Alternantera ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imatha kukopa chidwi cha munthu waluso kwambiri. Pokhala pansi pa madzi, imapanga mphamvu ngati lawi lamoto woyaka, lomwe limatuluka nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi.
Alternantera imatha kukongoletsa malo aliwonse pansi pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu, chochititsa chidwi ndi kuyika kwamadzi. Pali mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera osati ma aquariums okha, komanso matupi amadzi, awa ndi monga: Alternanthera sessilis, Alternanthera reineckii.
Poyamba, mitundu ya Alternanthera idawonekera ku Europe kumapeto kwa ma 1970, adatibweretsa kwa ife aku South America, pambuyo pake adayamba kutchuka kwambiri ndipo adayamba kudziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri am'madzi onse, kuchokera ku amateurs mpaka akatswiri.
Mitundu ya Alternanter ili ndi mitundu 200 ya mbewuzi. Amasiyana kwambiri. Pakati pawo pali mitundu ya pachaka komanso yamuyaya, mbewu zamtundu wamtchire ndi mitengo. Koma onsewa ndi olumikizidwa ndi kukakamiza kwa masamba obwera kapena osiyana. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka pakati pa madera otentha komanso achizungu padziko lonse lapansi.
Chomera cha Alternantera Aquarium
Ma Alternanthera inflorescence nthawi zambiri samadziwika kwambiri. Koma izi sizofunikira, chifukwa zokongola zonse, zokongola ndi zokongola za mbewuzi zimakhala m'manja awo okongola, owoneka bwino. Adachita chidwi ndi anthu kotero kuti mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikulimidwa ndi alimi a maluwa. Amakhala okhudzana ndi tsitsi lometera, motero mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Alternanterre imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kukongoletsa mapaki kapena minda, imakongoletsedwa ndimaluwa osiyanasiyana ndi makama amaluwa.
Mwachitsanzo, mitundu monga Alternanthera amoena (Lem) Voss ndi Alternanthera bettzickiana imadzitcha mawanga ofiira omwe amatsitsidwa ndi mitsempha yowala, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi mbewu zina za mtundu wobiriwira wamba. Mitundu yambiri imawelengedwa makamaka m'madzi am'madzi, akamakula bwino, ochulukana bwino m'madzi.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino, yotchuka kwambiri pamtunduwu pakati pa aquarists ndi: Alternanthera reineckii ndi Alternanthera sesilis.
Alternanthera reineckii
Alternanthera Reineckii
Mayiko otentha monga Paraguay ndi Brazil ndi kwawo kwa mitunduyi. Pamenepo amadziwika ngati chomera chamadzimadzi, chomwe chimatha kukula motalika komanso mosavomerezeka pamtunda, komanso chimatha kusintha moyo wamadzi. Mtunduwu udayamba kukhazikika pakati pa olima maluwa ngati zokongoletsera zovomerezeka zamadzimadzi zokongoletsera. M'chilengedwe chimamera m'malo omwe mwakhala madzi osefukira kwanthawi yayitali.
Kanema wachidziwitso pazinthu zina:
Imakhala ndi timiyala tokwawa, tomwe tikhala titakulirakulira, timatulutsa tsamba. Masamba amatulutsa mawonekedwe, wophatikizana, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino opanga masamba, ngakhale kukula kwake kwa masamba okha (kutalika pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndi 1 lonse). Amapaka utoto wofiirira, nthawi zina ndimatoto wapinki.
Nsonga za tsinde zimatuluka ndipo zimakwera pamwamba pamadzi - iyi ndi kawonedwe kazinthu kena ka Alternanthera, kamene kamaloleza kukhalabe ndi moyo nyengo zikasintha. Mutha kutsimikizira izi ndi dzanja lanu, muchepetse njira zowonongera pansi pa madzi. Masamba adzagwa.
