Njira zachilendo zokulitsa mbatata, mwachitsanzo, m'matumba, m'mapanga akulu kapena pansi pa udzu, posachedwapa zadziwika kwambiri kwa olima nyumba. Koma ngati mungaganizire izi, ambiri mdera lawo adayang'ana momwe tuber yomwe idalowa mumtsuko wokhala ndi kompositi sinangopatsa mphukira yabwino, komanso ma tubers. M'malo otentha bwino, opatsa thanzi, komanso otentha kwenikweni, mbewuyo imapereka zokolola zochepa ngakhale.
M'malo mwake, mfundo yakubzala mbatata m'mbale ndi zina zotengera zomwe sizingakhale zachitsulo, pulasitiki kapena matabwa, ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo iyi. Zofunikira zazikulu ndikuti mbiya ndi yayitali kuposa 30 cm, chinyezi ndi mpweya zimaperekedwa ku mizu yambiri, ndipo nthaka ndiyotayirira komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Kukonzekera kubzala mbatata
Chidebe choyenerera chikapezeka, musathamangire kukamatera. Musanalowe mbatata m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pansi kuchokera mbiya kapena kukumba maenje ochuluka okwanira mmatimo. Palibe vuto ngati, pamaluso apamwamba, mafuta ofananizira ofanana amawonekera pamakoma am'mbali.
Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuchotsa chinyezi chambiri, ndipo mpweya umalowa mizu ya mbewu. Pankhani ya mbatata, izi ndizofunikira kawiri konse, popeza mizu sinali yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo katundu pa iyo ndi wamkulu.
Tekinoloje yokulira mbatata mu mbiya imatanthawuza kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobzala, kenaka tubers zopangidwa mu thanki, ndizambiri. Kotero kuti wosamalira dimba atha kuyendetsa bwino chinyezi ndi mpweya:
- payipi yodzikongoletsa kapena chitoliro cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi mabatani kumtunda wa 20cm kuchokera kwinakwake, chimayikidwa mgulu lalitali, chokhazikika pansi.
- malo otseguka, omwe atabzala, atatha kuthirira, kudyetsa mbatata ya mbatata, kumatulutsidwa.
Ngati mungalumikizitse compressor kapena pampu pa dzenje, dothi lomwe lili mumbalowo limakhala lodzala ndi mpweya. Njira yothirira mizu yothirira madzi ithandizanso kugwirizanitsa nthaka pansi pa mbatata.
Kubzala mbatata mu mbiya ndi chisamaliro chomera
Mbatata zomwe zili mbiya sizingachite popanda dothi labwino. Pachikhalidwe ichi, nthaka yopangidwa ndi kompositi yopangidwa ndi kompositi kapena chowunda cha humus ndi dimba wamba laundawo ndioyenera.
Popeza zakonzedwa kuti zikalime pang'ono pokhazikitsa pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti tizirombo owopsa mbatata asapezeke mu mbiya limodzi ndi dothi. Chifukwa chake, dothi kuti lisalole tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake:
- pre-calcated kapena steamed;
- isanafike yophukira, amasankhidwa ndi mankhwala.
M'dzinja, pamene nthaka yokulitsa mbatata mu mbiya ikungokonzekera, osakaniza ammonium nitrate kapena urea, wapawiri wa superphosphate, potaziyamu ndi phulusa. M'madothi amchenga omwe ali osakwanira mu magnesium, ufa wake wa sulfate ndi dolomite amawonjezeredwa. Kenako mbiya imayikiratu pamalo ake ndikuikapo dothi ndikutsanulira pansi ndikuyala masentimita 10 mpaka 15.Kutsamira pansi, ikani mbewu zopukutira kapena zidutswa ndi maso owaswa, ndikudzaza mbatata ndi masentimita khumi osakanizidwa.
Zikamera zikamera pamwamba pa nthaka ndi masentimita 2-3, zimayenera kukonkhedwanso ndi dothi. Ngati simukulola kuti chomera chiziphuka masamba, mbatata imatsogolera zoyesayesa zonse zakukula kwa mizu ndi stolon zatsopano, zomwe timadzuwa tidzaonekera. Njira yowonjezera dothi imabwerezedwa mpaka mbiya imadzazidwa pa mita imodzi. Sikoyenera kuchita dothi lapansi pamwambapa. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo, mbewu sizingakhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupanga ma tubers apamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mizu.
Nthawi yonseyi, dothi limathiriridwa madzi mokwanira, kupewa kupukuta, womwe pang'onopang'ono thanki yaying'ono ndiyowopsa komanso yowopsa kubzala mbatata.
Feteleza wa mbatata mukamakula mbiya
Mbatata, makamaka mbiya, pomwe zakudya za m'nthaka zimatha msanga, zikufunika kwambiri feteleza wa michere ndi michere.
Monga feteleza wa mbatata nthawi yobzala:
- manyowa, pachikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbeu;
- feteleza wophatikizira am'munda uno;
- chisakanizo cha magawo atatu a peat yoyera ndi manyowa;
- masiku atatu kapena anayi infusions wa manyowa obiriwira.
Zikamera zikamera masentimita 10-12, mbewuzo zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potashi ndi nayitrogeni. Mukakulitsa mbatata mu mbiya ya feteleza, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amadzimadzi muyezo wa malita 1-2 pach chitsamba chilichonse.
Ngati mbatata zimadyetsedwa ndi urea, dolomite kapena ufa wa laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwetse nthaka yosagonjetseka. Zotsatira zabwino zochokera ku feteleza ntchito ziyenera kuyembekezedwa ndi madzi okwanira okha.
Mitundu yoyambirira imadyetsedwa kamodzi, ndipo mbatata zakupsa zimafunikira mavalidwe awiri apamwamba. Ndikosatheka kuphatikiza feteleza wa nayitrogeni mukabzala mbatata m'mabapu, popeza nitrogen yambiri ikhoza kudziunjikira mu tubers mwa ma nitrate, omwe amakhudza mtundu wa mbewu, kukana kwa nkhanambo ndi kusungirako. Ngati urea kapena wothandizira wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba, ndibwino kuphatikiza ndi feteleza wa potashi wa mbatata mutabzala mbiya.
Pomaliza maluwa, mbewu zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza okhala ndi phosphorous. Katunduyu amalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa michere kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku ma tubers.
Zabwino zakukula mbatata m'mbale
Kutsatira malamulo a kubzala, kuthirira ndi mavalidwe apamwamba kumapatsa nyakulayo zipatso zochuluka zaubwinobwino.
- Iwo, chifukwa chotenthetsera bwino komanso kuyenda kwa chinyezi, adzakhala okonzeka kuyeretsa kale kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zamakono.
- Kuphatikiza apo, kubzala mbatata m'mbale zotchinga kumathetsa kufunika kwokhalira kupalira komanso kulima mbande.
- Tchire silowonongeka ndi tizirombo ta dothi, ndipo simuyenera kuopa matenda ambiri azikhalidwezo.
Mukakonzanso, dothi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Mbewu ya mbatata ikachotsedwa, mbiya imabzalidwa ndi manyowa obiriwira, ndipo pakugwa kumagwiritsa ntchito michere ndi michere ina.
