Munasankha chomera kwa nthawi yayitali m'sitolo ndipo, pamapeto, munasankha maluwa anu. Awa ndi maluwa okongola, koma amafunikanso chisamaliro choyenera. Koma ngati mungawasamalire molondola, ndiye kuti maluwa okongola achifumuwa amasangalatsa ambuye wawo ndi kukongola kwawo kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, eni nzeru a mbewu iyi amafunsa funso: momwe angasamalire ma orchid kunyumba? Zonsezi ndizokhudza kusankha dothi labwino, chinyezi, kuyatsa ndi kuthirira.
Chisamaliro cha Orchid Kunyumba
Maluwa atengera masitolo
Chifukwa chake, mwabweretsa kukongola kwathu. Koma mungatani kuti duwa lizilekerera kupsinjika ndi kuchepa pang'ono, ndikuyenera kusintha zikhalidwe zina zatsopano, osavulaza maluwa ena omwe akukula mnyumba mwanu? Ndipo momwe angasamalire duwa lomwe adangobweretsa?
Quarantine Kutalika
Chofunika kwambiri, kukhazikitsani maluwa kwa milungu ingapo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyika mbewuyo padera pa maluwa ena onse. Ngati palibe chomera pazenera, ndiye kuti mutha kuchiyika patebulo kapena pamalo ena. Koma apa tiyenera kuganizira mfundo yoti Duwa lomwe langopeza kumene silikufunika kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndibwino kuyimitsa maluwa m'malo otetemera. Komanso, sizofunikira panthawiyi kudyetsa maluwa ndi feteleza, omwe ogulitsa amakonda kupatsa mbewu.
Kuthirira mbewu mumphika nthawi yotsala sikulinso kofunika, ingoyang'anani masamba ake, komanso ena onse. Izi ndizofunikira kuti chizindikiritso cha maluwa ithandizidwe munthawi yake, kuti asawalole kuchulukana. Mukamaliza kukhala kwaokha, kumangozolowera maluwa pang'onopang'ono padzuwa ndi madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.
Thirani
Dziwani kuti kuyika mbewu yomwe idagulidwa m'sitolo sikofunikira. Duwa limatha kumera patadutsa zaka zingapo. Kuyika kumene kumafunikira pokhapokha ngati duwa lomwe lili m'sitolo libzalidwe mu sphagnum moss.
Palibenso chifukwa chobweretsera orchid watsopano mumphika wokhala ndi maluwa "odana ndi nkhawa", ingolowetsani chomeracho kuti chitha kupirira ndikukhazikika mu chipinda chanu. Komanso, simuyenera kukonza tsamba ndi kukonzekera kwa tizirombo, makamaka akakhala kuti palibe. Chifukwa chiyani kuvulaza mbewu yomwe yayamba kale kusuntha? Duwa, lomwe limasiyidwa lokha komanso louma, limayendetsa matenda ake, ndipo nthawi zambiri lidzatha kusintha magwiridwe ena atsopano.
Feteleza, kuthirira, kuyatsa
Ngati mukufuna kuchokapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kuti duwa ndilofatsa komanso losapindulitsa, chifukwa limafunika kuti lipange zina zake. Koma kusamalira duwa ndikosavuta, chinthu chachikulu ndikukudziwa bwino nthawi komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kuchita.
Kuwala
Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha orchid, chimatsimikizira ngati dimba lidzaphuka kapena ayi. Popeza ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti maluwa akutuluka mosalekeza, ndipo ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira - masambawo adzayamba kubiriwira utoto, pambuyo pake adzatambalala ndikuyamba kutembenukira chikaso. Mukamasankha kuyatsa, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi malamulo otsatirawa:
- M'chilimwe, duwa limakhala bwino lomwe. Makamaka pakakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuwala kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa kumagwera masamba. Kwa kufinya, filimu ya matte kapena pulasitiki ndiyabwino;
- utoto monga kuwala kowala kwambiri. Ma radiation achindunji a dzuwa sadzakwanira, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi yotuluka;
- masana masana ndizofunikanso kwa duwa. Ola lalitali masana kwa orchid ndi maola 12, ngati masana masana sakwanitsa maola 10, ndiye kuti kuwala kumafunikira chomeracho. Kusamalira mitunduyi kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa ndi mababu a fluorescent pazolinga izi;
- pakugwa, mutha kupewa kufooka. Pakadali pano, chomera chimakhala matalala - kuyika kwa mphukira ndi kucha kwawo kumachitika. Muyenera kuganizira izi mukamachoka.