Alternanthera mini Alternanthera reineckii Mini
Mukamapanga zokongoletsera za m'madzimo, Alternanter Reineck sayenera kubzala mwamphamvu, chifukwa ndi yosalimba. M'masanjidwe ocheperako, timitengo timafulumira kulowa pamadzi, ndikuyamba kusungunula masamba m'mlengalenga. Pakadali pano, mphamvu yamasamba omwe adatsalapo pamadzi amatayika, pomwe mbewuyo imatha kuchotsa ndikuwataya. Chifukwa chake, yang'anirani nthawi yomweyo kuti mutsine njira zomwe zimatsalira pamadzi panthawi, chifukwa mu mwezi umodzi amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 15. Kudina nthawi moyenera kumathandizanso kukulitsa nthambi za mitengo, zomwe zimapangitsanso mawonekedwe anu kukongoletsa.
Malo oyenera okulira Alternanthera m'malo am'madzi amakhala madzi othinana ndi 12 ° ndi kutentha mkati mwa 24-28 digiri Celsius, koma, pakuchepetsa kukula kwake, imatha kukhala m'madzi ozizira, mpaka madigiri 20. Mitundu ya PH siyenera kupatuka pa mfundo za 6.2-6.8. Chofunikira ndi kusefa bwino kwamadzi - pa sabata ndikofunikira kusintha mpaka 25% ya voliyumu yake yomwe ili mu aquarium.
Alternantera Reinek Mini
Alternantera Reineck ndiwochulukitsa kwambiri, motero zingakhale bwino kuonetsetsa kuti kupezeka kwa nyali zowala mu aquarium. Kukula ndi mtundu wa masamba a chomera zimatengera izi. Nyali za Fluorescent zomwe zimapanga kuwala kopanga ndi mphamvu mpaka 0,5 W / l ndizoyenera. Pamodzi ndi zojambulajambula, kuwalitsa dzuwa mwachindunji kudzakhala kopindulitsa. Tsikulo likuyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 12, osachepera.
Kapangidwe ka dothi, m'malo mwake, sikofunika kwambiri. Alternanthera Reineck amalandila michere yonse yofunikira kuchokera kumadzi. Monga gawo lapansi, mchenga ndi wangwiro, popeza malo oterewa ali ndi phindu labwino pakupanga mizu ya chomera. Kudyetsa ndi zosakanikirana za mchere sikungakhale kopanda pake. Kangapo pa mwezi mudzafunika kuwonjezera mchere munthawi ya 0,2 mg pa lita imodzi yamadzi.
Kufalikira kwa Alternanthera Reineck kumachitika modabwitsa. Zodulidwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zazikulu, zoyambira, kenako zimayikidwa pansi pamadzi. Pakapita nthawi, mizu yawo imaphukira, ndipo kenako zimabzalidwe m'nthaka.
Alternantera Reineka ndiwothekanso kulimidwa munjira zobiriwira. Kuti achite izi, akuyenera kupereka nyali zowala zazitali ndi dothi lonyowa lomwe lili ndi michere yambiri kuti athe kulipira kuchepa kwa madzi munthaka. Kutentha kokwanira kwambiri kwa zinthu zoterezi ndi madigiri 26-30 Celsius. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, Alternanter Reineck mu wowonjezera kutentha amakula zitsamba zobiriwira zamasamba owala.
Alternanthera sessile (Alternanthera sesilis) kukonza ndi chisamaliro
Alternanthera sessile Alternanthera sesilis
Mtunduwu wa Alternanterus amadziwika ndi kusungidwa kwa kusinthasintha kwazinthu zam'madzi pambuyo pa masamba am'munsi. Zitatha izi, Alternternera amapanga zitsamba zatsopano zokhala ndi zokongoletsera. Mtundu wa mbewuyo umatengera kuwunika kwake. Chifukwa chake, ndikuwunikira kokwanira, gawo lamunsi la pepalalo limapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino kapena wapinki, kumtunda kumakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
- Muzochita za shading ndi kuwala pang'ono, mitundu yawo imasinthira kukhala yayitali ndi mithunzi yofiirira, yomwe siyikuchokera pazokongoletsa za alternanthera, ngakhale utoto wowonda kwambiri.
- Kuti chomera chizika bwino mizu yatsopano m'madzi am'madzi, ndikofunikira kubzala m'nthaka mochulukirapo anthu akuluakulu, okhwima omwe ali ndi masamba olimba komanso masamba anayi osachepera.
- Mtundu uwu wa Alternanthera umaberekanso mwachangu pansi pa madzi, umamera m'mitengo yamphamvu yamatchire.
