Kuberekera kubereka kwakhala chinthu chokongoletsa masiku ano. Zomera izi ndi mitundu ya Tolstyankovye, ndipo woimira wodziwika kwambiri ndi cactus, wokhala nthawi yayitali m'nyumba. Echeveria amadziwika kuti "maluwa." Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zamtunduwu zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yokomera anthu okhala pazenera komanso malo obiriwira.
Kufotokozera kwa echeveria
Kukhazikika kwa mbewuzi ndi malo onenepa a Mexico ndi South America. Masamba ake akuluakulu mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe amakhala chinyezi kwa anthu achi Aborigine. Dzinalo lidaperekedwa pagawoli polemekeza wojambulayo, wojambula m'mabuku onena za nyama ndi mbewu ku Mexico A. Egeveria.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zimadulidwa kapena ndi tsinde lalifupi. Kunyumba, kutengera kuwala, mutha kukula thunthu lalitali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tsamba kuchokera 3 mpaka 15 cm mulifupi ndi 25 cm kutalika limasunga nkhokwe zazikulu zamadzi ndipo, monga ma suppulents onse, lingachite popanda kuthirira kwa nthawi yayitali. Masamba a Echeveria amasinthidwa kuti azitentha komanso kuzizira. Amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wofiirira, nthawi yotentha imakhala yoyera, kunyezimira ndi dzuwa. Masamba amatha kupirira kuzirala pang'ono chifukwa cha bulangeti lotambalala pamwamba, lomwe limayamba kukula nthawi yachisanu.
Mitundu yamtunduwu wa zipatso zimathandizira nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma nthawi zambiri masika ndi chilimwe, chifukwa imafunikira kuunikira kwambiri nthawi ya maluwa. Pali mitundu yoposa 150 yazomera zamkati, ndipo nthawi zambiri zochepa ndizochepa zokha zomwe zimadulidwa, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kubereka.
Zina mwa izo ndi:
- Mkombero agave, pafupifupi yopanda tsinde ndi rosette yophatikizika ya masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana, yolozera pa maupangiri. Limamasula kumapeto kwa masika.
- Echeveria Derenberg imakhala ndi mphukira zokwawa, ndipo masamba amodzi amasonkhanitsidwa m'mitundu yofanana ndi spruce. Masamba ofunikira amakhala owumbika, mpaka 4 cm.
- Echeveria wachisomo ilibe tsinde; tsamba limawoneka ngati supuni, ovate yekha.
- Chimbudzi cha EcheveriaNdine amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino yoweta zakunyumba. Imakhala ndi masamba ndi masamba ambiri kutalika kwake, ndikuponya masentimita 30 sentimita.
- Echeveria ndi piloNdikuyimira shrub yotsika, yomwe masamba ake amakhala ofiira.
Chitsamba chilichonse cha anthu okonda maluwa chimakhala kulandiridwa.
Kusamalira nyumba ya Echeveria
Kuti chomera chikule bwino panyumba, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa kukonza zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo okhala:
- kuwunikira;
- kutentha m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe;
- kuthirira;
- feteleza;
- kapangidwe ka nthaka;
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zazikulu ndi matenda a mbewu. Chofunikira pakukula kwa mizu, njira zoberekera zamtunduwu wa othandizira.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mbewu ikhale bwino ndikuwunikira. Echeveria sachita mantha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ikhoza kukhala pazenera zonse kupatula kumpoto popanda kugwedezeka. Ndi magetsi osakwanira, maluwa sangathe kudikirira. Ngakhale pa nthawi yokumata, si mitundu yonse yomwe imafunika kusinthana. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimakondwera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, makonde otseguka kapena khonde. Mulimonsemo, pakhale maambulera pamwamba pa malo omwe othandizira amakula kuti ateteze masamba kuchokera kumtambo wosayembekezereka. Madzi akalowa, masamba amataya zokongoletsera zawo.
