Kuphika kama wofunda pakugwa

Mabedi ofunda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cholinga chimodzi: Choyamba, amatha kumasuka pakufunika kubzala mbande (kutanthauza kuti mbewu zitha kufesedwa mosakhazikika), ndipo chachiwiri, mabedi ofunda amawathandiza okhala m'madera ozizira zikafuna kubzala mbewu, ndi kubzala mbande pamalo osawopa kuti adzafa.

Wofunda pabokosi

Mabedi ofunda ndi osavuta kupanga ndipo sizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Tomato atha kumera pamabedi ofunda, pokhapokha ngati dothi lowonjezera lakhazikitsidwa pansi pamabedi ofunda, komanso nkhaka (panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kuti mupangire gawo lomwe limasunga chinyezi, mwachitsanzo, mpukutu wa moss, komanso masamba, radishi, zukini ndi dzungu ( pankhani ya zukini ndi maungu, ndikofunikira mwachilengedwe kuwonjezera kukula kwa mabedi ofunda okha, ndikuti, ndi 35% poyerekeza ndi nkhaka).

Mlimi aliyense amafuna kumanga dimba lotentha pachilimidwe chake momwe chimakhalira chomwe chimatayidwa chaka chilichonse kapena chopindika kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sichili chofunikira pafamuyo. Izi ndizomwe tidzafanizira popanga mabedi ofunda (ndiye kuti "akhale otsika mtengo komanso osangalala").

Kodi bedi lofunda ndi chiyani?

Simuyenera kuganiza kuti bedi lofunda ndi gawo lokonzekera kumunda. Ambiri amangochita mantha ndi izi ndipo samazipanga chifukwa chakuopa kuthilira kwa madzi m'mundamo nthawi yothirira, kulephera kusunga mundawo momwe udaliri kale ndikuusamalira nyengo yonseyo. Zili kwa anthu oterowo pamakhala njira yachiwiri yogona kama ofunda - pansi pa nthaka, kuyang'anira bedi loterali, ngakhale silikhala lambiri, kumakhalabe kosavuta.

Zambiri

Tisanayambe kuyamika mabedi ofunda ndikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane makonzedwe awo, ndikufuna ndikuuzeni mwachidule za momwe mabediwo alili, afotokozereni ngati kuti ali mgawo, kuti mupeze ngati muli ndi zida zonse zofunika kuti mumange mabedi ofunda , kapena china chake chikufunika kugulidwa. Choyambirira, izi ndizofunikira kutchingira ma mesh azitsulo pansi komanso ngalande. Iyenera kukhala miyala yamtengo wapatali, njerwa yosweka bwino kapena dongo lokakulitsidwa; ndipo kumbukirani kuti tidati: kuphika phwetekere, izi ndizoyenera kuchita pamwamba, chifukwa phwetekere sakonda kusunthira.

Modabwitsa, ambiri amalima ngakhale mbatata pamabedi ofunda. Chifukwa chake, ndipo chikhalidwechi chimafuna ngalande yopyapyala (20%). Mwa njira, si anthu ambiri omwe akudziwa, koma makulidwe amadzimadzi amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosawonongeka (mwachitsanzo, mukasankha kumanga bedi lotentha m'malo ano zaka zambiri), komanso kuchokera kuwonongeka, koma pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, komwe kumangokhala nyengo zinayi zokha (kutalika moyo wamabedi). Chifukwa chake, ikani nthambi zambiri, ziwonongeni bwino ndodo, zomwe zitha kuyikidwatu pamunsi ndikulimba kama wofunda komanso mothandizidwa nawo. Ndodo izi zimavunda komanso kuwola, koma zimapanganso pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachikondi (zimapezeka, ngakhale ndizocheperako, komabe zophatikizira). Kenako, njira yokhazikikayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pabedi lofunda, momwe zigawo za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe "zimatha kugaya nthaka" ndikupanga kutentha zimakutidwa ndi dimba laundawo, lomwe limakutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki pamwamba.

Bedi lofunda.