Kutentha
Ma orchid onse amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu kutengera kutentha kwa boma:
- mbewu zokonda kuzizira. Maluwa awa amachokera kumapiri kapena kuchokera kumadera omwe kuli nyengo yotentha, amaphatikiza mitundu, Lelia ndi Paphiopedilums komanso dendrobiums aku Australia. Kutentha kwambiri pazomera zonsezi ndi nthawi yachilimwe - 21 gr., Ndipo nthawi yozizira - 13-14 gr .;
- maluwa akutentha. Mitunduyi imamera m'dera lapakati pamapiri otentha, ndipo odontoglossums ndi miltonia ndi amodzi mwa maluwa amenewa. Maluwa ayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Kutentha kwa nthawi ya chilimwe kumayenera kukhala 19-23 gr. Kwa iwo, ndi nthawi yachisanu yozizira - 13-14 gr .;
- mbewu za thermophilic. Maluwa amachokera kumapiri ndi nkhalango zam'madera otentha, ndipo mitundu ina ya ng'ombe, ma phalaenopsis, ndi dendrobiums akuphatikizidwa pano. Mitundu iyi imafuna malo ofunda, chifukwa kutentha kwa masana mu chilimwe kuyenera kukhala magalamu 16-33 kwa iwo, ndipo kutentha kwausiku mu dzinja kumayenera kukhala magalamu 16-19. Kutsitsa kwatsiku ndi tsiku sikofunikira kuposa 3-5 gr.
Mokulira, mutha kuwona kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma orchid omwe akukula m'miphika yanu kunyumba amatha kumva kutentha kwambiri pa magalamu 19-26, masana ndi 14-25 magalamu. usiku.
Kuthirira
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'chilengedwe, gawo lalikulu la maluwa amenewa silipezeka konse m'madzi, chifukwa mizu yake simalimbana ndi chinyezi. Koma mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi madzi ake othirira. Mwachitsanzo, Phalaenopsis ndi Paphiopedilium amakonda dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse, ndipo Oncidium ndi Dendrobium amafunika dothi louma ndipo amangofunika kuthiriridwa nthaka ikamuma.
Koma, mokulira, ma orchid onse amakhala opirira kwambiri kuti apume kuposa kuphwera kwamadzi. Kuthirira kwambiri kumafunikira pokhapokha ngati mutulutse miyendo, maluwa komanso kukula kwamphamvu. Ngati pali kuchepa kwa madzi, ndiye kuti mudzazindikira za izi: masamba a chomeracho makwinya ndi pseudobulbs. Ngati pali chinyezi chochulukirapo, masamba amatha kunyowa ndi chikasu, ndipo mizu yake imavunda.
M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala kozizira komanso kuwala pang'ono, simukufunika kuthirira orchid kwambiri, ndipo chomera sichifunikira madzi ambiri mutatha maluwa mkati mwa dormancy.
Kusamalira koyenera kumakhala kuthirira duwa ndi madzi ofewa. Zabwino kwambiri chifukwa mvula ndi madzi osungunuka. Mutha kuthirira mbewuyo ndi madzi osavuta owiritsa. M'chilimwe, thirirani madzi kawiri pa sabata, mutayanika pansi lapansi, komanso nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa - katatu pa sabata. Onani ngati pseudobulb watunduka; ngati vuto limakhalapo, duwa limafunikira madzi.
Kuthirira duwa kumakhala kuyika mbewu mumphika mu chidebe ndi madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 10 kapena kuthirira kwambiri orchid ndi madzi osamba. M'mapeto ake, dziko lapansi ndi lonyowa kokwanira, ndipo madzi amatuluka m'maenje okuya. Mukathirira, gwiritsani mbewuyo pa gridi yapadera, ndiye kuti madzi onse atuluka, ndikuyika poto wokongoletsa.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Duwa limasowa nyambo pokhapokha pakukula kwake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza manyowa kamodzi pamasabata awiri ndi atatu. Kwa izi, zowonjezera zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - Bon Forte, Pocon kapena Greenworld.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka komwe kwasonyezedwa papaketi ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira.
Maluwa amenewa sakonda kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere m'nthaka ndipo mwina sangauleke nawo. Chifukwa ndikofunikira panthawi ya feteleza kuyeretsa gawo lapansi ndi madzi oyera, kumwetsa kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kamodzi pa sabata. Osagula nyambo yomwe inakonzedwera maluwa ena, osadyetsa maluwa nthawi yozizira komanso panthawi yopuma.
Akatswiri ambiri amatsutsa nyambo yomwe amapezeka pafupipafupi. Amati feteleza wambiri nthawi zambiri amachepetsa chitetezo cha mbewu, chifukwa imayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, sizoyenera kuthira orchid konse, chifukwa chomera chimalandira zonse zofunikira kuchokera ku gawo lapansi, koma lamulo ili limangogwira ntchito pamene gawo lapansi limasinthidwa zaka zingapo zilizonse.
