Manettia waku banja la madder adawonekeranso mchipinda chachipinda. Chomera chokongola chokongoletsera komanso chopatsa maluwa moyenerera chimayamba kukhala malo otsogolera pakukongoletsa kwa zipinda zamunthu, minda yozizira, ndi ngodya zopumira. Wobzala wokongola, wothandizira, wokhala ndi mpesa wokongola bwino mumphika wa tebulo, khoma lamoyo muofesi - zosankha zakugwiritsa ntchito duwa losazolowere chipinda chamkati.
Makhalidwe Abanja
Gawo logawika la banja la madder limakhudza ma kontrakitala onse asanu ndipo limayimiriridwa ndi mbewu zamagulu osiyanasiyana - zamankhwala, zipatso, zamaluwa, zokongoletsera komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsa mitengo, zitsamba, mipesa ndi zitsamba, mpaka namsongole. Madera ambiri agawikirako athandiza banjali kuti lizolowera kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Marens amakhala m'madongosolo onse (kuyambira) pamtunda udzu kupita patali. Amapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi: m'malo otentha, madera otentha, madera otentha komanso mayiko ozizira a mayiko ena.
Manettia.
Pakati pa madder pali ma entomophytes wamba, okhala ndi mtundu wowala wa maluwa, timadzi tokoma kwambiri komanso fungo labwino. Maluwa awo amatha kupukutidwa ndi agulugufe, njuchi, njuchi, koma pali mbewu zomwe zimabisa timadzi tating'onoting'ono pansi pa maluwa ataliitali ngati maluwa a patosc. Ichi kwenikweni ndi gulu la lamba wam'malo otentha omwe amapukutidwa ndi mileme, tizilombo tambiri ta maluwa tambiri, kapena zovala za hummingb. Zomera zachilendo kwambiri m'banjali manettia, yowonetsedwa mu chipinda chamawonekedwe ali ndi gawo limodzi lotchedwa manettia wokhala ndi magazi kapena manettia awiri.
Zachilengedwe za manettia
Malo obadwira manettia ndi malo ocheperako okhala ku South America. Pomenyera nkhondo yopulumuka pansi pa nthango yopanda chinyezi, chitsamba chotsika chimamera nthawi yayitali ndikukhala mpesa wamtchire, kumawunikira. Motere, manettia adapanga chida chakukula msanga ndipo amatha kukula mpaka mamita 5-8 mchaka, atakulunga ndi chithandizo. Mu chikhalidwe cham'chipinda, kukula kwake kumangokhala pang'onopang'ono ndikudulira.
Swollen manettia ndi mpesa wosatha wobiriwira, womwe mkati mwake umatha kutalika 1.5 m. M'maluwa amkati, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chachikulu chamaluwa. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, opatsa siliva woyipa pansi pa kuwala. Pa mpesa, iwo akutsutsana ndi petioles lalifupi, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena otambalala kwambiri mpaka 4-10 cm. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali - kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Okutobala. Maluwa ndi amodzi, tubular, 2-3 cm kutalika. Chithumwa chapadera chamaluwa chimaperekedwa ndi ma pubescence okhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Pa maluwa, ma corolla petals, ofiira ofiira kapena ofiira owala bwino, akula mpaka kukhala chubu chofuka pang'ono pansi. Pamwamba pa duwa, nsonga zaulere za petals zimasintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu owoneka bwino, pomwe mbewuyo idatchedwa dzina lachiwiri, manettia a mitundu iwiri.
Manettia.
Zinthu zosamalira manettia kunyumba
Malo Amkati
Zomera za grassy zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ambiri nthawi zonse zimafuna kuyatsa kwakukuru. Mannitium yatupa, ngakhale kuti nyengo yachilengedwe imamera pansi pa mtengo, imafalikira kwamtambo ndi kuwala kochepa kwam'mawa ndikuwala koma kowala masana. Ndi wopanda kuwala, amapanga maluwa ang'onoang'ono, achikuda. Ndi kuwala kochulukirapo, masamba amataya kukongola kwake, amatembenuka ndipo nthawi zambiri amachoka. Kuti kukula kwabwinobwino komanso kakulidwe, manettium nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mzipinda zoyala bwino, kuphimba nthawi ya nkhomaliro kuchokera kuwera mwachindunji.