Zabwino pabedi lofunda

Chifukwa chake, choyambirira kwambiri komanso, mwina, mwayi wofunikira kwambiri m'munda uliwonse wotentha ndikulandila koyambirira kwa mitundu yonse yazinthu zamasamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi zipatso zokulirapo, chifukwa chake, mbewu yolemera kwambiri;

• kusakhala ndi chidwi chaza feteleza nyengo zitatu zoyambirira (ndipo mwina inayi, mudzazindikira chifukwa chamtsogolo) kugwiritsa ntchito kama wofunda, popeza "chakudya" kumizu ndichokwanira kwambiri chomwe mumagona pabedi lotentha nyengo zonse zitatu; nkhawa yanu idzangokhala kuthirira ndi kuchotsa udzu;
• chisamaliro chokwanira: kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa kutumphukira dothi kumachepetsedwa, kuthilira sikofunikira, kuthirira kumafunikira, koma ochepa - zonsezi ndizothandiza;
• sitinatchule namsongole, ndipo, pamabedi, monga momwe ndimalamulira, sizichitika kapena ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa namsongole kumachepera;
• palibe chowopsa cha kuzizira kwa mbewu kuchokera ku madzi oundana obwerera, mulimonse, ngati matalala sakhala olimba kwambiri komanso amakhala nthawi yayitali; nthawi zambiri pamenepa, kama wake umakhala bwino.

Zowonongekazo zimaphatikizapo ndalama zowonjezera zogwirira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zina ndalama zochepa kwambiri pokonzekera bedi lofunda. Kupanga kama wofunda ndi kosiyana ndi kukumba kosavuta dothi ndi feteleza, zomwe mudachita m'mbuyomu. Komabe, izi ndizochulukirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwakukulu - ndi kubwereranso mwa mtundu wa mbewu, kulandira masamba akuluakulu komanso okoma ndi zina zambiri, zomwe, mwansanje ya anansi, azidzawonekera patebulo lanu kale kuposa tsiku lawo. Zachidziwikire, mudzachepetsa ntchitoyi kwa iwo omwe akutsuka zinyalala, kapena kudzipulumutsa nokha pakuwotcha moto pamalowo, kuwotcha zinyalala zonse zamasamba, nthambi, udzu, zipatso zowola, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba.

Zofunika! Bedi lofunda limakhala lothandiza makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kulemera, mwachitsanzo, clayey, acidic (madigiri osiyanasiyana a acidization), marshy, kapena mitsinje yayitali yamadzi pamunda wamdothi.

Momwe mungapangire bedi lofunda?

Pali njira zambiri zopangira. Komabe, nthawi zambiri wamaluwa akapanga mabedi ofunda nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kwambiri nyengo yomwe akukhalamo. Tiyesetsa kuthandiza aliyense nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale ndizovuta. Ngati m'dera lanu nyengo zimakhala nthawi yonyowa, ndiye kuti zimakhala zozizira komanso mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti bedi lanu lingayambike kukhala lotentha, lodzaza ndi chinyezi. Kenako mabedi amafunika kuti azikhala okwera, akugogoda bokosilo kuchokera m'matumba (ophatikizidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe amvula). Ngati mungamange bedi pamalo otentha, mwachitsanzo, pakatikati kapakati, kenako ndikuthilitsidwa pang'ono, osayenera kupitilizidwa. Ngati mukutenga nyengo yozizira ya ma Urals ndi Siberia, ndiye kuti muyenera kuphatikiza kuzama mu dothi, ndiko kuti, kukumba ngalande ndikugogoda bokosi kuchokera m'matumba - iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yanthawi yotere.

M'madera ozizira, ngakhale pakati pathu, ngati madenga obwerera mwamphamvu akuyandikira, sikuletsedwa kuyika mawaya wamba pamabedi ofunda ndikukoka filimu ya pulasitiki pamwamba pawo, ndiye kuti mutha kuteteza malo obzala ndi mbewu pabedi lotentha kuzizira Mphepo, komanso chifukwa cha chisanu.

Mukamasankha malo pansi pa bedi lamtunda, omwe, mwatsoka, amagwera m'gulu lazopanga zoyenera, muyenera kusamala. Zikuwonekeratu kuti njira yabwino kwambiri si mthunzi, osati mthunzi pang'ono, koma yotseguka kwambiri komanso yotetezedwa ku malo amthunzi. Ngati palibenso malo ena otseguka m'munda wanu, onetsetsani kuti bedi limayatsidwa ndi dzuwa kwa maola osachepera asanu (mungafunike kuchotsa chitsamba chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, curators kapena kudula nthambi yayikulu ya mtengo wa apulo). Koma izi sizitanthauza konse kuti tsiku lonse bedi liyenera kukhala mumdima, kuwala kuyenera kukhala, koma kuvomerezeka ngati kumwazika.

