Duwa losalala komanso labwino kwambiri ndilokongoletsa dimba lililonse ndipo silabwino kwenikweni monga likuwonekera. Ngakhale kukhala ku Siberia, mutha kukula bwino gladioli, kutsatira malamulo obzala ndi chisamaliro.
Gladioli mwachidule
Gladiolus (fennel) ndi chomera chamuyaya cha banja lachi iris. Zoyimira zapamwamba kwambiri zimafikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa masewera - kuyambira oyera-oyera mpaka pafupifupi wakuda, kuphatikizapo mithunzi yoyera. Imakula bwino ndipo imaphuka m'malo otentha. Chomera chimafalikira ndi ma corms. Anyezi wapachaka wobzalidwa masika nthawi yamnyengo amakhala wopanda zonse ndikufa. Pamalo ano, mpaka mababu atatu olowa ndi ana aang'ono amapangidwa.
Pakulima kwa gladioli ku Siberia, mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yoyambira kapena yayitali maluwa ndiyoyenera kuti mababu apse.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi kwa gladioli
Malo abwino kwambiri pamalowo adzakhala malo dzuwa kum'mwera, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira komanso osasunthika ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Kutetezedwa bwino kumphepo kumatha kukhala mpanda, khoma la nyumba kapena trellis yokhala ndi mbewu zokwera. Maluwa sangathe kuyimirira madambo otentha. Ngati malowa ndi otsika, pansi pa gladioli muyenera kupanga bedi lokwera ndi ngalande. Kukonzekera kwa chirimwe kwa gladioli kubzala ku Siberia kumayambira kumapeto. Kukumba malo osankhidwa, kumasula namsongole, ndi kuwonjezera feteleza:
- phosphoric, potashi,
- phulusa
- manyowa kapena manyowa.
Kwa dothi lolemera, mchenga uyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Feteleza zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama, popeza mizu ya gladioli imapanga timiyala tiwiri ndikuyenda masentimita 30 mpaka 40.
Kukonzekera kwa corm cham'mera ndi kumera
Nthawi yodzala gladioli ku Siberia imatha kusintha malinga ndi dera lanu komanso dera lanu. Muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kutentha kwa dothi. Pofika nthawi yobzala, iyenera kupukuta ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri 10-15. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'mwezi woyamba wa Meyi.
Patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti tsiku lobzala lifike, mababu ayenera kukonzekera:
- kutuluka mu malo osungirako ndi kuyeretsa kuchokera ku zipolopolo zowuma;
- pendani mosamala ndi kutaya youma ndi odwala;
- kuchitira mababu ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndi mankhwala ena alionse antifungal - Maxim, Fundazol;
- kutulutsa maluwa koyambirira, mutha kuyambitsa mababu mu zomwe zimakulitsa - Epin, Energen.
Mababu a gladioli akapukutika, amatha kuyamba kumera. Ku Siberia, njirayi ithandizanso kukwaniritsa kale maluwa komanso kusasitsa bwino kubzala zinthu. Pakumera, chipinda chofunda, chowala chokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa ndichabwino. Tubers anagona pansi chimodzi. M'masiku 10-15, kuthawa kuyenera kuwonekera.
Ngati palibe mphukira yomwe imawoneka m'masabata awiri, kubzala zofunikira kubzala sikoyenera.
Momwe mungakulire mbande za gladioli
Ngati mitunduyo siyikhala yosiyana ndi maluwa oyambirira, duwa limatha kubzala ndi mmera. Ku Siberia, ndikofunikira kuti gladioli imere kumera kwa mbande kumapeto kwa dzinja, panthawi yomwe kubzala tsabola ndi biringanya nthawi zambiri kumayamba. Mukatha kukonzekera, ma tubers amabzalidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi lotalika masentimita 1-1.5. Nthaka imasungidwa mosalala. Mabokosi amaikidwa m'malo otentha. Panthawi yobzala, mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba ndi masamba angapo.
Tikukula gladioli munthaka
Kubzala kwa nyengo ya masika gladioli pang'onopang'ono ku Siberia kumayenderana ndi nthawi yomwe dothi limatentha mpaka madigiri 8-10 ndipo sipadzakhala mwayi wozizira usiku.
Kusintha mababu ndi ana omwe anakumba mu kugwa ndi koyenera kubzala. Mutha kubzala gladiolus mu mizere kapena kubzala m'maluwa. Mababu amayikidwa pamchenga wowuma pang'ono, mpaka akuya masentimita 5-8, mtunda pakati pawo pamzere uyenera kukhala 10-15 cm, ndipo pakati pa mizere - 25-30. Ana amabzalidwa mozama masentimita 3-4, ndikupanga mipata ya 2-3 cm. Mutabzala, zitsime zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Zodzikongoletsera mu ana ziyenera kudulidwa kuti zipeze ndalama zambiri pakugulitsidwa.
Chisamaliro cha Gladiolus
Kubzala moyenera komanso kusamalira bwino gladioli kuthandizira kukula kwamphamvu komanso maluwa ochulukirapo ngakhale mu nyengo zazikulu za Siberia.
Mbande zisanatuluke, tubers tiyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono komanso mosamala kuti nthaka isiye. Utaphukira woyamba ukawonekera, kuthirira kumachuluka. Ndikwabwino kuthilira pansi pa muzu, koma m'mipanda yapafupi. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa maluwawo imamasulidwa nthawi zonse kuti mpweya udze mu mizu, ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa ma peduncles, mitundu yayitali ndiyofunika kumangirizidwa ndi zikhomo.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Gladioli imatha kutenga matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Imachepetsa mwayi wa matenda oyamba ndi fungal kukonza koyenera kubzala, kusamalira bwino komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mbewu. Zitsanzo zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'mundamo ndi mtanda wapadziko lapansi, malowa azikhetsedwa ndi fungicon iliyonse, ndikothiridwa ndi tchire lathanzi labwino.
Kuyambira maulendo, chithandizo ndi mankhwala monga Decis, Iskra, Actellik, Fufanon amathandiza.
Kupewa matenda kumakhala kuthirira pang'ono, kubzala kosakhala bwino komanso kuchotsa udzu.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zinthu zodzala
Mababu ndi ana amatengedwa kuti asungidwe kugwa, isanayambe chisanu. Amakhulupirira kuti amapsa bwino patatha masiku 35 maluwa atamasulidwa. Zomera zimakumbidwa bwino ndi fosholo kapena pitchfork, kusamala kuti zisawononge. Mukakumba, muyenera kugwedeza pansi ndikudula tsinde. Pambuyo pa izi, tubers anayikidwa kuti ziume.
Mchipinda chogona amatha kusungidwa mufiriji, wokutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za manyuzipepala ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Mu phukusi muyenera kupanga mabowo kuti mpweya wabwino. Komanso, zinthu zobzala zitha kusungidwa m'chipinda chouma komanso choyera.
Chifukwa chake, pakuwona malamulo osavuta awa a kubzala ndi kusamalira, ngakhale ku Siberia, gladioli imatha kudulidwa. Mitundu ingapo yoyambilira ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana amasangalatsa mlimi waluso kwa chilimwe chochuluka.