Gawo lovuta kwambiri pakusunga eheveria kunyumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kumayambira. Ngati nthawi yachilimwe ya 22-27 simakhala yovuta kupanga, nthawi yozizira m'malo otetezeka malo owala ndi 6-8 ndizovuta kupeza. Pa kutentha kwambiri, tsinde limakoka. Ngati izi sizofunika kwa mwiniwake wa zokoma, ndiye kuti mlendoyo amalekerera kutentha kwamadigiri 18.
Chofunikira pakusamalira echeveria kunyumba ndikuthirira. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kupukuta mbewu m'malo mopereka madzi ochulukirapo. Ndikusowa kwamadzi, masamba amathothomoka kenako ndikudzazanso. Pakusefuka, mbale imayamba kufooka ndikuwola. M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, dothi limayenera kupendekeka ndi 2/3, pomwe masamba amawuma pang'ono. Mukathirira, madontho amadzi ayenera kupewedwa pazomera. Nthawi zambiri, kuthirira kwapansi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudzera mabowo okwirira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi theka, kuthirira pang'ono potengera momwe mbewuzo zimakhalira. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumatsogolera ku kufa kwa okometsetsa.
Zomwe zimapangidwa dothi liyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Nthaka ndi yopyapyala, yokhala ndi mchenga ndi tchipisi zamiyala, acidic kuchokera ku peat gawo lapansi. Mutha kugula dothi lopangidwa kale ndi cacti ndi kuwonjezera zosakaniza:
- mchenga wowuma;
- makala ophwanyika;
- tchipisi ta njerwa;
- vermiculite.
Kuphatikizika kwa acidic kumatha kuchitidwa mwaokha mwa kusakanikirana kwambiri komanso kotsika, masamba humus, ndikuwonjezera biohumus pang'ono pazakudya. Mukamaliza kuthira mankhwala opopera kapena kuti mugule dothi, onjezani omwe alembapo.
Mbale zosamalira echeveria zimasankhidwa lonse komanso lathyathyathya, pomwe mizu imakhala molunjika. Kapangidwe ka dothi ndikuti achinyamata omwe ali m'malingaliro amakula amafunika kupatsirana pafupipafupi. Chomera chachikulu chimasunthira ku mbale yatsopano momwe chikufunikira. Mulimonsemo, amayesetsa kuti asavulaze chitsamba pochotsedwa. Zomera zazikulu zimadyetsedwa nthawi yotentha kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza apadera amadzimadzi kuti athandizire.
Mpweya wouma wanyumba wokhala ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira ndi ma radiator ndi madzi otentha ndi abwino pachomera. Palibe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chinyezi chofunikira posamalira echeveria kunyumba.
Kuswana kwa Echeveria
Chomera chimafalikira ndi mbewu, masamba masamba kapena mbali zakumapeto. Kufalitsa mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kuti apeze zinthu zatsopano zokongoletsera. Pochita, echeveria imafalikira.
Tsamba lotengedwa limawuma kwa maola angapo, kenako ndikuzama. Zomera zimachitika m'masiku ochepa, mbewu zatsopano za mini zidzalengedwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zimaphuka m'zaka 2-4. Ngati kufalikira ndi kutulutsa kaphokoso, ndiye kuti maluwa atha kupezeka mchaka chomwecho.
Maluwa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya echeveria pachimake mu nthawi yawo. Mutha kusonkhanitsa chopereka kuti maluwa azikhala mosalekeza. Mkhalidwe wawukulu ndi kukula kwa kuwala kwa flux. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri olima maluwa amalinganiza kuwunikira. Duwa limatuluka m'matanthwe a masamba, nthawi zina wamaliseche, wamasamba. Nthawi zina imamera pamwamba pamtunda motalika, nthawi zina imakanikizira chitsamba. Maluwa amapukutidwa bwino, ndipo chifukwa cha bokosilo njere zabwino.
Ubwino wa mbewu
Kupanga dimba la othandizira pazenera kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino mchipindacho. Mlengalenga umatukutidwa ndi mpweya ndi ozoni, chinyezi chimawonjezeka, zovala zimawala pang'ono. Kwakukulu, okhala m'mazenera amadzutsa zinthu zabwino.