Kodi maluwa amaoneka bwanji?
Ngati mukudziwa mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha orchid, ndiye kuti mutha kufalitsa zomwe mukufuna. Kubeleranso kwa mbewuyi kumachitika mosiyanasiyana, tidzakambirana zambiri mwatsatanetsatane.
Kubalana ndi "ana"
"Ana" ndi mbewu zazing'ono. Mphukira zam'mbalizi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa m'maluwa omwe amakhala ndi nitrogen yambiri. Ngati mungazindikire "ana", ndiye yeserani kupopera mbewuzo pafupipafupi ndikudikira mpaka atakula ndikupereka mizu. Kenako mutha kupatula maluwa atsopano, kuthana ndi makala ndi kubereka mosiyana.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Njira iyi yoberekera imakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyala, zigawozi zimapezeka m'maluwa omvera. Air ana zambiri amapezeka mu mphukira okhala cylindrical kapena elongated unakhuthala mphukira.
Pankhaniyi mudzafunika wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda wa tsinde. Itha kupangidwa kuchokera ku chidebe chaching'ono cha pulasitiki ndipo chodulidwa chitha kupangidwa kumbali. Kenako nyowetsani moss ndikudikirira impso kuti zigone.
Mphukira yopanda chopanda, yomwe ili mozungulira potentha, iyenera kukhala yothira nthawi zonse ndikuwotha. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, masamba ogona "adzuka", ndipo tchire tating'ono tokhala ndi mizu ndi masamba timaphukira.
Mukapanga mizu, ma orchid ang'onoang'ono ayenera kupatulidwa mosamala ndi nthambi ya amayi, mutatha kukonza, mutha kuyambiranso mumphika wochepa. Asungeni m'malo obiriwira kwakanthawi kochepa.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Mwanjira imeneyi, ndikothekera kufalitsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya maluwa. Chitsulo cha mbewu chimangofunika kugawanitsa, ndikusiya ma pseudobulbs angapo pachilichonse. Koma njira yolera iyi ndioyenera pokhapokha ngati maluwa akukula kwambiri.
Chotsani duwa mumphika, kenako pang'anani nthaka ndi mizu mosamala. Dulani mizu ndikudula ubweya wa m'munda, mababu angapo azikhala mbali iliyonse. Pkuwaza mabala ndi makala, dzalani zidutswa zonse za duwa padera. Ngati chikuwoneka ndi orchid, momwe mungasamalire pankhaniyi, ndiye kuti zonse ndizosavuta. Azilote tsiku lililonse, kuthirira maluwa pang'ono mpaka masamba atsopano kapena mphukira. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti mbewuyo idazika mizu.
Kusamalira nthawi ya maluwa ndi pambuyo pake
Anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi momwe angasamalire mbewu nthawi ya maluwa. Zosamalidwa panthawiyi ndi:
- ndibwino kukweza kutentha usiku ndi madigiri 5;
- Kutulutsa maluwa kumafuna kuthirira kokwanira. Ndikofunika kuthirira chomera pansi pa bafa lotentha, ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala 35 g., Mukatha kuthirira, chotsani chinyezi pamalo okukula, apo ayi uvunda;
- panthawiyi, duwa ayenera kuvala pamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera yemwe amapangidwira makamaka kwa ma orchid, koma simungathe kuthana ndi duwa;
- maluwa, simungathe kufalitsa maluwa, apo ayi mbewuyo imataya maluwa ndi maluwa onse.
Ngati mukufuna kuti maluwa atulutsa maluwa nthawi yayitali - musakonzenso chomeracho.
Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa atatha, ndipo peduncle idachita khungu ndikumauma, iyenera kudulidwa pansi pazachikacho ndikuchichotsa. Pambuyo maluwa, nyambo imachepetsedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi, ndibwino kupopera maluwa nthawi zingapo ndi madzi.
Dziwani kuti ngati chomera chikufunika kumuwonjezera, sichimachita maluwa ndipo maluwa amakamasanso - asintha malo osungirako mphikawo, akonzanso malo ena.
Ngati maluwa atatha kudziwa kuti duwa lanyota ndi masamba achikasu, ndipo lilibe kutulutsa duwa, pitaninso mumalo mupite kumalo ena. Kenako mbewuyo imaphuka mosalekeza.
Tikukhulupirira kuti zidziwitso zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizothandiza kwa inu, ndipo tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire ma orchid kunyumba ndipo ngati zonse zili zolondola, chomera chokongola ichi chimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa. Popeza maluwa ndi nthawi yomwe amakonda kwambiri pamoyo wa aliyense wokonda maluwa.