Kufunika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya
Kutentha kwakukulu pakupanga ndi kutukuka kwa mannitium ndi 22-26 ºº, okwera akukhumudwitsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimayenera kuchotsedwa pamabatire otentha ndikupereka mawonekedwe ozizira okhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mumtunda wa 15-16 ºС, osatsika kuposa +12 ºº.
Kufunika kwadothi
Zosakanikirana pamtunda zokhala ndi malaya ziyenera kukhala zotayirira kwambiri, zopepuka, zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, acidic pang'ono (pH = 5-5.5).
Gawo laling'ono limakonzedwa kuchokera 50% ya nthaka ya heather ndi 50% zowonjezera zamitundu ina. Ngati heather palibe pafupi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya m'nkhalango ya paini. Chotsani pamwamba masentimita 5-8, onyansa ndikuwonjezera chisakanizo chophatikizidwa ndi 1 mchenga ndi mbali ziwiri zamtundu wa peat, peat ndi sheet land. Magawo onse amakhala osakanikirana bwino ndi kuphatikiza feteleza wa organic (humus) pamlingo wa 15-20% ya kulemera kwa nthaka kosakaniza. Humus ndikofunikira kuwonjezera friability, madzi ndi mpweya mpweya. Pokhapokha ngati mungathe kudzikonzekeretsa kwa gawo lapansi, mutha kugula okonzeka m'sitolo (zomwe zimapangidwa kwa geraniums). Kukongola kwa gawo lapansi posamalira manettia kumasungidwa ndikuthothoka mosalekeza pambuyo kuthirira.
Manettia Kuthirira
Manettium yatupa ngati nthumwi ya malo okhala chinyezi, kupanga misa yayikulu pamwambapa, ndipo imafunikira kuthirira yambiri. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse (osati lonyowa) mkati mwa thankiyo. Kutsirira kwina kumachitika mukadzaza dothi lokwanira masentimita 3-5 M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira osowa kwambiri ndi zolimbitsa bwino kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 10. Thirani mtsinje wowonda m'mphepete mwa thanki mpaka madzi atatuluka. Maola 0,5 mutatha kuthirira, madzi ochokera poto amatsitsidwa. Zomera sizilekerera kuyanika kunja komanso kusokonekera kwambiri kwa matope. Pakathirira gwiritsani ntchito madzi osamalika bwino, osasefedwa bwino, ofewa, ofunda. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira a chlorated kumabweretsa matenda komanso ngakhale kufa kwa mbewu.
Manettia.
Manettia amakonda chinyezi cha mpweya, makamaka kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbewu ziyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse kawiri pa sabata. Kuphatikiza apo, zotengera zomwe zimakhala ndi mbeu zimayikidwa pamatayala ndi dongo lonyowa. Wokhala wonyowa nthawi zonse, uthandizira kupanga microclimate yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zomera zomwe zili m'miphika zimayenera kutsitsidwa sabata iliyonse mu chidebe chamadzi kwa maola 0,5.
Kudyetsa Manettia
Manettia amadyetsedwa munthawi yogwira komanso kukula (March-Seputembala) ndi feteleza wamaluwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri akutsirira. Mulingo wothira feteleza umachepera. Kuledzera kumabweretsa kuchepa pakukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo. Maminolo feteleza osinthana ndi organic. Pafupifupi supuni imodzi ya manyowa amakono, yomwe ingagulidwe ku malo ogulitsira maluwa, imabweretsedwa pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa Manettia
Manettia sikuti ndi wa zaka zana limodzi ndipo amafunikira kupangidwanso mosinthana ndi mbeu zina zatsopano. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimangomera kwambiri, ndipo zonama zakale zimataya kukongola, zimapindika pansi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi ana achichepere omwe amapezeka kuchokera kudula mizu kapena kufalikira kwa mbewu.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Pofesa mbewu, pamakhala mbale yaying'ono. Dothi lapansi lomwe limasakanikirana ndi peat ndi mchenga (1: 1) ndi wothira. Atabzala, amasunga chinyezi chambiri pamtunda wobiriwira mwa kupopera mpweya kudzera pa atomizer yabwino, ndipo matenthedwe amakhala + 23- + 25 * С. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mbande zimatuluka. Mbande zachikale zokhala ndi zaka 20 mpaka 20 zimadzimbira mumiphika ndi dothi losakaniza ndi masamba. Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kofala. Zomera zimadzalidwa kosatha pomwe nyambo ya padziko lapansi yolimbitsidwa ndi mizu.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Zomera zofunikira popanga manettia zitha kukolola kuyambira pa febru mpaka Epulo pomwe kudulira mipesa ndi tsinde kapena kudula apical.
