Kuletsa khansa ya bacteria

Mwa zina mwa matenda osatha a mbewu zosatha (mphesa, zipatso, zipatso, maluwa, ndi zina), khansa ya bakiteriya ndiowopsa kwambiri, ndikuwononga kwambiri chuma cha minda. Matendawa ndiofala m'madera onse a Moldova, pomwe mphesa, zipatso zam'munda zimalimidwa. Kukula kwa mapangidwe a chotupa ndikokulira m'malo amenewo pomwe mbewu nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi kutentha kochepa nyengo yozizira kapena nthawi yachisanu, komanso matalala, m'malo ovulala (chisanu ndi kuphedwa kwamatalala, kuwombana kwa periderm pakupanga mizu, kuwonongeka kwamakina pamakono ndi ma boles).

Wothandizira wa khansa ya mabakiteriya ndi mtundu wa pathogenic wa genus Agrobacterium, ndodo yooneka ngati gram-negative bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, yomwe, ikalowa malo a mabala, imalowa m'matumbo ndikuyenda ponse pompanda. Ngoziyi imachitika chifukwa chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a pathogen titha kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali m'matumba a mbewu mu mawonekedwe obisika (latent) popanda zotupa pamtunda wa nthaka (zipatso ndi mabulosi) ndi magawo omwe ali pamwamba pa mphesa (mphesa).

Kukhazikika kwa zotupa m'mphesa zimagwirizana ndi nthawi "yolira" tchire, pamene kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya okhala ndi matenda alowera m'malo ovulala. Gawo lalikulu la iwo limagwera m'nthaka. Ngati mulibe tizilomboti m'matumba a chomera, ndiye kuti sichingalowe mu dothi, popeza bacterium siipanga mawonekedwe ndipo sangatengeke kudzera mumlengalenga.

Popita nthawi, chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimapanga ma enzymes a bakiteriya ndi maselo a chomera, gawo la jini la bakiteriya - la Ti plasmid - limayikidwa mu chromosome ya cell cell, yomwe imayamba kugawikana molingana ndi mtundu wa kukula kwa chotupa. Chomera chodwala chikayamba kudwala. Tumors ndizotsatira zamatenda ndipo, monga lamulo, amapanga zaka 1-3 mutabzala mbewu pamalo osatha.

Bakiteriya woyambitsa khansa amangokhala ndi chomera chokhacho ndi chomera, popeza amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi zina za zinthu zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimapezeka mu zomerazi zokha kuti zizitha kubereka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sapezeka popanda zinyalala m'nthaka. Ndi mizu yamavuto, imatha kusunthira kumtunda.

Palibe mitundu ya mphesa yogonjetsedwa ndi khansa ya bacteria. Pochita zodzitetezera, palibe mankhwala omwe ali ndi bactericidal omwe amatha kulowa mkati mwazomera popanda zotsatira za phytotoxic. Mpaka pano, palibe njira ndi njira zomwe zidapangidwira kuthana ndi khansa ya mabakiteriya chifukwa cha phytotoxicity ya mankhwala opezeka kale.

Njira zamakono zamakina a biology zimapangitsa kuthana ndi vuto la kupewa komanso kulepheretsa mapangidwe a chotupa pa chifuwa cha khansa. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi mankhwala obadwa nawo paurin, opangidwa pamaziko a bacterusum ya nthaka-saprophytic ya mtundu wa Pseudomonas, wopatulidwa ndi anthu achilengedwe achilengedwe. Zogulitsa za kagayidwe kake zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyambitsa matenda ndi antitumor popanda zotsatira za phytotoxic pokhudzana ndi chomeracho. Mankhwala Paurin alibe zowononga chilengedwe, alibe vuto kwa anthu, nyama, tizilombo.

Kubzala mabakiteriya a m'munsi mwa kudula, mizu ya mbande imathandizira kubwezeretsanso kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana mu mbewu ya mbewuyo - omana ndi khansa yothandizira khansa, yomwe imalepheretsa matenda kudwala kapena kutukuka kwa ma systemic (kuchokera kumitsempha yamagazi), matenda oyamba kale (omwe kale sanali).