Yesetsani kusankha gawo lokwezeka kwambiri m'munda wanu pansi pa bedi lotentha, kwinaku mukuyang'ana kuti bedi limatetezedwa mosalekeza kuchokera kumbali yakum'mawa, chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto ndi mabatani amtali omwe ali ndi korona wandiweyani (kunena, irga), komanso khoma la nyumba, mpanda kapena chilichonse nyumba ina (koma ichi sichofunikira, koma kungofuna).

Dziwani komwe kuli mabedi ofunda kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, kotero kuti kumatenthetsera ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Izi ndizofunikira.

Zofunika! Palibe chifukwa, musamayike mabedi ofunda pansi pa mitengo, ngakhale patakhala mpata waulere. Kumbukirani malamulo atatu osavuta - kukweza, kuwala kwambiri, chitetezo kuchokera kumpoto.

Kuchotsa turf pamalo opangira bedi lotentha Kukumba ngalande pansi pa kama wofunda Kusanja maziko a kama ofunda

Mitundu Yotentha Mabedi

Trench

Mabedi amtunduwu ndi oyenera kwambiri, choyambirira, kwa mbewu zomwe zimakonda madzi (dzungu, nkhaka), ndipo chachiwiri, mabedi oterowo amatha kumangidwa panthaka pomwe malo oyambira pansi satha kupitirira mamitala awiri padziko lapansi ndipo palibe chowopseza kuti chikhala nthawi yayitali kusungunuka kwa madzi akusungunuka, mvula kapena madzi othirira.

Chifukwa chake, choyamba, tifunika kuchotsa chimbudzi ndi kuchiyika pambali. Makulidwe a gawo logwidwa liyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri - masentimita 45-60, ndipo ngati mukukhala kumpoto, ndiye mita imodzi. Ponena za m'lifupi, kuti muthandizike kusamalira bedi komanso kuti pasakhale yotopetsa kwambiri, m'malo aliwonse otentha, kupingasa kwa theka la mita ndikokwanira.

Woyamba wosanjikiza timalimbikitsa kuyika zitsulo zolimba kwambiri, izi zitha kukhala ngati malire a mabedi ndipo mwina muzipulumutsa kuchokera ku sagging, komanso kulowerera kwa mbewa ndi timadontho, koma osasunga chinyezi. Kupitilira apo, ngalande zam'madzi, monga tanena kale, zimatha kukhala miyala, njerwa zosweka, matope okumbika kapena nthambi, mabatani owerengeka kapena owola pang'ono, zidutswa za makatoni okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, pepala lakuda kapena zinyalala zazikulu zomwe zimatha kuwola pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa dambo kumakhala pafupifupi 18-22 cm, ndipo kwa tomato mutha kupanga masentimita angapo kukwera. Kenako timayala dothi, ndikutheka kutenga lomwe latsalira kukumba kwa dzenje lokha, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Gawo lotsatira ndikuyika zotsalira zamasamba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza udzu wamba (nenani mutadulira udzu kapena zina), namsongole (pokhapokha popanda mbewu), wowola kapena kuyamba kuwola masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso, zotayidwa kukhitchini ( mbatata kusenda, etc.). Denga ili likhale lofanana ndi masentimita 14-16.Kumwambanso kuyala dothi lalikulu masentimita asanu ndi atatu kapena asanu ndi atatu. Pamwamba pa choponderachi, padzakhala pofunika kuyala buluza la humus, makamaka osati lozungulira kwathunthu, koma pafupifupi theka, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 9-12 cm. Ngati mulibe chosanjikiza cha humus chosongoka pakati, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa osongoka pang'ono, ndipo ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zazomera, mwachitsanzo, zosenda udzu (ngakhale siyabwino kwambiri) makulidwe omwewo.

Pamwamba pa "keke" yathu ya puffy, mutha kuyikapo nthaka yatsopano yopanda mizu, 25-30 masentimita (kuchokera muzu wazomera - 40 cm). Zonse zomwe zatsalapo ndikutsuka bwino ndikuwathira pansi mvula, kusungunuka kapena kukhazikika kwamadzi mu firiji ndikuphimba ndi pulasitiki.