- Zidula zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 8-10 cm.Dulani imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi pa masamba. Dulani masamba am'munsi ndikuyika musanabzalire kwa maola 1-2 mu yankho la muzu kapena china chothandizira.
- Konzani dothi losakaniza peat ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1.
- Tetezani mankhwala ndikuthira miphika. Sakani ngalande zabwino ndikuphimba gawo lapansi. Moisturize bwino (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lomwe zidutswazo zinali). Mumphika umodzi, zadula 2-4 zingabzalidwe.
- Zodulidwa zimaphimbidwa ndi chikwama chowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha pansi pake, koma kuwala kowala kwambiri. Sungani chinyezi mlengalenga ndi dothi pamlingo woyenera. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito Kutenthetsa nthaka. Zozizira zimatenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi 1.0-1.5.
Manettia.
Kugulitsa Manettia
Zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimamera m'miphika kapena maluwa miphika zimayikidwa pachaka chilichonse. Kutseka kumachitika maluwa asanadutse, pogwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanizika ndi mbeu zotere. Kuti maluwa ayambe kuthamanga, mphika ukamadzaza umangotenga 1 kukula zokulirapo. M'mikhalidwe yopapatiza chotere, manettium blooms amafulumira, kuyesera kudzipezera okha ana. Kuyika mbewu zachikulire kumachitika bwino mizu yophukira ikawonekera mumtsuko. Kubzala mbewu kungaphatikizidwe ndi kudulira kwapakatikati. Ndi bwino kuti musazule mbewu zokulira pazomera kapena phytostall, koma ingochikani ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi labwino.
Kutenga ndi kukonza mawonekedwe apamwamba
Manettia akhoza kuwumbidwa ngati chitsamba kapena wowumbira pa chithandizo. Monga thandizo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma arcs, ma grids, zokonda ndi zida zina. Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a chitsamba, kudulira kumachitika mchilimwe musanafike maluwa, kudula mphukira pakati ndikudina zopindika zomwe zakula nthawi yotentha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito manettia mkati
- Chikhalidwe chophatikizika chimawoneka bwino pamawindo akumwera chakumadzulo, kukopa chidwi ndi maluwa ambiri okongola pafupifupi chaka.
- Akakula mu chomera chometera, amapeza mbewu yabwino kwambiri, zikwapu zake, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi masamba okongola okhala ndi nyali zowala za maluwa, zimapereka chithunzithunzi chapadera.
- Phytowall imatha kupangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a ampel kapena kukweza mabodza pamathandizo othandizira. Phytowall ngati iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatulira ngodya ya sukulu kapena kompyuta mu chipinda.
Manettia.
Kutetezedwa kwa Manettia ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga mbewu zonse, manettia amakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizoletsedwa mu chikhalidwe chathu kuti titeteze kuwonongeka.
Mwa tizirombo, manettia nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthabwala ndi akangaude. Kwa mbewu zamkati, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda vuto kwa anthu ndi nyama, Fitoverm, Entobacterin.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za matendawa (zomera zowola, masamba ogwa ndi zina), mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Fitosporin", Alirin-B molumikizana ndi mankhwala "Gamair", "Spark-Bio". Kuti muteteze mbewu zamkati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zachilengedwe kuchokera mndandanda wazololedwa, womwe umasinthidwa chaka chilichonse ndikuwonjezeredwanso ndi njira zatsopano.
Zinthu zonse zolimbikitsidwa zakutchire zomwe zimateteza zomera zakunyumba ku tizirombo ndi matenda ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi kapena pazotsatira.
