa - matenda owopsa oyamba ndi fungus omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha spores za fungus Phytophthora, zomwe zikutanthauza "kuwononga mbewu." Bowa uyu sangangowononga mbewu yonseyo, komanso amatha kupatsira mbewu zina. Spores imatha kunyamulidwa ndi mphepo kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina. Chomera chomwe chikugwiracho chikuyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa (sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kompositi!).
Mphepo yamadzulo imawonetsedwa ndi mawanga amaso amtundu, omwe amasintha bulauni pakapita nthawi, ndipo masamba ake amaterera, amawuma ndikugwa. Malo owoneka ngati bulauni opanda mawonekedwe amatha kupezekanso pazipatso. Nthawi zambiri, mawanga pamasamba ndi zipatso amaphatikizidwa ndi nkhungu yoyera. Zizindikiro zomveka zowoneka bwino za mochedwa zimayambira pakati pa chilimwe, pomwe nyengo yabwino yakukula kwa bowa ikubwera - nyengo yabwino komanso yonyowa. Nthenda yowopsa imatha kupha mbewu mu sabata limodzi lokha.
Njira zopewera fungal matenda a tomato
Kukula mitundu yamatenda osagwira matenda kwambiri:
- Stupays;
- Dona wachitsulo;
- Jasper (chitumbuwa chofiira);
- Dontho la mandimu (chitumbuwa chachikasu);
- Prudence wofiirira;
- Red currant.
Zabwinonso, ngati mutha kupeza tomato wolumikizidwa - amadziwika ndi kukula ndi kupirira.
Kupewa kwa Alternaria:
- Gulani mbewu ndi mbande zokha kuchokera kumagwero odalirika, osagwiritsa ntchito mbande zoperekedwa ndi abwenzi kapena anansi.
- Mukabzala, sungani mtunda wokwanira pakati pa mbewu kuti muzilowera mpweya wabwino.
- Onjezani ndi mulch pamwamba kapena gwiritsani pulasitiki wofiyira wapadera wa tomato wophimbira dothi. Izi zimapereka chotchinga pakati pa masamba ndi dothi, lomwe lingakhale ndi fungus spores.
- Onaninso mbeu pafupipafupi, makamaka pakunyowa kapena nyengo ikasintha.
- Ngati mungazindikire kena kake kofanana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, nthawi yomweyo yambani kuthira zitsamba ndi njira zotetezedwa - fungicides zamkuwa ndi biofungicides. Onsewo ndi ena alibe vuto kwa masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya. Sinthani ndalama izi pakatha pafupifupi sabata (ndikugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yake itha kuchepetsedwa). Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zamkuwa zamkuwa - ziziwaza m'mawa kwambiri kuti musavulaze njuchi; malonda amatha kudziunjikira m'nthaka ndikuwongolera ku poizoni wake, chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkuwa nthawi zambiri, tomato sangakule chaka chilichonse.
- Pamapeto a chilimwe, yeretsani bwino mundawo ndikuchotsa zinyalala zonse za mbewu.
- Pakuphulika, yesani kupulumutsa mbewu zathanzi, ngakhale mutachita izi muyenera kuzijambulitsa muzotengera.
Kupewa koyambilira:
- Osasiya mbewu iliyonse yozizira ndikuchotsa tchire lonse la tomato ndi mbatata palokha. Mbatata imatha kukhala chonyamulira cha spore.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mizere ya msungwi komanso zothandizira pazomera kapena ngati mulch kapena pachitetezo chapadera (onani pamwambapa) kuti masamba asakhudzane ndi nthaka.
- Thirani manyowa pansi pazu ndipo pewani chinyezi chambiri. Ndikofunika kuthirira m'mawa kwambiri kuti mbewu ndi dothi likhala ndi nthawi youma dzuwa lisanalowe.
- Monga njira yodzitetezera, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe komwe kungakhale ndi mabakiteriya opindulitsa.
- Njira yothetsera hydrogen peroxide ndi chida china chodalirika komanso chothandiza kwambiri chothandiza kuti mbeu zisawume komanso kuziteteza kumapeto kwa kumapeto.
Kumbukirani kuti ndalama zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zoyenera popewa matenda. Ngati mbewu yayamba kale kudwala, iyenera kuwonongeka (kuwotchedwa) osadandaula. Palibe chifukwa choti musagwiritse ntchito manyowa matenda opatsirana, chifukwa choipitsa mochedwa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kufalikira osati kuzomera zanu zokha, komanso kwa mbewu za anansi anu!
Ngakhale ndizovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi vuto la phwetekere m'malo ozizira komanso otentha, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzithandizira kungathandizire kuchepetsa mwayi wakubwera kwa nthenda yowopsa iyi.