M'malo ochepa okhala, Alternanthera amangokhala nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa makhoma a thankiyo, amatenga mbewu 15 pamodzi. M'malo okhala ma volumetric, iwo amabzala malo opanda kanthu pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisumbu zazitali mpaka 30 lalikulu masentimita kukula.
Maganizo a malo okhala Alternanthera akuphatikiza ma subspecies awiri:
Alternanthera sessile Alternanthera sessilis var. lilacina
Loyamba ndi Alternanthera sessilis var. lilacina. Chomera chimatha kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, chimakhala makamaka pakati pa malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Imatha kusintha malo osiyanasiyana, pamtunda ndi pansi pa madzi. Mtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana umasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zobiriwira utoto wamtambo zimapezeka. Koma mwa anthu ena, masamba amawala kuchokera kumbali zonse ofiira owala.
Kupanga Alternantera yotere m'mizinda ya aquarium sikudzakhala kovuta. Nthata zazing'ono, zikafesedwa, mizu yake imangokhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo sufa. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira kuti madzi ndi mphamvu zakuwala, zimalekerera bwino mikhalidwe iliyonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa Alternanthera sessilis var. lilacina awonetsetse kukhazikika kwachilengedwe cham'madzi. Malo abwino angakhale madzi oyera opanda zitsamba ndi kuwerenga kwa pH koyerekeza za "7".
Sedentary maluwa Alternaterhera sessilis var. rubra
Masanjidwe achiwiri ndi Alternanthera sessilis var. rubra. Alternantera iyi imakhala pamwamba pamadzi. Imakula mwachangu kwambiri, mu sabata imatha kukula ndi masentimita 20 nthawi imodzi ndikutulutsa masamba ambiri. Mukadzala pansi pa madzi, nthambi za chomerazo ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la zomerazi zimasunthira pamwamba, pomwe zimayambiranso. Pazonse, amatha kukula mpaka 60 cm.
Masamba, komanso tsinde, ali ndi utoto wowala mbali zonse. Ma piligine amakhala osakhalitsa komanso opaka utoto wofiira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa masamba awiri. Komabe, kuti maluwa athe kuchitika, mbewuyo imayenera kupereka maola ambiri masana - mpaka maola 12 kapena kupitilira apo. Izi ndichifukwa chakunyumba kwa Alternanterra.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imamera m'malo otentha nthawi yotalikirapo maola 12 patsiku. Malo abwino kwambiri mu aquarium kapena dziwe lake ndi omwe angakhale pakati, pakati pa mbewu zokulirapo zobiriwira. Pansi pamadzi, imatha kuzika mizu mwachangu, koma kenako imakakamizidwa kuti ichepetse kukula kwake, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa mpaka miyezi 6.
- Zomera zikangoyamba kugwa pamasamba - ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kubzala mbande zatsopano.
- Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukulitse pasadakhale pogwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha pang'ono wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chosawongolera.
- Mu aquarium, pomwe amakonzekera kubzala anthu asanakhwime, madziwo ayenera kukhala acidic.
Alternanteri ndi chomera chokongola modabwitsa, chomwe chimatha kukongoletsa mozizwitsa nsomba zamadzimadzi kapena dziwe. Ndipo kusinthasintha kwawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtunduwu kumakupatsani mwayi wolima Alternanthera m'malo osiyanasiyana, kukongoletsa malo okhala ndi zimbudzi, kupangira zotulukapo pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya pansi pa madzi, komanso ndi mitundu yomwe yatenga mizu m'nthaka.
Alternenthera lilac Alternanthera lilacina
Alternanthera lilac wa m'madzimo
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewu zimapezeka m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi otsika, makamaka ku South America. Amangofunika madzi oyera ndi kuwala kosalunjika. Imalekerera kumiza kwathunthu, koma imakondabe kukwera pamwamba pa madzi.
Maluwa okongola amatha kuwona pamwamba pokhapokha, mu aquarium, zikumera sizifikira theka la mita kutalika. Imapeza chowala chowoneka chokhacho chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira wa kaboni m'madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, zovala zapadera zapadera zimachitika. Mtengowo uli ndi dzina lina: enther yotsatira ndi yayikulu komanso yotchuka kwambiri pakupanga kwamadzi.