Ponena za kanemayo: nthawi yeniyeni yophimba filimuyo ndi ngalande yofunda - mu kugwa kapena kasupe? Ambiri amakonda kuzungulira pogona, koma ali ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi - chakumapeto, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa m'mundamo posachedwa kotero kuti imayamba kutentha mwachangu.

Zofunika! Osatalikirana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa zigawo zomwe zawonetsedwa m'ndandandayo, zitha kukhala zongoyeneranso kutengera kuchuluka kwa izi kapena zinthu zomwe muli nazo, komanso, kukula kwa ngalawo (kuchepera kwake mosanjikiza, zokulirapo ndi wosanjikiza ndi mosemphanitsa). Kuti muchepetse njira zotenthetsera (kukonza zachilengedwe), mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali pachifukwa ichi ndikupangidwa ndi mafakitale, mwachitsanzo, Baikal M1. Imalimbikitsa kwambiri njira zowola. Koma kumbukirani kuti mankhwalawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito pabedi lokhazikika.

Mtundu wotsatira bediwo ndiwambiri

Bedi lotentha ili labwino kwa mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyezi chambiri (tomato yemweyo), komanso zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa chilimwe komanso chinyezi chambiri chophatikizidwa ndi mvula. Mwachidziwitso, mutha kukonzekeretsa bedi lalikulu mwaluso komanso kudekha mtima ngakhale m'malo otsetsereka omwe kale anali osadziwika bwino kapena kumadera komwe kuliopseza kubwereranso masana kapena kutentha kwakukulu.

Sindikani masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi zinyalala zamatabwa pansi pa bedi lotentha Kuyika kachigawo wobiriwira pamiyala yotentha Chizindikiro chodera nkhuni

Choyamba, sankhani malo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kenako ikani choyambira choyamba pamalopo, ndiye kuti ngalande: zonse zofanana ndi wosanjikiza womwewo (pafupi masentimita awiri). Timakuta zinyalala zamitundumitundu tokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita 12-16. Thirani izi ndi dothi lamunda. Pamwamba pa dothi, ndikofunikira kuthira humus kapena zina m'malo mwake (monga tidalemba pamwambapa) ndi makulidwe a masentimita 9-11. Ndipo, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - zigawo zonsezi ziyenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera kuminda, makamaka dothi labwino komanso lopumulirika bwino 55-60 cm. Kenako chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi kanema, mwanjira iyi ndikwabwino kumuphimba ndi filimu mukugwa.

Chomwe chatsala ndi kumanga mozungulira bedi ili bokosi lamatabwa atsopano okhala ndi zofunikira kuchokera pakuwola mwachangu kuti bedi lisawonongeke.

Zofunika! Kwakukulukulu, zonse zomwe zili m'bokosi lotentha bedi ndi kapangidwe ka ngalande yofunda yofanana. M'mabedi awa, ndizovomerezeka kukhazikitsa mankhwala kuti tithandizire kuvunda mwachangu, imodzi yomwe tidapereka monga zitsanzo. Pankhani yolimbitsa makoma a bedi lamaluwa ofunda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe kuwonjezera pa matabwa, koma ndi matabwa izi zonse zimawoneka zokongola komanso zodalirika.

Phatikizani bokosi lotentha la bedi

Iyo, kwenikweni, ndioyenera kwa mbewu zamasamba zilizonse komanso m'malo ambiri a nyengo yabwino. Titha kunena mosabisa kuti ili ndi kama wofunda wa ponseponse, womwe umaphatikiza zabwino zonse za ngalande yofunda komanso bokosi lofunda.

Timayamba pochotsa dothi, koma zochepa - mpaka 25-35 cm, osatinso. Kenako, mutha kuyikapo thumba lachitsulo kuti muteteze makoswe, kapena ngati mungachite mantha ndi malowedwe awo, ndiye kuti ikani mabatani mbali, ndendende ndi ngalande yomwe ikubwerayo kuti ituluke pafupifupi theka la mita pamwamba pa nthaka.

Zigawo zomwezi ndi zofanana - ngalande, zinyalala zamtchire zilizonse, ndiye zosanjikizana za humus ndipo pamwamba - dimba lamunda. Musaiwale kuwaza dothi lililonse ndi dothi. Bedi litakonzeka, limafunika kuthiridwa pansi ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kukonzekera kuthamangitsa kuvunda, ndiktseka zonse ndi filimu mpaka masika.

Zofunika! Musaiwale kuti bedi lililonse lotentha "limagwira ntchito" kwa zaka zinayi, ndiye kuti limatha zonse momwe lingathere ndipo njira yabwino ndikuyiwononga ndikuyifalitsa mu dimba lonse, ndikupanga yatsopano malinga ndi imodzi mwazosankha zathu.

Ikani chizindikiro pabedi lotentha la zinyalala zamasamba Kudzaza zigawo zonse za kama ofunda ndi dothi Kukhazikitsa bokosi lamatabwa pam kama ofunda

Kutembenuka kwambewu pamabedi ofunda

Kuti ulimi wamasamba m'mabedi ofunda ukhale wathunthu, kasinthidwe kazomera ziyenera kuonedwa. Izi sizikhala bwino nthawi zonse ngati pali bedi limodzi, chifukwa chake ngati kuli kotheka, muyenera kuyesa mabedi angapo ofunda pamalopo (ngakhale kuyeserera omwe ali othandiza kwambiri: ngalande yogona, bedi-bokosi kapena kama yogona).

M'nyengo yoyambirira ya bedi, alimi a masamba amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu za maungu pa icho, ndiye kuti, kwa nyengo yachiwiri, mutha kudzala nkhaka, maungu, ma tsabola, belu ndi biringanya.

Chaka chotsatira, chachitatu chogwiritsa ntchito kama wofunda - apa mutha kudzala kaloti, beets tebulo, mbatata, anyezi ndi radishes.

M'chaka chachinayi, chomaliza chokhala ndi bedi lotentha, ndikofunikira kubzala miyendo iliyonse yomwe imapanga mabingu, kudziunjikira nayitrogeni, ndipo mukamayala mabedi mozungulira mundawo, manyowa m'nthaka ndi nayitrogeni yokwanira.

Zofunika! Ngati simukufuna nthambizo konse, koma simukufuna kukana tomato ndi nkhaka mchaka chomaliza cha bedi, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira, onjezani manyowa asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi imodzi pamiyeso ndikuyala. Pakatikati, yikani bedi ndi nitroammophos pa supuni imodzi ya mita yama bedi.

Kubzala mbewu pabedi lotentha?

Kummwera - awa ndi masiku oyamba a Epulo, kumpoto - pakati pa Epulo, koma mosamalitsa pansi pa kanema, pakati - pafupifupi pakati pa Epulo, koma kanemayo sofunikira konse; ndipo kenako mu Meyi, zikumera zoyambirira zimawonekera pamabedi ofunda omwe adadziyambitsa okha.

Zambiri zakuwasiya pabedi lofunda

Nkhani yonena za kupanga dimba lotentha ingakhale yopanda tanthauzo lililonse pokhapokha ngati titha kunena momwe tingasamalire mbewu m'munda womwe nthawi zonse umangoyaka moto "mkati mwake." Tinalemba pamwambapa kuti kuthirira ndikofunikira, koma kochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuletsa kumeneku ndi mvula, ndipo ngati kulibeko, ndiye kuti munda umafunikirabe kuthirira. Palibe vuto kuti nthaka yogona pabedi.

Kenako, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito thermometer kuti muyeze kutentha kwa nthaka: ngati ndioposa madigiri 50 (omwe ndi othekera pamabedi ophimbidwa okha), ndiye kuti malo okhala amafunika kuchotsedwa kapena kuwongolera. Koma yesetsani kuchita njirazi masana osati madzulo kuti pasakhale kutentha kwakukulu. Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dothi, ngati mungagwiritse ntchito kama wokhala ndi pogona pamalo ozizira a kumpoto, lutrasil athe. Ndi chida chopanda nsalu chomwe chimadutsa momasuka chinyezi ndi mpweya, mosiyana ndi kanema. Chimatetezanso mbewu ku dzuwa lotentha.

Bokosi lofunda, lophimbidwa ndi nthaka yachonde.

Mwambiri, musawope kuyesa m'munda wanu, makamaka pankhani yogona. Ndizotheka kuti zokumana nazo zikuyenda bwino, ndipo mudzalandira zokolola zatsopano kwambiri kuposa momwe woyandila tsambalo angazilandirire. Tikukulangizani kuti mupange mabedi angapo ofunda pamalowo, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zovuta ndi kasinthidwe kazomera, ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi molingana ndi malamulo onse a "dimba".